Perception of Space and Motion (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Perception of Space and Motion 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 14
Foreword 16
Preface 18
Chapter 1. The Metatheoretical Context 22
I. Introduction 22
II. The Inverse Projection Problem 22
III. Cues or Information 30
IV. Perceptual Constancy 35
V. Lessons from Illusions 37
VI. Alternative Investigative Prototypes 39
VII. Conclusion 41
References 41
Chapter 2. The Perception of Spatial Layout from Static Optical Information 44
I. Introduction 44
II. The Perception of Absolute Distance 46
III. The Perception of Relative Distance 61
IV. Surface Perception—Slant and Curvature 68
V. The Perception of Size and Shape 78
VI. Conclusion 82
References 82
Chapter 3. Perceiving Layout and Knowing Distances: The Integration, Relative Potency, and Contextual Use of Different Information about Depth* 90
I. On the Accuracy of Perceived Space 94
II. Information Integration: Rules, Weights, and the Feasibility of Complete Experimentation 96
III. Nine Sources of Information about Layout: Measurement, Assumptions, and Relative Efficacy 100
IV. A Situation-Sensitive Dominance Hierarchy 118
V. Three Applications for the System of Personal, Action, and Vista Spaces 124
VI. Conclusion 130
References 131
Chapter 4. Perceiving Pictorial Space 140
I. Introduction 140
II. Scaling Pictorial Space 144
III. Variables That Affect Perception of Pictorial Space 148
IV. The Problem of the Station Point 154
V. The Special Status of Pictures 178
VI. Conclusion 178
References 179
Chapter 5. Visible Information about Structure from Motion 186
I. Introduction: Changing Images and Visible Information 186
II. The Nature of Information 187
III. Image Information and the Spatial Structure of Images 193
IV. From Images to Perceptions of Moving Objects 209
V. Conclusion 216
References 217
Chapter 6. The Visual Perception of Three-Dimensional Structure from Motion 222
I. Optical Projection 223
II. Methodological Issues 226
III. General Factors That Can Affect Perceived Three-Dimensional Structure from Motion 228
IV. Theoretical Analyses 231
V. Empirical Tests of the Computational Models 234
VI. Problems for Future Research 238
References 242
Chapter 7. Perceiving Events 248
I. Principles of Perceptual Grouping: Absolute, Relative, and Common Motions 249
II. Perceiving Biomechanical Motions 255
III. Perceiving Approaching Objects 261
IV. Perceiving Natural Dynamics 271
V. Conclusion 277
References 277
Chapter 8. Sel Motion: Visual Perception and Visual Control 284
I. Introduction 284
II. Optic Flow 287
III. Visual Perception of Self-Motion 304
IV. Visual Control of Self-Motion 321
V. New Directions 331
References 333
Chapter 9. Ontogenesis of Space and Motion Perception 348
I. Introduction 348
II. Space: The First Frontier 349
III. Motion Perception 366
IV. Conclusion 376
References 379
Chapter 10. Auditory Spatial Layout 386
I. Introduction 386
II. Acoustical Information: The Ambient Sound Field and the Effective Stimulus 388
III. Auditory Objects 392
IV. Spatial Layout of Stationary Auditory Objects 393
V. Spatial Layout of Dynamic Auditory Objects 406
VI. The Role of Auditory-Visual Interactions in the Spatial Layout of Auditory Objects 415
VII. Conclusion 417
References 418
Chapter 11. Dynamic Touch 422
I. The Nature of Dynamic Touch 422
II. Dynamics of Wielding 425
III. Perceiving Object Length 428
IV. The Inertia Tensor Field and the Challenge of Perceiving a Constant Object Extent over Free Movements of a Multisegmented Limb 438
V. Perceiving Shape 441
VI. Perceiving Length under Conditions of Minimal Wielding 443
VII. Perceiving Hand–Object and Object–Hand Relations 449
VIII. Dynamic Touch and the "Muscular Sense" 458
IX. Perceiving Limb Position by Dynamic Touch 461
X. Weight Perception and the Size–Weight Illusion 469
XI. Selectively Perceiving Parts of an Object 473
XII. Perceiving Surface Layout and Hand-Held Probes by Probing 483
XlII. Distance Perception by Vibrations of Solid Media 495
XIV. Implications of Research on Dynamic Touch for Perception in General 498
XV. Concluding Remarks 504
References 505
Index 512