Attention, Balance and Coordination (eBook)

Sally Goddard Blythe is Director for the Institute of Neuro-Physiological Psychology in Chester, which specialises in the assessment and supervision of remediation programmes for children and adults with specific learning difficulties, agoraphobia and panic disorder. She is the author of a number of widely acclaimed books, including Reflexes, Learning and Behaviour (2002), The Well-Balanced Child (2005) and What Babies and Children Really Need (2008).

About the Authors.

Contributors.

Preface.

Acknowledgements.

1 Windows on the Brain.

Introduction.

Developmental Readiness for Education.

What is Neuro-Developmental Delay?

What is the Connection Between Neuro-developmental Delay andSpecific Learning Difficulties?

Primitive and Postural Reflexes - the Medical Model.

Neurological Dysfunction in Specific Learning Difficulties.

Diagnostic Criteria, Signs, and Symptoms of Specific LearningDifficulties.

Dyslexia - Signs and Symptoms.

DCD (Dyspraxia).

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).

Underachievement.

The Sensory-Motor Connection.

Theories of Motor Control.

2 The Significance of Primitive and PosturalReflexes.

What Are Primitive and Postural Reflexes?

What can Primitive and Postural Reflexes Tell Us?

The Developing Brain.

The Emergence of Spinal Reflexes.

Reflexes Mediated at the Spinal Level.

Reflexes Mediated at the Brainstem.

Reflexes as Reflections of Hierarchical Development.

Areas of the Brain Involved in the Mediation of Primitive andPostural Reflexes.

The Multisensory Reflex - the Moro Reflex.

Characteristics of the Fear Paralysis Reflex.

Moro Reflex Activators.

Functions of the Moro Reflex.

Physiological Response to the Moro Reflex.

Implications of a Retained Moro Reflex.

Symptoms of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome (SSS).

General Symptoms Associated with a Retained Moro Reflex.

Behavioural Outcomes Associated with a Retained Moro Reflex.

3 Primitive Reflexes of Position.

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR).

Development of Head Control.

Why Is Head Control So Important?

The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) and Early Feeding.

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR).

4 Primitive Tactile Reflexes.

Palmar Grasp Reflex.

Plantar Reflex.

Rooting Reflex.

Suckling and Sucking Reflexes.

The Spinal Galant Reflex.

5 Postural Reflexes.

Head Righting Reflexes.

Parachute Reflex.

6 Use of the INPP Screening Questionnaire.

The INPP Screening Questionnaire for Children.

How to Use the INPP Questionnaire.

7 Post-natal Factors Using the INPP Questionnaire.

Schooling.

Scoring the INPP Questionnaire.

Research into the Reliability of the INPP Questionnaire.

8 The Development of the Vestibular-CerebellarTheory.

Origins.

Development of Balance.

Cerebellum and Balance.

Significance of Vestibular Dysfunction.

Symptoms of Vestibular Problems.

9 The Effects of Neuro-developmental Delay in Adults and inAdolescents.

Problems in Higher Education.

Vestibular Connections to the Reticular Activating System(RAS).

Adolescent and Adults Manifestations of NDD - a ClinicalPerspective.

10 Development of the INPP Method - from Theory toFact.

11 Other Factors in Specific Learning Difficultes.

Unravelling the Threads.

Use of Physical Tests to Assess Neurological Readiness inSchools.

Application of the INPP Method.

The Neuro-educator.

Attention, Balance, and Coordination.

APPENDIX 1 Screening for Neurolological Dysfunction in theSpecific Learning Difficulty Child.

Abstract.

Introduction.

Early Identification.

Aim to the Study.

Method.

Analysis to the Questionnaire as a Means of Identifying SpecificLearning Difficulties.

Analysis of Individual Questions.

Results.

Discussion.

Conclusions.

APPENDIX 2 Frequency Range of Vocals and MusicalInstruments.

Glossary of Terms.

Bibliography.

Index.

"[An] important book.... Provides a new insight into the source of many elusive problems which interfere with effective learning.... Highly Recommended." (SEN Magazine, January 2010)