The Animal Experimentation Debate

David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.

List of Tables
Preface
1 Background and History
Vivisection in Ancient History
Dissection and Vivisection of Humans in Ancient Greece
Dissection and Vivisection of Animals
The (Temporary) End of Vivisection
Dissection in Non-Western Cultures
The Renewal of Dissection
Vivisection and the Rise of Modern Biology
The Birth of the Antivivisectionist Movement
Early Antivivisectionist Legislation
Rise of Antivivisectionist Organizations
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
The Tide Turns: The Brown Dog Affair and the Decline of Antivivisectionism
The Antivivisection Movement in the United States Hits Bottom
Resurgence of the Antivivisection Movement
Animal Welfare Legislation
Issues of Violence and Morality
Animal Liberation
A Moral Code for Animals
The Impact of Animal Liberation
Industries Respond
Researchers Fight Back
The International Scene
Animal-Testing Statistics
Alternatives to Animal Testing
Progress in AATs
The Ongoing Debate over Animal Experimentation
Arguments in Opposition to Animal Experimentation
Arguments in Favor of Animal Experimentation
3 Perspectives
The Moral Dilemma of Animal Research (Dario Ringach)
What Has Animal Research Ever Done for Us? (Tom Holder)
The Importance of Biomedical Research (Matt Schaff)
Companion Animal and Human Patients Work Together (Carol Frischmann)
The Use of Animals in Behavioral Research (Janette Fischer)
Objections to the Use of Animals in Research (Doris Lin)
Why Do Animal Rights Activists Object to Using Animals in Experiments?
What Are the Animal Welfare Concerns about Animals in Research?
The Animal Welfare Act
Can We Make Medical Advances without Animal Research?
Tolerance (Michael Budkie)
Animals and Research: 150 Years of Medical Advance (Bella Williams)
Reasoning with Myself (Vilay Khandelwal)
4 Profiles
Introduction
American Anti-Vivisection Society
Americans for Medical Progress
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
Francis Balkwill (1952– )
Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)
Henry Bergh (1813–1888)
British Union to Abolish Vivisection
Francis Power Cobbe (1822–1904)
In Defense of Animals
The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
Martin, Richard (1754–1834)
National Anti-Vivisection Society (U.S.)
National Association for Biomedical Research
New England Anti-Vivisection Society
Ingrid Newkirk (1949– )
Sir William Paton (1917–1993)
Tom Regan (1938– )
Bernard Rollin (1943– )
W.?M. S. Russell (1925–2005) and Rex L. Burch (1926–1996)
Peter Singer (1946– )
Ernest Starling (1866–1927)
Understanding Animal Research
5 Data and Documents
Data
Table 5.1: Animals Used in Research in the United States, 2010
Table 5.2: Scientific Procedures by Species of Animal and Primary Purpose of the Procedure
Table 5.3: Research Animal Cases Examined by APHIS, 2007–2009
Table 5.4: Number of Animals Used in Research, Historic Trends, 1973–2004
Documents
On Medicine (about 50 CE; 1756)
Thomas Aquinas on the Role of Animals (1265–1274)
A Father's Instructions (1789)
An Act to Amend the Law Relating to Cruelty to Animals (1876)
Statement Opposed to Animal Experimentation (1895)
Statement in Favor of Animal Experimentation (1914)
A Compromise on Vivisection (1914)
Cruelty to Animals Act (India) (1960)
Animal Welfare Act of 1966
Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC) (1976)
Primate Protection League v. Tulane Educ. Fund (500 U.S. 72 [1991])
NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-43; 107 Stat. 122)
Use of Animals in Testing; State of California (2000)
Farm Security Act (2002)
New Jersey Exemption from Dissection Law (2006)
United States of America v. Darius Fullmer (et al.) (2009)
S. 810: Great Ape Protection and Cost Savings Act of 2011
6 Resources
Books
Articles
Reports
Internet Sources
7 Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Author