The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language provides a comprehensive overview of this field. Divided into five sections, section one discusses methods and techniques including clinical assessment approaches, methods of mapping the human brain, and a theoretical framework for interpreting the multiple levels of neural organization that contribute to language comprehension. Section two discusses the impact imaging techniques (PET, fMRI, ERPs, electrical stimulation of language cortex, TMS) have made to language research. Section three discusses experimental approaches to the field, including disorders at different language levels in reading as well as writing and number processing. Additionally, chapters here present computational models, discuss the role of mirror systems for language, and cover brain lateralization with respect to language. Part four focuses on language in special populations, in various disease processes, and in developmental disorders. The book ends with a listing of resources in the neuroscience of language and a glossary of items and concepts to help the novice become acquainted with the field.
Editors Stemmer & Whitaker prepared this book to reflect recent developments in neurolinguistics, moving the book squarely into the cognitive neuroscience of language and capturing the developments in the field over the past 7 years.
* History section focuses on topics that play a current role in neurolinguistics research, aphasia syndromes, and lesion analysis
* Includes section on neuroimaging to reflect the dramatic changes in methodology over the past decade
* Experimental and clinical section reflects recent developments in the field
In the last ten years the neuroscience of language has matured as a field. Ten years ago, neuroimaging was just being explored for neurolinguistic questions, whereas today it constitutes a routine component. At the same time there have been significant developments in linguistic and psychological theory that speak to the neuroscience of language. This book consolidates those advances into a single reference. The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language provides a comprehensive overview of this field. Divided into five sections, section one discusses methods and techniques including clinical assessment approaches, methods of mapping the human brain, and a theoretical framework for interpreting the multiple levels of neural organization that contribute to language comprehension. Section two discusses the impact imaging techniques (PET, fMRI, ERPs, electrical stimulation of language cortex, TMS) have made to language research. Section three discusses experimental approaches to the field, including disorders at different language levels in reading as well as writing and number processing. Additionally, chapters here present computational models, discuss the role of mirror systems for language, and cover brain lateralization with respect to language. Part four focuses on language in special populations, in various disease processes, and in developmental disorders. The book ends with a listing of resources in the neuroscience of language and a glossary of items and concepts to help the novice become acquainted with the field. Editors Stemmer & Whitaker prepared this book to reflect recent developments in neurolinguistics, moving the book squarely into the cognitive neuroscience of language and capturing the developments in the field over the past 7 years. History section focuses on topics that play a current role in neurolinguistics research, aphasia syndromes, and lesion analysis Includes section on neuroimaging to reflect the dramatic changes in methodology over the past decade Experimental and clinical section reflects recent developments in the field
Front Cover 1
Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Contributors 18
Preface 20
Prologue 22
PART I: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 28
Chapter 1. Classical and Contemporary Assessment of Aphasia and Acquired Disorders of Language 30
1.1. Introduction 30
1.2. Nature of Language Deficits 31
1.3. Theoretical Models for the Assessment of Language Impairment 32
1.4. Classical Tests and Aphasia Assessment Procedures 33
1.5 Classical Tests for the Assessment of Language Impairment in Special Populations 35
1.6. Interface between Language and Other Cognitive Functions 36
1.7. Challenges and Future Directions 37
Chapter 2. The Hypothesis Testing Approach to the Assessment of Language 40
2.1. Introduction 40
2.2. What is the Hypothesis Testing Approach to Assessment? 40
2.3. Hypothesis Testing of Language Impairment: Assessment Resources and Considerations 43
2.4. Summary and Conclusions 47
2.5. Challenges and Future Directions 47
Appendix – Hypothesis Testing: A Worked Example 48
Chapter 3. The Intracarotid Amobarbital Test (Wada Test) and Complementary Procedures to Evaluate Language Before Epilepsy Surgery 50
3.1. Introduction 50
3.2. Historical Background 50
3.3. Current Clinical Use of the IAT 51
3.4. Rationale Underlying the IAT Procedure 51
3.5. Components of the IAT Procedure 52
3.6. Problems and Considerations in IAT Protocol Administration and Interpretation 53
3.7. IAT in Pediatric Populations 55
3.8. Validation and Reliability Studies 55
3.9. Supplementary and Alternative Techniques for Establishing Language Lateralization 56
3.10. Challenges and Future Directions 58
Chapter 4. Architectonic Language Research 60
4.1. Introduction 60
4.2. Broca's Region 62
4.3. Wernicke's Region 66
4.4. Other Regions Involved in Language 67
4.5. Interhemispheric Cytoarchitectonic Differences 67
4.6. Cytoarchitectonic Maps for the Analysis of Language 68
4.7. Challenges and Future Directions 69
Chapter 5. Microgenesis of Language: Vertical Integration of Linguistic Mechanisms Across the Neuraxis 72
5.1. Introduction 72
5.2. Principles of Brain Structure and Function 73
5.3. From Anatomical Structure to Neurolinguistic Function 76
5.4. Time Dynamics of Fronto–Temporal Activations 78
5.5. Vertical Integration: Coordination of Internal and External Contexts for Meaning 80
5.6. Challenges and Future Directions: Levels of Brain, Levels of Language? 80
Chapter 6. A Brief Introduction to Common Neuroimaging Techniques 84
6.1. Introduction 84
6.2. Electromagnetic Functional Neuroimaging Techniques 85
6.3. Hemodynamic Functional Neuroimaging Techniques 87
6.4. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 91
6.5. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 92
6.6. Challenges and Future Directions 93
PART II: NEUROIMAGING OF LANGUAGE 96
Chapter 7. PET Research of Language 98
7.1. Introduction 98
7.2. PET versus fMRI – Some Methodological Issues 99
7.3. Crucial PET Findings 100
7.4. Challenges and Future Directions 105
Chapter 8. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Research of Language 108
8.1. Introduction 108
8.2. Recognizing Auditory Input as Speech 109
8.3. Word Representation: Form and Meaning 110
8.4. From Words to Sentences: Syntactic Processing 111
8.5. From Words to Sentences: Semantic Processing of Sentences 112
8.6. From Sentences to Discourse 113
8.7. Challenges and Future Directions 114
Chapter 9. Event-Related Potentials in the Study of Language 118
9.1. Introduction 118
9.2. Language-Related Components and Their Functional Significance 119
9.3. Challenges and Future Directions 130
Chapter 10. Direct Electrical Stimulation of Language Cortex 132
10.1. Introduction 132
10.2. Description of the Technique 132
10.3. Comparison to Other Techniques 134
10.4. Selected Findings with Cortical Stimulation Technique 134
10.5. Challenges and Future Directions 138
Chapter 11. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as a Tool for Studying Language 142
11.1. Introduction 142
11.2. Assessing Hemispheric Specialization for Language with TMS 143
11.3. Different Effects of TMS On Task Performance: Posterior Temporal Cortex and Picture Naming 145
11.4. TMS Studies of Semantic and Phonological Processing in LIFG 147
11.5. Speech Perception and the Motor System 147
11.6. Representation of Actions and Verbs in the Motor System and Frontal Cortex 148
11.7. TMS Studies in Patients with Aphasia 149
11.8. Challenges and Future Directions 150
PART III: EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION 152
Chapter 12. Disorders of Phonetics and Phonology 154
12.1. Introduction 154
12.2. Changing Concepts in the Neurolinguistic Analysis of Phonetics and Phonology 154
12.3. Anatomical and Computational Complexity for Broca's Area 156
12.4. Intractable Problems in the Neurolinguistics of Segmental Paraphasias 157
12.5. Challenges and Future Directions 161
Chapter 13. Impaired Morphological Processing 164
13.1. Introduction 164
13.2. Noun versus Verb Morphology 165
13.3. Regular versus Irregular Morphology 166
13.4. Impairments of Inflectional Morphology 167
13.5. Impairments of Derivational Morphology 170
13.6. Impairments in Compounding 170
13.7. Challenges and Future Directions 171
Chapter 14. Disorders of Lexis 174
14.1. Introduction 174
14.2. Disorders of Lexis: A Brief Overview 174
14.3. Words in the Brain 176
14.4. The Domain of Lexical Disorders, the Notion of a Mental Lexicon, and the Notion of Word 177
14.5. A Framework for Understanding Disorders of Lexis 179
14.6. Challenges and Future Directions 179
Chapter 15. Disorders of Syntax 182
15.1. Introduction 182
15.2. The Endgame: Theory Unification 183
15.3. Syntactic Comprehension in Broca's Aphasia 184
15.4. The Linear Models 184
15.5. A Hierarchical Model: The Double-Dependency Hypothesis 187
15.6. What Have We Learnt? 188
15.7. Challenges and Future Directions 189
Chapter 16. The Neural Bases of Text and Discourse Processing 192
16.1. Introduction 192
16.2. Cognitive and Linguistic Principles of Discourse Processing 192
16.3. The Neuroscience of Text and Discourse Comprehension 194
16.4. Right Hemisphere Contributions to Discourse Comprehension 197
16.5. Summary and Conclusions 199
16.6. Challenges and Future Directions 200
Chapter 17. Neuropragmatics: Disorders and Neural Systems 202
17.1. Introduction 202
17.2. Pragmatic Disorders in Adult Clinical Populations 202
17.3. Explaining Linguistic Pragmatic Impairments in Clinical Populations 205
17.4. Neural Systems Underlying Pragmatic Abilities 206
17.5. Challenges and Future Directions 213
Chapter 18. The Role of Memory Systems in Disorders of Language 216
18.1. Introduction 216
18.2. The Declarative and Procedural Memory Systems 216
18.3. Language and the Declarative and Procedural Memory Systems 218
18.4. Disorders of Grammar and Procedural Memory 219
18.5. Disorders of Lexicon and Declarative Memory 223
18.6. Challenges and Future Directions 224
Chapter 19. The Relation of Human Language to Human Emotion 226
19.1. Introduction 226
19.2. Language and Emotion: Theoretical Perspectives 226
19.3. Universality of Emotion Expression in Language 227
19.4. The Linguistic Communication of Emotion 227
19.5. Prosodic Communication 228
19.6. Syntactic Structures as Reflective of Attitudinal Meaning 228
19.7. Language Affects Emotions 229
19.8. Pragmatics – Language Use – and Emotional Expression 230
19.9. Brain Structures Underlying Emotional Language 230
19.10. Affect Lexicon 232
19.11. Dysprosodic Disturbances 232
19.12. Pragmatic Deficits Following Brain Damage 232
19.13. Assessment of Communicative Competence for Emotional Expression 233
19.14. Summary 233
19.15. Challenges and Future Directions 233
Chapter 20. Acquired Reading and Writing Disorders 236
20.1. Introduction 236
20.2. Déjerine's Classical Anatomo-Functional Diagram of Reading (1891, 1892) 237
20.3. Classical Neurolinguistic Classification of Acquired Spelling Disorders 237
20.4. Dual-Route Models of Reading and Cognitive Accounts of Acquired Dyslexia 239
20.5. Dual-Route Models of Spelling and Cognitive Accounts of Acquired Dysgraphia 241
20.6. Principles for the Assessment of Reading and Spelling Impairments 242
20.7. Reading and Spelling Disorders in Languages with Different Scripts 243
20.8. Neuroanatomy of Written Language 243
20.9. Challenges and Future Directions 244
Chapter 21. Number Processing 246
21.1. Introduction 246
21.2. The Representation of Numbers 247
21.3. Number Manipulation: Transcoding 249
21.4. Calculation 250
21.5. Numbers and Calculation in the Brain 251
21.6. Challenges and Future Directions 253
Chapter 22. Neurolinguistic Computational Models 256
22.1. Introduction 256
22.2. The Computer and the Brain 256
22.3. Structured Models 257
22.4. Emergent Models 260
22.5. Challenges and Future Directions 262
Chapter 23. Mirror Neurons and Language 264
23.1. Introduction 264
23.2. Multiple Mirror Systems and the Language-Ready Brain 265
23.3. Praxis, Language and the Action-Oriented Perception of Scenes 266
23.4. Modeling the Canonical and Mirror Systems for Grasping 268
23.5. Imitation and Mirror Neurons: In Search of Subtlety 269
23.6. Challenges and Future Directions 272
Chapter 24. Lateralization of Language across the Life Span 274
24.1. Introduction 274
24.2. Brain Development 275
24.3. Changes Associated with Aging 278
24.4. Interpretive Complexities 279
24.5. Challenges and Future Directions 281
Chapter 25. Interhemispheric Interaction in the Lateralized Brain 284
25.1. Introduction 284
25.2. Functional Hemispheric Asymmetry 285
25.3. Advantages and Challenges of Hemispheric Asymmetry 285
25.4. Mechanisms of Interhemispheric Interaction 287
25.5. Individual Variation 290
25.6. Challenges and Future Directions 292
PART IV: CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE OF LANGUAGE 294
A: Language in Special Populations and in Various Disease Processes 294
Chapter 26. Acute Aphasias 296
26.1. Introduction 296
26.2. Approaches to Classifying Acute Aphasias 298
26.3. Non-stable Syndromes of Acute Aphasia 301
26.4. Challenges and Future Directions 303
Chapter 27. Language in Dementia 306
27.1. Introduction 306
27.2. Phonology and Speech Errors in Dementia 306
27.3. Lexical Retrieval and Naming Difficulty in Dementia 307
27.4. Semantic Memory Difficulty in Dementia 308
27.5. Grammatical Deficits in Dementia 311
27.6. Discourse Deficit in Dementia 311
27.7. Challenges and Future Directions 312
Chapter 28. Frontal Lobes and Language 316
28.1. Introduction 316
28.2. Pragmatic Inference 316
28.3. Social Cognition 318
28.4. Discourse Production 320
28.5. Challenges and Future Directions 322
Chapter 29. The Torque Defines the Four Quadrants of the Human Language Circuit and the Nuclear Symptoms of Schizophrenia Identify their Component Functions 326
29.1. Introduction 326
29.2. Bi-hemispheric Theory of Language 327
29.3. Principles of Connectivity of Hetero-Modal Association Cortex 328
29.4. Anomalies of Anatomical Asymmetry and Schizophrenia 329
29.5. The Central Paradox and Its Resolution 330
29.6. How Do the Nuclear Symptoms Arise? 331
29.7. Challenges and Future Directions 332
Chapter 30. Stuttering and Dysfluency 336
30.1. Introduction 336
30.2. Definition and Clinical Characteristics of Dysfluency 337
30.3. The Physiology of Stuttering 340
30.4. Theories of Stuttering 341
30.5. Animal Modeling of Stuttering 342
30.6. Challenges and Future Directions 343
Chapter 31. Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Model for Understanding the Relationship Between Language and Memory 346
31.1. Introduction 346
31.2. Do MTLE Patients Show Language Abnormalities? 348
31.3. What Specific Evidence Is There Showing Medial Temporal Lobe Involvement in Language? 349
31.4. Are There Anatomical Connections That Allow the Medial Temporal Lobe to Influence Language? 350
31.5. What Might the Medial Temporal Lobe Contribute to Language Processing? 351
31.6. What Accounts for the Language Deficits in MTLE? 352
31.7. Challenges and Future Directions 353
Chapter 32. Subcortical Language Mechanisms 356
32.1. Introduction 356
32.2. Distribution of Pathology in Subcortical Stroke and Degenerative Disorders Associated with Language Impairment 356
32.3. Emerging Neuroscience of the Basal Ganglia 359
32.4. Mechanisms of Non-thalamic Subcortical Aphasia 359
32.5. Summary: Non-thalamic Subcortical Aphasia 360
32.6. Emerging Neuroscience of the Thalamus 360
32.7. Mechanisms of Thalamic Aphasia 363
32.8. Summary: Thalamic Aphasia 365
32.9. Challenges and Future Directions 365
Chapter 33. Language and Communication Disorders in Multilinguals 368
33.1. Introduction 368
33.2. Language Impairments 369
33.3. Implicit and Explicit Memory 370
33.4. Pathological Language Mixing and Switching 371
33.5. Experimental Studies 372
33.6. Assessment of Language Disorders in Multilingual Speakers 373
33.7. Multilingual Aphasia Rehabilitation 373
33.8. Challenges and Future Directions: The Cerebral Organization of Languages 374
Chapter 34. Language and Communication in Aging 378
34.1. Introduction 378
34.2. Language Changes in Healthy Aging 378
34.3. Aging and Bilingualism 380
34.4. Distinguishing Language in Healthy Aging from That in Mild Cognitive Impairment and AD 380
34.5. Explanations for Language Changes in Healthy Aging 382
34.6. Challenges and Future Directions 383
B: Language and Communication in Developmental Disorders 386
Chapter 35. Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia or Landau–Kleffner Syndrome: Clinical and Linguistic Aspects 388
35.1. Introduction 388
35.2. Language Regression and Epilepsy 389
35.3. The Nature of the Language Deficit 390
35.4. The Spectrum of Regressive Language Disorders and Epilepsy 391
35.5. Challenges and Future Directions 391
Chapter 36. Language and Communication in Williams Syndrome 394
36.1. Introduction 394
36.2. Language in WS: The Evidence 395
36.3. Theoretical Approaches to the Neurocognitive Study of WS 396
36.4. Characterizing Language and Communication in WS 397
36.5. Language in WS: Connecting the Dots 400
36.6. Challenges and Future Directions 401
Chapter 37. Language and Communication Disorders in Autism and Asperger Syndrome 404
37.1. Introduction 404
37.2. Language Deficits in Autism 405
37.3. Explaining Language and Communication Deficits in ASD 408
37.4. Challenges and Future Directions 411
C: Recovery from, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Language and Communication Disorders 414
Chapter 38. Spontaneous Recovery of Aphasia 416
38.1. Introduction 416
38.2. Soundly Established Factors Affecting Recovery 417
38.3. Factors That May Affect Spontaneous Recovery 418
38.4. Why Spontaneous Recovery? 419
38.5. Challenges and Future Directions 421
Chapter 39. Therapeutic Approaches in Aphasia Rehabilitation 424
39.1. Introduction 424
39.2. How to Approach Aphasia Therapy 425
39.3. A Stage-Oriented Framework: Fitting the Therapeutic Approach to the Stage of Recovery 426
39.4. Specific Neuropsychological and Psycholinguistic Approaches to the Treatment of Lexical and Syntactic Disorders 429
39.5. Efficacy Studies of Aphasia Therapy 432
39.6. Challenges and Future Directions 432
Chapter 40. The Pharmacological Treatment of Aphasia 434
40.1. Introduction 434
40.2. Stroke: How Does It Cause Language Deficits? 434
40.3. Subacute (and Chronic) Stroke: Enhancing Neural Transmission and Neuroplasticity 438
40.4. Summary: The State of Play of Pharmacological Intervention in Aphasia 440
40.5. Challenges and Future Directions 440
Chapter 41. Recovery and Treatment of Acquired Reading and Spelling Disorders 444
41.1. Introduction 444
41.2. Illustrative Cases 445
41.3. Limits of the Syndrome-Based Approach 447
41.4. Suggested Treatment of the Lexical Components 448
41.5. Challenges and Future Directions 450
Chapter 42. The Role of Electronic Devices in the Rehabilitation of Language Disorders 454
42.1. Introduction 454
42.2. Provision of Therapy 455
42.3. Computer-Based Treatment and Language 456
42.4. Diagnosis and Assessment 456
42.5. Outcome Measurement and Audit 457
42.6. Alternative Communication 457
42.7. Support for Everyday Life 458
42.8. Challenges and Future Directions 458
PART V: RESOURCES 460
Chapter 43. Resources in the Neuroscience of Language: A Listing 462
Journals 462
Books 464
Source Books 467
Professional Associations and Societies 468
Glossary 470
A 470
B 471
C 471
D 472
E 473
F 473
G 474
H 474
I 474
J 474
L 475
M 475
N 476
O 476
P 476
R 478
S 478
T 479
U 479
V 479
W 479
Index 480
A 480
B 481
C 482
D 482
E 483
F 483
G 484
H 484
I 484
J 484
L 485
M 485
N 486
O 486
P 487
R 487
S 488
T 489
V 489
W 489
Color Plates 491
Contributors
Katrin Amunts
Research Center Juelich, INB-3, Medicine, 52425 Juelich, Germany: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Michael A. Arbib
Computer Science Department, Neuroscience Program and USC Brain Project, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Claudius Bartels
Deptartment of Neurology, University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Anna Basso
Department of Neurological Sciences, Milan University, Milan 20122, Italy
Alan Beretta
Department of Linguistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Stephanie B. Boswell
Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
Hugh W. Buckingham
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Linguistics Program, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA
Stefano F. Cappa
Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano 20132, Italy
Sarah S. Christman
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA
John F. Connolly
Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition (CERNEC), Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Timothy J. Crow
SANE POWIC, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
Gianfranco Denes
Department of Linguistics, Università Ca’ Foscari, 30100, Venezia, Italy
Joseph T. Devlin
Department of Psychology, University College London, London WCIE 6BT, UK
Mayada Elsabbagh
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
Pam Enderby
ScHARR HSR Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Gwen Frishkoff
Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Guido Gainotti
Neuropsychology Service of the Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Roma, Italy
Barry Gordon
Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology Group, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
Murray Grossman
Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA
Uri Hasson
Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Joseph B. Hellige
Psychology Department, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045-2659, USA
Argye E. Hillis
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Merrill Hiscock
Department of Psychology and Center for Neuro-Engineering and Cognitive Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5022, USA
Barry Horwitz
Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Gonia Jarema
Department of Linguistics, University of Montreal and Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3W 1W5
Marcel Kinsbourne
Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10003, USA
Kerry Ledoux
Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology Group, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
Andrew W. Lee
Department of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Ping Li
Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
Gary Libben
Department of Linguistics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E5
Phan Luu
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, OR 97403, USA
Claudio Luzzatti
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
Joël Macoir
Département de réadaptation, Programme de maîtrise en orthophonie, Université Laval, Québec (QC), G1K 7P4, Canada
Brian MacWhinney
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Skye McDonald
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
Kirsten R. Mohn
Department of Neurology (CB 7025), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, USA
Stephen E. Nadeau
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Administration Medical Center, and the Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center 1601 SW Archer Road Gainesville, FL 32608-1197, USA
Lyndsey Nickels
Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science (MACCS), Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
Loraine K. Obler
Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
Michel Paradis
Department of Linguistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A7; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Seija Pekkala
Department of Speech Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Charles A. Perfetti
Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Brian Petheram
Faculty of Computing, Engineering, & Mathematical Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK; Speech & Language Therapy Research Unit, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK
Frank A. Rodden
Section of Experimental MR of the CNS, Department of Neuroradiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
David B. Rosenfield
Speech and Language Center, Neurological Institute, The Methodist Hospital/Weill Cornell College of Medicine, Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Houston Shepherd School of Music, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
Carlo Semenza
Department of Psychology, University of Trieste, 34124 Trieste, Italy
Michael Siegal
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Steven L. Small
Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Luise Springer
Collaborative Research Centre “Media and Cultural Communication”, University of Cologne, D-50969 Köln, Germany; School of Speech and Language Therapy, University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Karsten Steinhauer
Centre for Research on Language, Mind and Brain (CRLMB) and School of Communication Sciences and Disorders (SCSD), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Brigitte Stemmer
Faculty of Arts and Science and Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Luca Surian
Department of Cognitive Sciences and Education, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto (TN), Italy
Joseph I. Tracy
Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
Alexander I. Tröster
Department of Neurology (CB 7025), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, USA
Don M. Tucker
Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
Yves Turgeon
Restigouche Health Authority, Campbellton Regional Hospital, Campbellton, NB, Canada E3N 3H3
Michael T. Ullman
Brain and Language Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Linguistics, Psychology and Neurology, Georgetown...
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 29.4.2008 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Sachbuch/Ratgeber |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie | |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Biopsychologie / Neurowissenschaften | |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie | |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Sprach- / Literaturwissenschaft ► Sprachwissenschaft | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe ► Logopädie | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-056491-7 / 0080564917 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-056491-3 / 9780080564913 |
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Dateiformat: PDF (Portable Document Format)
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Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen eine
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen eine
Geräteliste und zusätzliche Hinweise
Zusätzliches Feature: Online Lesen
Dieses eBook können Sie zusätzlich zum Download auch online im Webbrowser lesen.
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
EPUB (Adobe DRM)Größe: 12,4 MB
Kopierschutz: Adobe-DRM
Adobe-DRM ist ein Kopierschutz, der das eBook vor Mißbrauch schützen soll. Dabei wird das eBook bereits beim Download auf Ihre persönliche Adobe-ID autorisiert. Lesen können Sie das eBook dann nur auf den Geräten, welche ebenfalls auf Ihre Adobe-ID registriert sind.
Details zum Adobe-DRM
Dateiformat: EPUB (Electronic Publication)
EPUB ist ein offener Standard für eBooks und eignet sich besonders zur Darstellung von Belletristik und Sachbüchern. Der Fließtext wird dynamisch an die Display- und Schriftgröße angepasst. Auch für mobile Lesegeräte ist EPUB daher gut geeignet.
Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen eine
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen eine
Geräteliste und zusätzliche Hinweise
Zusätzliches Feature: Online Lesen
Dieses eBook können Sie zusätzlich zum Download auch online im Webbrowser lesen.
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
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