Principles of Bone Biology

John P. Bilezikian, MD, the Dorothy L. and Daniel H. Silberberg Professor of Medicine and Professor of Pharmacology at the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University is Chief of the Division of Endocrinology and Director of the Metabolic Bone Diseases Program at Columbia University Medical Center. Dr. Bilezikian received his undergraduate training at Harvard College and his medical training at the College of Physicians & Surgeons. He completed four years of house staff training (internship, residency and Chief Residency) on the Medical Service at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. Dr. Bilezikian received his training in Metabolic Bone Diseases and in Endocrinology at the NIH in the Mineral Metabolism Branch under the tutelage of Dr. Gerald Aurbach. Dr. Bilezikian belongs to a number of professional societies including the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, of which he served as President, 1995-1996 and the International Society of Clinical Densitometry, of which he served as President, 1999-2001. He serves on the Board of Governors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (1998-present) and on its Committee of Scientific Advisors (2001-present). He is Chair of the Endocrine Fellows Foundation. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (2000-2004) and as Senior Associate Editor of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (2008-2012). He is Executive Advisory Editor of Bone Research (2013-present). His books include Editor-in-Chief of The Parathyroids [1994, 2001, 2014], and co-editor of The Aging Skeleton (1999), Dynamics of Bone and Cartilage Metabolism (1999, 2006), Principles of Bone Biology (1996, 2002, 2008) and Osteoporosis in Men (2010). He served as co-chair of the last three NIH Workshops on Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2002, 2008, 2013). He is the recipient of the Distinguished Physician Award of the Endocrine Society, the Frederic C. Bartter Award of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) for Excellence in Clinical Research and the First Annual Global Leadership Award of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry. In 2009, he received the Gideon A. Rodan Excellence in Mentorship Award from the ASBMR. He received the Laureate Distinguished Educator Award of The Endocrine Society in 2014. In 2014, he was made honorary member of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. His publications number over 700. Dr. Raisz is Professor of Medicine and Program Director of the General Clinical Research Center at the University of Connecticut Health Center. He has been carrying out laboratory and clinical studies in the field of osteoporosis and bone metabolism for over 40 years. He has mentored a large number of investigators in these areas both here at the University of Connecticut and previously at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. His current studies include an analysis of the effects of estrogen and androgen on the expression of cytokines and growth factors in bone, which is being carried out in both humans and animal models, studies of the role of prostaglandins in bone metabolism using transgenic mice, studies on the effects of progestins on bone turnover in postmenopausal women and tissue culture and animal studies on new antiresorptive and anabolic agents carried out in collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry. Dr. Martin has served on 12 state and national committees and boards, been an international lecturer for nearly 20 years, and his work has been extensively published in a total of 420 original papers, 178 reviews, chapters and editorials, and seven books. He was appointed as Officer of the Order of Australia, elected to fellowships of the Australian Academy and the Royal Society and received 12 prestigious career awards, including the Eric Susman Prize from the Royal Australasian College of Physician. He has had 12 patents granted and held eight international visiting appointments in the United Kingdom, United States, and Switzerland. An outstanding contribution to science includes the cloning of parathyroid hormone related protein.

Part I Basic Principles
A. Cell Biology
1: Structure, Modeling and Remodeling of Bone / The Size and Shape of Bone as a Site of Metabolic Bone Activity
2: Biomechanics of Bone
3: Embryonic Development of Bone and the Molecular Regulation of Intramembranous and Endochondral Bone Formation
4: Mesenchymal Stem Cells & Osteoblast Lineage
5: Transcriptional Control of Osteoblast Differentiation and Function
6: Wnt Signaling and Bone
7: Sclerostin and Bone
8: The Osteocyte
9: Cells of Bone: Osteoplast Generation
10: Osteoclast Function: Biology and Mechanisms
11: RANK Signaling
12: Regulating Bone Resorption
13: Apoptosis in Bone Cells
14: Skeletal Gene Expression in Nuclear Microenvironments

B. Biochemistry
15: Type I Collagen: Structure, Synthesis, and Regulation
16: Collagen Crosslinking & Metabolism
17: Bone Matrix Proteoglycans & Glycoproteins
18: Osteopontin
19: Bone Proteinases
20: Integrins and Other Cell Surface Attachment Molecules of Bone Cells
21: Intercellular Junctions and Cell-Cell Communication in the Skeletal System

C. Bone Remodeling and Mineral Homeostasis
22: Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Remodeling
23: Phosphorus Homeostasis & Related Disorders
24: Magnesium Homeostasis
25: Metals in Bone: Aluminum, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Silicon, & Stro
26: Biology of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor

D. The Hormones of Bone
27: Receptors for Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and PTH-Related Protein
28: Parathyroid Hormone - Molecular Biology
29: Parathyroid Hormone-Receptor Interactions
30: Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on the Vasculature and Cardiovascular System
31: The Vascular and Cardiovascular Actions of PTH
32: PTH and PTHrP Actions on Kidney and Bone
33: Physiological Actions of Parathyroid Hormone and PTH-Related Protein
34: Vascular, Cardiovascular and Neurological Actions of Parathyroid-Related Protein
35: Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor (VDR) and Plasma Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) Structures and Ligand Shape Preferences for Genomic and Rapid Biological Responses
36: Vitamin D Gene Regulation
37: Photobiology and Non-Calcemic Actions of Vitamin D
38: Calcitonin Structure and Molecular Biology of the Calcitonin Receptor / Calcitonin Gene Family and Receptors: Structure, Molecular Biology, and Effects
39: Amylin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

E. Other Systemic Hormones That Influence Bone Metabolism
40: Estrogens & Progestins
41: The Pharmacology of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
42: Mechanisms of Estrogen Action in Bone
43: Thyroid Hormone & Bone
44: Clinical and Basic Aspects of Glucocorticoid Action in Bone
45: Effects of Diabetetes & Insulin on Bone Physiology
46: Androgens:Receptor Expression and Steroid Action in Bone
47: Kinins & Neuro-Osteogenic Factors
48: Regulation of Bone Remodeling by Central and Peripheral Nervous Signals
Patricia Ducy

F. Local Regulators
49: Insulin-like Growth Factors and the IGF Binding Proteins: Implications for Bone Biology
50: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor & the Skeleton
51: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and FGF Receptor Families in Bone
52: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Osteogenic-Angiogenic Coupling
53: Transforming Growth Factor-â
54: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and the Skeleton
55: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors & Actions
56: Colony-Stimulating Factor-1
57: Local Regulators of Bone: IL-1, TNF, Lymphotoxin, Interferon-?, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, the LIF/IL-6 Family, and Additional Cytokines
58: Prostaglandins & Bone Metabolism
Carol Pilbeam

Part II Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolic Bone Disease
59: Skeletal Effects of Nitric Oxide: Novel Agent for Osteoporosis
60: Molecular Basis of PTH Overexpression
61: Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Primary Hyperparathyroidism
62: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I
63: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Other Systemic Factors in Skeletal Manifestations of Malignancy
64: Local Factors in Skeletal Malignancy
65: Genetic Regulation of the Parathyroid Gland Development
66: Jansen's Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia & Blomstrand's Lethal Chondrodysplasia: Two Genetic Disorders Caused by PTH/PTHrP Receptor Mutations
67: Diseases Resulting from Defects in the G Protein Gs
68: Renal Osteodystrophy – Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options
69: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
70: Hereditary Deficiencies in Vitamin D Action
71: Oncogenic Osteomalacia
72: Osteopetrosis
73: Hypophosphatasia: Nature's Window on Alkaline Phosphatase Function in Humans
74: Paget's Disease of Bone
75: Genetic Determinants of Bone Mass and Osteoporotic Fracture
76: Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis
77: Evaluation of Risk for Osteoporosis Fracture

Part III Pharmacological Mechanisms of Therapeutics
78: Parathyroid Hormone
79: Calcium
80: Drugs Acting on the Calcium Receptor Calcimimetics and Calcilytics
81: Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of Action
82: The Pharmacology of Estrogens in Osteoporosis
83: Vitamin D & Analogs
84: Estrogen Effects on Bone in the Male Skeleton
85: Mechanisms of Exercise Effects on Bone Quantity and Quality

Part IV Methods in Bone Research
86: Application of Transgenic Mice to Problems of Skeletal Bone
87: Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism
88: Methods and Clinical Issues in Bone Densitometry
89: Controversial Issues in Bone Densitometry
90: Macro and Micro Imaging of Bone Architecture