Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology

Daniel K. Podolsky, M.D. President, Professor of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Associate Editors: Michael Camilleri, M.D, Professor of Medicine and Physiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Consultant in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. J. Gregory Fitz, M.D, Dean, Southwestern Medical School, Distinguished Chair in Medical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Anthony N. Kalloo, M.D, Professor of Gastroenterology and Director, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA. Fergus Shanahan, M.D, Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine and Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork University Hospital, Ireland. Timothy C. Wang, M.D, Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA.

Contributors Preface Foreword by Tadataka Yamada About the companion website and companion digital edition VOLUME ONE PART 1, Anatomy and development 1 Development and diff erentiation of the gastrointestinal system Ben Z. Stanger and Daniel K. Podolsky 2 Stem cells and tissue renewal Johan H. van Es, Sina Bartfeld, and Hans Clevers 3 Esophagus: anatomy and structural anomalies Ikuo Hirano 4 Stomach and duodenum: anatomy and structural anomalies Eric Goldberg and Jean-Pierre Raufman 5 Small intestine: anatomy and structural anomalies Deborah C. Rubin and Anisa Shaker 6 Colon: anatomy and structural anomalies Konstantin Umanskiy and Jeffrey B. Matthews 7 Pancreas: anatomy and structural anomalies Kevin Tri Nguyen and Diane M. Simeone 8 Abdominal cavity: anatomy, structural anomalies, and hernias Kevin P. Murphy, Michael M. Maher, and Owen J. O Connor 9 Gallbladder and biliary tract: anatomy and structural anomalies Theodore H. Welling 10 Liver: anatomy, microscopic structure, and cell types Gary C. Kanel 11 Gastrointestinal blood flow Thorsten Vowinkel and D. Neil Granger PART 2, Mechanisms of normal and abnormal gastrointestinal function A Components 12 Integrative responses of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver to a meal Stephen J. Pandol, Helen E. Raybould, and Hal Yee 13 Gastrointestinal hormones and receptors Laurence J. Miller 14 The brain gut axis Adam D. Farmer and Qasim Aziz 15 The innervation of the gastrointestinal tract John B. Furness, Daniel P. Poole, Hyun-Jung Cho, Brid P. Callaghan, and Leni R. Rivera 16 Smooth muscle of the gut Gabriel M. Makhlouf and Karnam S. Murthy 17 The mucosal immune system and gastrointestinal inflammation Fabio Cominelli, Kristen O. Arseneau, Matthew J. Hamilton, and Richard S. Blumberg 18 Epithelia and gastrointestinal function Jerrold R. Turner B Motility 19 Esophageal motor function Peter J. Kahrilas, John E. Pandolfino, and David A. Katzka 20 Gastric motility and gastric emptying Michael Camilleri 21 Motility of the small intestine and colon Adil E. Bharucha and William Lee Hasler 22 Motility of the biliary tract Gary M. Mawe, Brigitte Lavoie, Peter L. Moses, and Maria J. Pozo C Secretion and absorption 23 Gastric secretions M. Michael Wolfe and Robert C. Lowe 24 Electrolyte secretion and absorption in the small intestine and colon Kim E. Barrett and Stephen J. Keely 25 Pancreatic secretion Chung Owyang and John A. Williams 26 Bile secretion and cholestasis Andrew P. Feranchak D Nutrition 27 General nutritional principles David H. Alpers and Kevin D. Cashman 28 Control of appetite/satiety and energy balance Joel K. Elmquist and Jay D. Horton 29 Nutrient digestion, absorption, and sensing Shrinivas Bishu and Eamonn M.M. Quigley 30 Vitamins and minerals Francis C. Okeke, Danielle Flug Capalino, Laura E. Matarese, and Gerard E. Mullin E Miscellaneous 31 Neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract Ofer Margalit and Raymond N. DuBois 32 The human intestinal microbiota and microbiome Omry Koren and Ruth E. Ley 33 Drug metabolism, transport, and pharmacogenomics Kristina K. Wolf, Brandon T. Gufford, Scott J. Brantley, Paul B. Watkins, and Mary F. Paine PART 3, Principles of clinical gastroenterology 34 Clinical decision making Jasmine K. Zia and John M. Inadomi 35 Approach to the patient with dyspepsia and related functional gastrointestinal complaints Jan F. Tack 36 Approach to the patient with dysphagia, odynophagia, or noncardiac chest pain Andre J.P.M. Smout 37 Approach to the patient with unintentional weight loss Sreedhar Subramanian and Jonathan M. Rhodes 38 Approach to the patient with nausea and vomiting William Lee Hasler 39 Approach to the patient with abdominal pain Pankaj J. Pasricha 40 Approach to the patient with gas and bloating Satish S.C. Rao and Yeong Yeh Lee 41 Approach to the patient with diarrhea Gail A. Hecht, Jonathan Gaspar, and Miguel Malespin 42 Approach to the patient with constipation Satish S.C. Rao and Michael Camilleri 43 Approach to the patient with acute abdomen Courtney B. Sherman and Kenneth McQuaid 44 Approach to the patient with gastrointestinal bleeding Kevin A. Ghassemi and Dennis M. Jensen 45 Approach to the patient with abnormal liver chemistries or jaundice J. Gregory Fitz 46 Approach to gastrointestinal and liver diseases in pregnancy Sumona Saha and Nancy Reau 47 Genetic counselling for gastrointestinal patients Laura E. Panos and C. Richard Boland PART 4, Gastrointestinal diseases A Esophagus 48 Motility disorders of the esophagus John E. Pandolfi no and Peter J. Kahrilas 49 Gastroesophageal reflux disease Sabine Roman, John E. Pandolfino, and Peter J. Kahrilas 50 Eosinophilic esophagitis Yael Haberman Ziv, Margaret H. Collins, and Marc E. Rothenberg 51 Esophageal infections and disorders associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome C. Mel Wilcox 52 Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma Stuart Jon Spechler, David H. Wang, and Rhonda F. Souza 53 Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and other neoplasms Adam J. Bass and Anil K. Rustgi 54 Miscellaneous diseases of the esophagus: foreign bodies, physical injury, and systemic and dermatological diseases Seth D. Crockett, Evan S. Dellon, and Nicholas J. Shaheen B Stomach 55 Disorders of gastric emptying Henry P. Parkman 56 Peptic ulcer disease Richard J.M. Ingram, Krish Ragunath, and John C. Atherton 57 Zollinger Ellison syndrome Robert T. Jensen 58 Gastritis and gastropathy Mary Kay Washington and Richard M. Peek Jr. 59 Tumors of the stomach Emad M. El-Omar and Mairi H. McLean 60 Miscellaneous diseases of the stomach Tamas A. Gonda and Yanghee Woo C Small intestine 61 Dysmotility of the small intestine and colon Lawrence Szarka 62 Bacterial, viral, and toxic causes of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and anorectal infections Mitchell B. Cohen 63 Chronic infections of the small intestine Billy Bourke and Seamus Hussey 64 Celiac disease Daniel A. Leffl er, Melinda Dennis, and Ciaran P. Kelly 65 Disorders of epithelial transport, metabolism, and digestion in the small intestine Sushila R. Dalal and Eugene B. Chang 66 Bacterial overgrowth Eamonn M.M. Quigley 67 Short bowel syndrome and small bowel transplantation John K. DiBaise and Debra Sudan 68 Tumors of the small intestine Maria Rosario Ferreira and Barbara H. Jung 69 Miscellaneous diseases of the small intestine Marc S. Levin D Inflammatory bowel disease 70 Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathogenesis Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Ramnik J. Xavier, and Daniel K. Podolsky 71 Ulcerative colitis Stephen B. Hanauer and Daniel K. Podolsky 72 Crohn s disease: clinical manifestations and management Gil Y. Melmed and Stephan R. Targan 73 Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Alessandro Fichera, Emily Finlayson, Leon Maggiori, and Fabrizio Michelassi 74 Microscopic colitis and other miscellaneous inflammatory and structural disorders of the colon Eugene F. Yen and Darrell S. Pardi E Colon 75 Irritable bowel syndrome Elizabeth J. Videlock and Lin Chang 76 Diverticular disease of the colon David J. Humes and Robin C. Spiller Index VOLUME TWO 77 Polyps of the colon and rectum John J. Garber III and Daniel C. Chung 78 Malignant tumors of the colon Jay Luther and Andrew T. Chan 79 Polyposis syndromes Randall W. Burt and Kory W. Jasperson 80 Colorectal cancer screening Uri Ladabaum 81 Anorectal diseases Adil E. Bharucha and Arnold Wald F Pancreas 82 Acute pancreatitis Hana Algul, Andreas Weber, Wolfgang Huber, and Roland M. Schmid II 83 Autoimmune pancreatitis Phil A. Hart and Suresh T. Chari 84 Chronic pancreatitis Joachim Mossner, Albrecht Hoff meister, and Julia Mayerle 85 Hereditary diseases of the pancreas David C. Whitcomb 86 Cystic lesions of the pancreas James J. Farrell 87 Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas Paul T. Fanta and Andrew M. Lowy 88 Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas Peter J. Carolan and Daniel C. Chung G Gallbladder and biliary tract 89 Gallstones Piero Portincasa and David Q.-H. Wang 90 Primary sclerosing cholangitis Jayant A. Talwalkar and Konstantinos N. Lazaridis 91 Cystic diseases of the liver and biliary tract James Buxbaum and Shelly C. Lu 92 Tumors of the biliary tract Tushar Patel 93 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and postcholecystectomy syndrome John O. Clarke and Anthony N. Kalloo H Liver 94 Acute viral hepatitis Marc G. Ghany and T. Jake Liang 95 Chronic hepatitis B viral infection Karin L. Andersson and Jules L. Dienstag 96 Hepatitis C virus infection Andrew W. Tai and Raymond T. Chung 97 Drug-induced liver disease William M. Lee 98 Acute liver failure William M. Lee 99 Autoimmune hepatitis Richard Taubert and Michael P. Manns 100 Primary biliary cirrhosis Marlyn J. Mayo and Dwain L. Thiele 101 Hemochromatosis Paul C. Adams 102 Metabolic diseases of the liver Shikha S. Sundaram and Ronald J. Sokol 103 Alcoholic liver disease Jose Altamirano, Eric S. Orman, and Ramon Bataller 104 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease M. Shadab Siddiqui and Arun J. Sanyal 105 Hepatic fi brosis and cirrhosis Don C. Rockey 106 Ascites and its complications Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao 107 Central nervous system and pulmonary complications of end-stage liver disease Scott C. Matherly and Jasmohan S. Bajaj 108 Liver transplantation Alyson N. Fox and Robert S. Brown Jr. 109 Hepatocellular carcinoma Amit Singal and Jorge A. Marrero 110 Liver abscess Roman E. Perri and David S. Raiford 111 Vascular diseases of the liver Susana Seijo and Laurie D. DeLeve I Miscellaneous 112 Intraabdominal abscesses and fistulae Peter Irving and Nyree Griffin 113 Diseases of the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, mesentery, and omentum Jennifer W. Harris and B. Mark Evers 114 Nutrition supplementation Joshua D. Novak and Stephen J. D. O Keefe 115 Obesity: treatment and complications Louis A. Chaptini and Steven R. Peikin 116 Bariatric surgery Obos Ekhaese and Danny O. Jacobs 117 Eating disorders Henry C. Lin and Eric E. Stone 118 Complications of HIV/AIDS and other secondary immunodeficiencies Phillip D. Smith and Edward N. Janoff 119 Immunological disorders: (a) Food allergy and hypersensitivity Jonathan O B. Hourihane 120 Immunological disorders: (b) immunodeficiencies and gastrointestinal complications of organ transplantation Paula O Leary and Fergus Shanahan 121 Parasitic diseases: protozoa Ellen Li and Samuel L. Stanley Jr. 122 Parasitic diseases: helminths Thormika Keo, John Leung, and Joel V. Weinstock 123 Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of specific genetic disorders Judy H. Cho 124 Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic diseases Eran Israeli and Charles N. Bernstein 125 Skin lesions associated with gastrointestinal and liver diseases Travis W. Vandergriff and Kim B. Yancey 126 Oral manifestation of gastrointestinal diseases Vidyasagar Ramappa and Yashwant R. Mahida 127 Gastrointestinal vascular malformations and neoplasms: arterial, venous, arteriovenous, and capillary Anne C. Travis and Joshua R. Korzenik 128 Intestinal ischemia and vasculitides Juan-Ramon Malagelada and Carolina Malagelada 129 Radiation injury in the gastrointestinal tract Steven M. Cohn, Alda Vidrich, and Stephen J. Bickston 130 Complementary and alternative medicine in gastroenterology Anthony Lembo and Andrea Bollom PART 5, Diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in gastroenterology A Endoscopic 131 General approach to endoscopy: sedation, monitoring, and preparation Hala Fatima and Douglas K. Rex 132 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy Abdurrahman Kadayifci and William R. Brugge 133 Capsule and small bowel endoscopy Jonathan A. Leighton and Shabana F. Pasha 134 Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy Peter H. Rubin, Steven Naymagon, Christopher B. Williams, and Jerome D. Waye 135 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Mustafa A. Arain and Martin L. Freeman 136 Gastrointestinal dilation and stent placement Shayan Irani and Richard A. Kozarek 137 Endoscopic approaches to enteral nutrition Ryan J. Law and Todd H. Baron 138 Management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage related to portal hypertension Tinsay A. Woreta and Zhiping Li 139 Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage Anne Thai and Joseph W. Leung 140 Endoscopic therapy for polyps and tumors Mouen A. Khashab and Heiko Pohl 141 Laparoscopy and laparotomy Ricardo Zorron and Gustavo Carvalho 142 Submucosal endoscopy Christopher J. Gostout 143 Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Vivek Kumbhari and Anthony N. Kalloo B Imaging 144 Plain and contrast radiology Marc S. Levine and Stephen E. Rubesin 145 Abdominal sonography Stephanie F. Coquia, Linda C. Chu, and Ulrike M. Hamper 146 Endoscopic ultrasonography Mouen A. Khashab and Marcia Irene Canto 147 Computed tomography of the gastrointestinal tract Siva P. Raman, Karen M. Horton, Pamela T. Johnson, Alec J. Megibow, and Elliot K. Fishman 148 Magnetic resonance imaging Diane Bergin and Donald G. Mitchell 149 Positron emission tomography Jonathan Sham, Manuela Matesan, James Park, and Satoshi Minoshima 150 Radionuclide imaging in the gastrointestinal tract Harvey A. Ziessman 151 Abdominal angiography Kyung Jae Cho 152 Interventional radiology Todd R. Schlachter, Julius Chapiro, Rafael Duran, Vania Tacher, Camila Zamboni, Luke Higgins, and Jean-Francois Henri Geschwind 153 Confocal laser microscopy Helmut Neumann and Ralf Kiesslich C Pathology 154 Liver biopsy and histopathological diagnosis Sugantha Govindarajan and Maurizio Bonacini 155 Endoscopic mucosal biopsy histopathological interpretation Elizabeth A. Montgomery and Anthony N. Kalloo D Gastrointestinal function studies 156 Tests of gastric and pancreatic function and absorption Joseph R. Pisegna and Deepinder Goyal Index