International Review of Cytology (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1. Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Mitochondria of Animal Cells 12
I. Introduction 13
II. Physiology of Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormones: Energy Metabolism 14
III. Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormone Action 16
IV. Effects of Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormones in Mitochondria 26
V. Concluding Remarks 58
References 60
Chapter 2. Plastid Division: Its Origins and Evolution 74
I. Introduction 75
II. Endosymbiosis and Origins of Plastid Envelope Membranes 77
III. Division of Plastids Acquired via Primary Endosymbiosis 79
IV. Division of Plastids Acquired via Secondary Endosymbiosis 94
V. Nuclear Control of Plastid Division 97
VI. Concluding Remarks 98
References 100
Chapter 3. Cell-Cycle Responses to DNA Damage in G2 110
I. Introduction 110
II. Cdc2: The Mitotic Switch 114
III. The DNA Damage-Mediated G2 Arrest Signaling Pathway 118
IV. The G2 Checkpoint and Development 129
V. Additional Components in Checkpoint Signaling 131
VI. The G2 Checkpoint as a Therapeutic Target 137
VII. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 138
References 140
Chapter 4. Chromosomes of the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 152
I. Introduction 153
II. Chromosome Structure and Division 154
III. Chromosomes in Interphase 175
IV. Summary and Conclusions 193
References 195
Chapter 5. Proteinases and Their Inhibitors in the Immune System 208
I. Introduction 208
II. Proteinases and Their Natural Inhibitors in Apoptosis 212
III. MHC Class II-Mediated Antigen Processing 225
IV. Interference with Proteinase Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy 231
V. Concluding Remarks 235
References 235
Chapter 6. Comparative Analysis of Spore Coat Formation, Structure, and Function in Dictyostelium 248
I. Introduction 248
II. Background on Cell Walls 250
III. Composition and Structure of the Dictyostelium Spore Coat 255
IV. Intermolecular Interactions 271
V. Formation and Functions of the Dictyostelium Spore Coat 276
VI. Germination of Dictyostelium Spores 286
VII. Comparison with Other Dictyostelium ECMs 288
VIII. Implications for Future Studies 292
References 293
Index 306