Handbook of Psychodiagnostic Testing (eBook)

Henry Kellerman, Ph.D, Diplomate in clinical Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychology, is training alalyst and senior supervisor at the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health in New York City. He is the author and editor of many books and numerous scientific papers and was the editor of the Columbia University Press book series Personality, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy: Theoretical and Clinical Perspectives. A former National Institute of Mental Health Fellow, Dr. Kellerman is also a Fellow of th American Psychological Association and the American Group Psychotherapy Association. He has held faculty and staff positions at several hospitals and universities and maintains a private psychoanalytic practice in New York City. Anthony Burry, Ph.D., clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst and Diplomate, American Board of Assessment Psychology, was formerly the Director of Psychology Internship Training, supervisor, and faculty memeber at the Postgraduate Center of Mental Health in New York City. Dr. Burry was also the Director of Psychological Evaluation at Comprehensive Psychological Services, and a Senior Supervisor of school mental health programs at the Brooklyn Center for Psychotherapy. He was Director of Psychology at Community Services for Human Development in New York City and was also a consultant in psychological assessment for seminary education for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. Dr. Burry has also held clinical positions involving psychotherapy and psychodiagnostic testing at St.Vincent's Guidance Institute in New York City and at the University of Kentucky Medical Center and the Veterans Administration Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky.  Dr. Burry maintains a private practice in psychotherapy and Psychodiagnostic testing in New York City.

Preface 6
Acknowledgments 11
Contents 12
The Referral 15
What is a Psychological Test Report? 15
Clarity of the Report 16
Meaningfulness of the Report 16
Synthesis of the Final Report 17
Why a Psychological Report May be Requested 17
Context of the Referral 17
Focusing the Report 18
Summary 19
Sections of the Psychodiagnostic Report 20
Suggested Outline of Sections The Clinical Interview 21
Cognitive Organization and Reality Testing 22
Intellectual Functioning 22
The Nature of Anxiety 23
Impulse versus Control 24
Defensive Structure 25
Identity and Interpersonal Behavior 26
Diagnosis and Prognosis 28
Summary 29
The Clinical Interview 30
Meeting the Patient 30
Samples of Behavior 31
Samples versus Evidence 32
The Referral and the Clinical Interview 32
Diagnostic Formulations Based on the Clinical Interview 33
Autism 35
Affect 36
Ambivalence 39
Association 40
Orientation to Time, Place, and Person 41
Summary 43
Reality Testing and Cognitive Functioning 45
Assessing Reality Testing 45
Primary Autonomous Ego Function 46
Secondary Autonomous Ego Function 48
Summary 54
Reality Testing and Cognitive Functioning 55
Integrative Function of the Ego 55
Communicating Findings 56
The Regulatory Aspect in Relation to Underachievement 57
Synthetic Function of the Ego 59
Diagnostic Implications 59
Communicating Findings 61
Adaptive Function of the Ego 61
Summary 63
Intellectual Functioning 65
DSM-IV-TR and Traditional I.Q. Range 66
Intelligence Test Scales 67
Verbal and Performance I.Q. 69
Verbal Equals Performance 69
Verbal Greater than Performance 70
Performance Greater than Verbal 71
Implications of Verbal-Performance Discrepancy 73
Subdividing Groups of Verbal and Performance Subtests 73
Use and Implications of ÏAÓ and ÏBÓ Groupings 75
Summary 76
Intellectual Functioning 77
Estimating Potential Levels of Intellectual Functioning 77
Intrasubtest Scatter 78
Quality of Responses 79
Pro-Rated I.Q. 79
Analysis of Subtest Scatter 80
Verbal Subtests (Wechsler Scales) 81
Performance Subtests (Wechsler Scales) 83
Conclusion 85
Summary 87
The Nature of Anxiety 88
Anxiety as a Central Focus in the Report 88
What does the Term Anxiety Mean? 89
The PatientÌs Experience of Anxiety 89
The Central Role of Anxiety in the Psychodiagnostic Evaluation 90
Is the Anxiety Consciously Experienced? 91
Is the Anxiety Acted-Out? 92
Is the Anxiety Somatized? 95
Is the Anxiety Understood by the Patient? 97
Sources of Anxiety in the Personality 97
Summary 99
Impulse Versus Control 100
The Interplay Between Impulses and Controls 100
Dimensions in the Analysis of Impulses and Controls 101
The Nature of Impulses 102
Impulse and Action Orientation 102
Impulse and Cognition 103
Types of Impulses Anger 104
Sexuality 106
Summary 108
Impulse Versus Control 109
Control Mechanisms Cognitive Controls 110
Ego Controls 110
Defense Mechanisms as Controls 111
Character Traits as Controls 112
Fantasy as Control 113
Fear as Control 114
Maturation: An Index of Impulse Versus Control 115
Immature: Impulse Dominated 115
Immature: Control Dominated 116
Mature Balance of Impulse and Controls 117
Summary 119
Defensive Structure 120
Individual Defense Mechanisms 121
Defenses Used to Manage Individual Emotions 123
Defenses and Character- or Personality-Trait Formation 125
Defenses Forming Character Trait Patterns 126
Defenses and the Report 127
Summary 131
Interpersonal Behavior 132
The Bridge Between Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Functioning 132
Conflict Stages and Derivative Behaviors 133
Oral-Dependent Conflict 133
Anal-Control Conflict 134
Phallic-Assertion Conflict 136
Oedipal-Competitive Conflict 137
Summary 140
Interpersonal Behavior 141
Emotion-Controlled Types Obsessive- Compulsive Personality 143
Paranoid Personality 144
Schizoid Personality 145
Emotion-Dyscontrolled Types Histrionic Personality 145
Narcissistic Personality 146
Antisocial or Psychopathic Personality 147
Emotion-Attached (Dependent) Types Dependent Personality 147
Passive-Aggressive Personality 148
Inadequate Personality 149
Emotion-Detached (Avoidant) Types Borderline Personality 149
Schizotypal Personality 150
Avoidant Personality 151
Summary 153
Diagnosis and Prognosis 154
Elements of Diagnosis 154
Diagnosis as a Shifting Phenomenon 155
Connections Between Diagnosis and the Presenting Problem 155
Acute Versus Chronic Pathology 156
Levels of Diagnosis 157
Integrating Diagnostic Levels 158
The Pathological Context and Diagnosis 159
Summary 161
Diagnosis and Prognosis 162
DSM-IV and DSM- IV-TR: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 162
Diagnostic Axes in DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR 163
Definitions of Generally Used Diagnostic Terms Neurotic Disorders 165
Organic Impairment Disorders 172
The Psychoses 173
Nonpsychotic Mood Disorders 178
Prognosis 179
Summary 180
Intelligence Test Reports for Counselors, Teachers, and Parents, and Testing of Preschoolers 181
The Intelligence Test Referral 182
Identifying Data 183
Behavioral Observations 183
Test Results 184
Summary and Conclusions Section 187
Language in the Intelligence Test Report 188
Testing of Preschool Children 189
Summary 191
CODA 192
Resolving the Role-Anxiety Dilemma 193
The SupervisorÌs Role 193
The Active-Passive Dilemma 195
Appreciating Limits 196
Recommended Readings 198
Clinical Applications of Psychological Tests 198
The Clinical Interview 199
Reality Testing and Cognitive Functioning 199
Intellectual Functioning 199
Anxiety, Impluse, and Defensive Structure 200
Interpersonal Behavior and Character Structure 200
Diagnosis 200
Report Construction 201
Index 202