A Formal Approach to Hardware Design

1 Formal Design Methods.- 1.1 Why Use Formal Methods?.- 1.2 Models of Integrated Circuits.- 1.3 Synchronized Transitions.- 1.4 Background.- 2 DESIGNING WITH TRANSITIONS.- 2.1 Computational Model.- 2.2 States.- 2.3 Transitions.- 2.4 Arrays and Quantification.- 2.5 Fixed Points.- 2.6 Statics.- 2.7 Named Transitions.- 2.8 Cells.- 2.9 Conditional Instantiation.- 2.10 Restricting State Variables.- 2.11 Other Constructs.- 2.12 Background.- 2.13 Exercises.- 3 Formal Verification.- 3.1 Invariants and Protocols.- 3.2 Verification of Invariants and Protocols.- 3.3 Mechanical Verification.- 3.4 Verification of Modular Designs.- 3.5 Background.- 3.6 Exercises.- 4 Synchronous Designs.- 4.1 The Synchronous Combinator.- 4.2 Verification of Synchronous Designs.- 4.3 A Fast Adder.- 4.4 Background.- 4.5 Exercises.- 5 Synchronous Realizations.- 5.1 Two-phase Realizations.- 5.2 Timing Estimation.- 5.3 Asynchronous Designs.- 5.4 Implementation Conditions.- 5.5 Background.- 5.6 Exercises.- 6 Refinement.- 6.1 Abstraction Functions.- 6.2 The Weak Refinement Condition.- 6.3 Mechanization.- 6.4 Interface Refinement.- 6.5 Background.- 6.6 Exercises.- 7 Self-Timed Circuits.- 7.1 Classification.- 7.2 Models of Self-timed Circuits.- 7.3 Speed-independence.- 7.4 Hierarchical Designs.- 7.5 Delay-insensitivity.- 7.6 Background.- 7.7 Exercises.- 8 Towards Larger Designs.- 8.1 Combining Asynchronous and Synchronous Computations.- 8.2 Codesign.- 8.3 Background.- 9 EPILOG.- A Synchronized Transitions Report.- References.