Advances in Mechanical Design (eBook)

Preface 6
Committees 8
Program Committee 8
Organization Committee 9
Contents 10
1 Design of Quantum Dots for Rolling Bearing Inner Ring-Cage Thermal Monitoring 20
Abstract 20
1 Introduction 21
2 Quantum Dots Temperature Sensor 21
2.1 Fabrication of Quantum Dots 21
2.2 Sensor Calibration 22
2.3 The Effect of Rotation on the Fluorescence Signal 24
3 Bearing Temperature Measurement 25
3.1 Experimental Setup 25
3.2 Results and Discussion 25
4 Conclusions 28
Acknowledgments 29
References 29
2 Planar Helix Driving Contact Curve Line Gear Mechanism 30
Abstract 30
1 Introduction 30
2 Design Equations of Planar Helix Driving Curve Line Gear Mechanism 32
3 A Design Example 36
3.1 The Equations of the Line Gear Teeth 36
3.2 Prototypes Design 37
4 A Kinematics Experiment of a Planar Helix Driving Curve LG Pair 37
5 Conclusion 40
Acknowledgments 40
References 41
3 Research on Yacht Design Method Based on Game Engine 42
Abstract 42
1 Introduction 43
2 The Purpose and Method of the Study 44
3 Developed in the Yacht Design of the Game Engine Prototype 45
3.1 A Probe into the Effective Design Communication in Yacht Design 45
3.2 Yacht Design and Game Engine Integration Strategy 45
3.3 Prototype System Architecture and Game Logic 48
4 Module Test Case Study 49
5 Evaluation and User Data Collection 50
6 Conclusions 52
Appendix 52
References 55
4 Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamic Modeling of a Tower Crane with Long Flexible Boom 57
Abstract 57
1 Introduction 57
2 Descriptions of Kinematics 59
2.1 Definitions of These Variates 59
2.2 Position Coordinates and the Derivation of Speed 61
3 The Method to Formulate Dynamic Equations and Make Them Discrete 63
3.1 The Method to Formulate Dynamic Equations 63
3.2 The Method to Make the Dynamic Equations Discrete 64
3.3 Discrete Equations in Consideration of Structural Damping 67
4 Numerical Calculation Method and Dynamics Simulation 68
4.1 Calculating Parameters and Simulation Model 68
4.1.1 The Comparative Results of Only Amplitude Movement 70
4.1.2 The Comparative Results of Both Amplitude Movement and Lifting Movement 71
4.1.3 The Comparative Results of Only Rotating Movement 72
5 Conclusions 74
Ackowledgements 74
References 74
5 Study on Piezoelectric Energy Collector with Different Section Shape 76
Abstract 76
1 Introduction 77
2 Structure and Working Principle of the Cantilever Beam Piezoelectric Energy Collector 77
3 Study on Influencing Factors of Power Generation Performance of Piezoelectric Energy Collector 78
3.1 Influence of the Substrate Shape 78
3.2 Influence of the Piezoelectric Ceramic Piece Shape 79
4 Evaluation of the Power Generation Performance of the Trapezoidal Piezoelectric Energy Collector 83
4.1 Research on the Output Power of the Trapezoidal Piezoelectric Energy Collector 83
4.2 Influence of the Mass Block on the Load Matching Resistance of the Piezoelectric Energy Collector 86
5 Conclusion 87
Appendix 87
References 88
6 The Mechanical Assembly Precision Analysis Considering Actual Working Condition 89
Abstract 89
1 Introduction 89
2 The Construction Process of Mechanical Assembly Precision Considering Actual Working Condition 90
3 The Mathematical Modeling of Tolerance Domain Considering Principle Tolerance 91
3.1 The Tolerance Model in Application of Independent Principle 91
3.2 The Tolerance Model in Application of Envelope Requirement 92
3.3 The Tolerance Model in Application of the Maximum Material Requirement (MMR) or Least Material Requirement (LMS) 96
4 The Variation Modeling of Actual Working Condition 98
4.1 The Variable Model Caused by Working Load 98
4.2 The Variable Model Caused by Working Temperature 102
5 The Construction of Three Dimensional Tolerance Analysis Model 103
6 The Precision Analysis of Mechanical Assembly Considering Actual Working Condition 105
7 Conclusions 111
References 111
7 A Gear Mesh Dynamic Model for Analyzing the Nonlinear Vibrations of Spur Gears Supported by Compliant Shafts 113
Abstract 113
1 Introduction 114
2 Gear Mesh Dynamic Model 115
2.1 Time-Varying Pressure Angle 116
2.2 Time-Varying Backlash 118
2.3 Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness 119
2.4 Gear Mesh Dynamic Model 122
3 Lateral-Torsional Coupled Nonlinear Dynamic Model 123
4 Dynamic Analysis with Different Nonlinear Dynamic Model 124
4.1 Effect of Shaft Stiffness on Dynamic Response 125
4.2 Effect of Operation Conditions on the Dynamic Response 133
5 Conclusion 139
References 139
8 Analysis of Transmission Performance for Asynchronous Magnetic Coupler with Trapezoidal Halbach-Array Permanent Magnet 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 142
2 Calculation of Torque and Flux Density 142
2.1 Structure of Magnetic Coupler 142
2.2 Establishing Calculation Model 143
2.3 Assumptions 144
2.4 Establishing the Solution Equation 144
2.5 Boundary Condition Problem 146
2.6 3D Analytical Corrections 147
2.7 Solution of Magnetic Flux Density and Electromagnetic Torque 147
3 Data Discretization 148
4 Simulation Analysis 149
4.1 Establish Simulation Model 149
4.2 Comparison of Air-Gap Magnetic Flux Density Results 150
4.3 Comparison of Electromagnetic Torque 150
4.4 Self Shielding Effect 152
5 Conclusion 153
References 153
9 The Analysis of the Flexible Load Sharing Structure of the Ring Gear in Planetary Transmission 155
Abstract 155
1 Introduction 155
2 Flexible Load Sharing Structure of the Internal Ring Gear 156
3 Finite Element Simulation for the Flexible Load Sharing Structure 157
3.1 Finite Element Model of the Flexible Load Sharing Structure 157
3.2 Finite Element Result of Flexible Load Sharing Structure of the Ring Gear 158
4 Orthogonal Simulation Optimization of Flexible Load Sharing Structure 159
5 Sensitivity Analysis of Flexible Load Sharing Structure 161
5.1 Bolt Deformation 161
5.2 Bolt Stress 163
5.3 Stress of the Elastic Cotter Pin 164
6 Conclusions 165
Acknowledgements 166
References 166
10 Review of Research on Space Curve Meshing Theory and Its Applications 167
Abstract 167
1 Introduction 168
2 Development of the Space Curve Meshing Theory 168
3 Transmission Methods of Space Curve Meshing Theory 170
3.1 Space Curve Meshing Theory for Vertical Axes Transmission 170
3.2 Space Curve Meshing Theory for Arbitrary Angle Intersecting Axes Transmission 170
3.3 Space Curve Meshing Theory for Arbitrary Angle Skew Axes Transmission 172
3.4 Space Curve Meshing Theory for Parallel Axes Transmission 172
4 Manufacture Technique for the New Meshing Principle Gears 173
4.1 Master Forms for Line Gears 173
4.2 Stereo Lithograph Apparatus Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing Technique for Line Gears 173
4.3 Selective Laser Melting Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing Technique for Line Gears 173
4.4 Precision Finishing of Line Gears by Electrochemical Brushing Process 173
4.5 Prototype Manufacturing of Hobbing for the New Meshing Principle Gears 174
5 Application of the New Meshing Principle Gears 174
5.1 Micro-Reducer for Line Gears 174
5.2 A Small Wind Turbine with Line Gears Box 174
5.3 Rack and Gear Mechanism Based on Circular Arc Helical Gears 175
6 Advantages and Shortcomings of Space Curve Meshing Theory in the Present Study 175
6.1 Advantages of Space Curve Meshing Theory 175
6.2 Shortcomings in the Present Study 176
7 Conclusions 177
References 177
11 Load Distribution Research on Flexible Bearing in Harmonic Drive 180
Abstract 180
1 Introduction 180
2 Theoretical Calculation of Load Distribution of Flexible Bearing 181
3 Finite Element Model for Flexible Bearing 184
3.1 Parameters of the Flexible Bearing Model 184
3.2 Meshing and Selection of Contact Parameters of Sub-FEM Model 185
3.3 Definition of Boundary Conditions 186
3.3.1 Restriction Boundary Conditions 186
3.3.2 Load Boundary Conditions 187
3.4 Analysis Results 187
3.4.1 Deformation 187
3.4.2 Load Distribution 187
4 Conclusions 189
Acknowledgements 190
References 190
12 Investigation of Developing Cutting Performance of Economic CNC Lathe by Shorten the Spindle Transmission Link 192
Abstract 192
1 Introduction 193
2 Improvement Method to Develop Cutting Performance of CNC Lathe 194
2.1 Description of Current Economical CNC Lathe 194
2.2 Modeling of Spindle Supporting and Deflection of Ordinary Spindle System 195
2.3 Methods to Shorten Transmission Link 197
3 Experimental Verify of Shorten Transmission Link 198
3.1 Structural Stiffness and Dynamic Frequency Response 198
3.2 Idle Run and Cutting Test 198
4 Analysis and Discussion 200
4.1 Tranmission Efficiency 200
4.2 Supportting Stiffness and Cutting Vibration 202
4.2.1 Static Stiffness 202
4.2.2 Cutting Deformation and Vibration 202
5 Conclusions 207
Acknowledgements 207
References 207
13 Structure Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Induction Applicator Roll for Five-Rolls Solvent-Free Coating Machine 209
Abstract 209
1 Introduction 210
2 Materials and Methods 210
2.1 The Simulation Model of Electromagnetic Induction Applicator Roll 210
3 Results and Discussion 212
3.1 The Influence by Changing Material 212
3.2 The Influence by Changing Frequency 215
3.3 Influence by Changing Electric Current 216
3.4 Influence by Changing Diameter of Iron Core 218
3.5 Structural Design for Electromagnetic Induction Applicator Roll 221
3.6 Working Principle of Electromagnetic Induction Applicator Roll 222
4 Conclusions 224
Acknowledgements 224
References 225
14 Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of 3-DOF Gear System with Tooth Contact Temperature 227
Abstract 227
1 Introduction 228
2 Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of a 3-DOF Gear System with the Tooth Contact Temperature 229
2.1 Calculation of Tooth Contact Temperature 229
2.2 Calculation of Profile Deformation Caused by Contact Temperature 230
2.3 Calculation of Stiffness Change Caused by Contact Temperature 231
2.4 Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of a 3-DOF Gear System 232
3 Analysis of the System Dynamical Chara-Cteristics 234
4 Chaos and Bifurcation of the System 236
5 Conclusions 238
Acknowledgements 239
References 239
15 Thermodynamic Research on Flexible Bearing in Harmonic Drive 241
Abstract 241
1 Introduction 242
2 Calculation of Total Friction Torque of Flexible Bearing 242
2.1 Calculation of Friction Torque Caused by the Load 243
2.1.1 Analysis of Bearing Stress Distribution 243
2.1.2 The Post Processor of Results 245
2.2 Calculation of Viscous Friction Torque 246
3 Steady State Thermal Analysis of Flexible Bearing 246
3.1 Infliction of Thermal Load 246
3.2 Infliction of Heat Convection 247
3.3 Results and Analysis 249
4 Conclusions 250
Acknowledgements 251
References 251
16 Influence of the Oblique Trimmed Impeller on Pressure Fluctuations in Centrifugal Pump at Low Flow Rate 252
Abstract 252
1 Introduction 252
2 Pump Geometries and Operating Conditions 253
3 Numerical Procedure 254
4 Numerical Results 256
4.1 Characteristic Curves of Tested Pumps 256
4.2 Flow Field Near the Exit of the Impeller 256
4.3 Pressure Fluctuations 258
4.4 Numerical Frequency Analysis 259
5 Conclusions 261
References 263
17 Influence of Pressure Angle on Tooth Surface Contact Stress of the Asymmetric Gear with Double Pressure Angles Meshing Beyond the Pitch Point 265
Abstract 265
1 Introduction 265
2 Calculation of Contact Stress of Asymmetric Gear Meshing Beyond the Pitch Point 266
3 Results and Discussions 269
4 Conclusions 270
Acknowledgements 270
References 270
18 Parametric Design and Motion Characteristics Analysis of Elliptical Gear 272
Abstract 272
1 Introduction 272
2 The Theoretical Basis of Elliptical Gear 273
3 The Design of Pitch Curve and Tooth Profile of Elliptical Gear 274
3.1 The Design of the Elliptical Gear Pitch Curve 275
3.2 The Drawing of Tooth Profile of Elliptical Gear 276
4 3D Modeling and Motion Characteristics Analysis 278
4.1 3D Modeling of the Elliptical Gear 279
4.2 Motion Characteristics Analysis of the Elliptical Gear 279
5 Conclusions 280
Acknowledgements 281
References 281
19 Optimal Design of Experimental Platform for Electronic-Hydraulic Driving Vehicle Based on the Multi-factor Synthetic Evaluation Model 282
Abstract 282
1 Introduction 283
2 Electronic-Hydraulic Driving Mode 285
3 Multi-factor Synthetic Evaluation Model 287
4 Expert Scoring System 289
5 Results and Discussions 289
6 Conclusions 291
Acknowledgements 292
References 292
20 An Approach of Knowledge Acquisition in Biologically Inspired Design 295
Abstract 295
1 Introduction 295
2 Knowledge Cells Acquisition 297
2.1 First Level: Clustering Based on Semantic Information 297
2.2 Second Level: Clustering Based on Environmental Information 299
3 Case Study 301
3.1 Clustering Experiment 301
3.2 Comparison and Discussion 305
4 Conclusions 306
Acknowledgements 306
Appendix 306
References 308
21 Research on the Design Method of Lightweight Lattice Sandwich Structure for Additive Manufacturing 310
Abstract 310
1 Introduction 310
2 Dimensional Lattice Material Structure 312
3 Design Guidelines for Metal Material Additive Manufacturing 314
4 Design of Lattice Structure for Additive Manufacturing 316
5 Development of Lattice Design Program for Additive Manufacture 318
6 Design Example 322
7 Summary 324
References 324
22 CoModel: A Modelica-Based Collaborative Design Web Platform for CPS Products 326
Abstract 326
1 Introduction 326
2 Architecture of CoModel 327
3 Modelica-Based Product Design 329
3.1 System Design with Modelica 329
3.2 Product Design on CoModel 330
4 Collaboration on CoModel 332
4.1 Collaborative Design with Modelica 332
4.2 Experts Management in Collaboration 334
4.3 Knowledge Libraries Management in Collaboration 334
4.4 Collaborative Design Process on CoModel 336
5 Four Rotorcraft Design on CoModel 337
6 Test and Result Discussion 340
7 Conclusion 341
References 341
23 An Isogeometric Topology Optimization Method for Continuum Structure 343
Abstract 343
1 Introduction 343
2 Parametric Level-Set Topology Optimization Model 344
3 Isogeometric Structural Topology Optimization Method 345
3.1 Discrete the Required Solution Domain 345
3.2 Sampling Points of Level Set Functions 347
3.3 Construction of Field Function 348
3.4 Isogeometric Analysis 348
3.5 Applying Boundary Conditions 350
3.6 Calculation of Strain Energy 350
3.7 Implementation Process 352
4 Numerical Example 352
5 Conclusions 354
Acknowledgements 354
References 355
24 Design of Position Feedback System with Data Fusion Technology for Large Hydraulic Manipulator 356
Abstract 356
1 Introduction 357
2 Position Feedback System Based on Data Fusion 358
2.1 Structure of Manipulator 358
2.2 Measurement Method by Inclinometer 359
2.3 Measurement Method by Ultrasonic Sensor 361
2.4 Data Fusion 362
3 Experiment 363
3.1 Base System 363
3.2 Controller Design 364
3.3 Results and Discussion 365
4 Conclusions 366
Acknoweledgements 367
References 367
25 Modeling the Behavior Process of Electromechanical Systems Based on Behavior Trees 369
Abstract 369
1 Introduction 370
2 States and Their Transitions in Electromechanical Systems 371
2.1 Function Carriers and Their States in Electromechanical Systems 371
2.2 States Transitions of the Function Carriers in Electromechanical Systems 371
3 Concepts of the Behavior Trees Notation 372
4 Modeling of the Behavior Process Based on BTs 374
4.1 Representation of States, Events and Control in State Transitions 374
4.2 Modeling of the Behavior Process by BTs 376
5 Case Study 376
6 Conclusions 380
Acknowledgements 380
Appendix 380
References 382
26 Lightweight Design of Multistage Gear Reducer Based on Continuous Variables and Discrete Neighborhood 384
Abstract 384
1 Introduction 384
2 The Characteristics and Overall Optimization Strategy of General Reducer Design Optimization 385
3 Optimization Design Based on Continuous Variable Reducer 385
3.1 Design Variables 387
3.2 Objective Function 387
3.3 Constraint Boundary Conditions 388
3.4 Optimization Calculation and Result Analysis Based on Continuous Variables 389
4 Optimization Strategy and Implementation Based on Discrete Neighborhood 389
4.1 Discrete Neighborhood and Optimization Strategy 389
4.2 Realization of the Four-Stage Reducer Optimization Based on Discrete Neighborhood 391
5 Conclusion 391
References 392
27 Multi-objective Topology Optimization for Supporting Plate of Winch Drum Spindle 393
Abstract 393
1 Introduction 393
2 Topological Optimization of Static Load in Multiple Loadings 395
3 Dynamic Topology Optimization 396
4 Multi-objective Topology Optimization 397
5 Engineering Application 398
5.1 SIMP Density-Stiffness Interpolation Scheme 398
5.2 Boundary Conditions and Load Conditions 398
5.3 Optimization and Result 400
6 Conclusion 405
References 405
28 Research on Key Technologies of Intelligent Finite Element Analysis Based on Knowledge Reuse 407
Abstract 407
1 Introduction 408
2 Knowledge Representation of FEA Cases 408
2.1 Case Representation 409
2.2 Case Study 411
3 The CBR Method Based on Analyzing Semantic Similarity of Scenes 412
3.1 Case Retrieval Method Based on Semantics 412
3.1.1 The Matching Method of Analysis Scenario Semantic Node 413
3.1.2 Measurement Method of Semantic Similarity 414
3.2 Case Study of Retrieval Methods 416
4 Conclusion 421
Acknowledgements 421
References 421
29 Modeling Method of Resource Combination Optimization for Crowdsourcing Product Development Based on Cloud 423
Abstract 423
1 Introduction 424
2 Big Data Influence and Problem Description 425
2.1 Influence of Big Data on Crowdsourcing Product Development Based on Cloud 425
2.1.1 Crowdsourcing Product Development Based on Cloud 425
2.1.2 Resource Combination Optimization 426
2.1.3 Influence of Big Data on Resource Combination Optimization 426
2.2 Problem Description 427
2.2.1 Integration Framework of Crowdsourcing Product Development Based on Cloud 427
2.2.2 Aim of Resource Combination Optimization 428
3 Resource Combination Optimization 429
3.1 Normalization of Resource QoS Attribute Values 429
3.2 Global and Local Optimization for Crowdsourcing Product Development 430
3.3 Resource Combination Optimization Method 431
3.4 Resource Combination Optimization Process 431
3.4.1 Bacterium Coding 431
3.4.2 Optimization Process 432
4 Case Study 432
5 Conclusion 434
Acknowledgements 434
References 434
30 Multi-flow Problem Mining of Complex Electromechanical System Based on Flow Analysis 436
Abstract 436
1 Introduction 437
1.1 Research Background and Significance 437
1.2 Research Progress at Home and Abroad 438
1.2.1 Overseas Research Progress 438
1.2.2 Domestic Research Progress 439
2 The Relevant Theoretical Basis 440
2.1 Flow Analysis 440
2.2 Extension Method 440
2.2.1 Matter-Element 441
2.2.2 Thing-Elements 441
2.2.3 Relational Element 442
3 Mining of Multi-flow Problem 442
3.1 Research Methods for Mining Multi-flow Problem Based on Flow Analysis 443
3.2 Mining Procedure for Multi-flow Problems 448
3.3 Functional Structure Analysis of Multi-flow Problem 449
3.3.1 System Network Structure 449
3.3.2 Functional Structure Analysis of the System 449
4 Construction of Multi-flow Network Model 450
5 Engineering Example 450
6 Conclusion 455
Acknowledgments 456
References 456
31 Robust Topology Optimization with Loading Magnitude and Direction Uncertainty 458
Abstract 458
1 Introduction 459
2 Perturbation Analysis of Loading Uncertainties 460
3 Response of Statistics Calculation of Compliance 461
4 Robust Topology Optimization of Compliance 463
5 Topology Optimization of a Cantilever Beam 465
6 Conclusions 468
Acknowledgements 468
References 468
32 Point Clouds Based 3D Facial Expression Generation 470
Abstract 470
1 Introduction 470
2 Related Work 472
2.1 Animation Based on Point Cloud(S) 472
2.2 Facial Expression Simulation 472
3 Facial Expression Generation Pipeline 473
3.1 Data Acquisition and Semantic Definitions 474
3.2 Preprocessing of PCs 475
3.2.1 Refinement 475
3.2.2 Uniformity 476
4 Global Face Motion 477
5 Local Face Motion 478
5.1 The Local Shape of the PCs 478
5.2 Algorithm of Looking for Corresponding Point 480
5.3 Segmentation of PC 481
6 Implementation and Results 482
7 Conclusions 486
References 486
33 The Influence of Product Style on Consumer Satisfaction: Regulation by Product Involvement 488
Abstract 488
1 Introduction 489
2 Theoretical Background 489
2.1 Product Style 489
2.2 Consumer Satisfaction 490
2.3 Product Involvement 490
3 Research Hypothesis 491
4 Research Methodology 492
4.1 Measuring Method 492
4.2 Data Collection 493
5 Investigation Results 493
5.1 Reliability and Validation Analysis 493
5.2 Hypothesis Testing 493
5.3 Impact Evaluation 494
6 Conclusions 495
Acknowledgements 495
References 495
34 Design Factor Analysis Based on Fractional Factorial Experiment 497
Abstract 497
1 Introduction 497
2 Multiple Factor Experiments Analysis 499
2.1 Sum of Squares 499
2.2 Degree of Freedom 500
2.3 Mean Sum of Squares(Mean Square Error) 501
2.4 Decomposition of Sum of Squares 501
3 Case Study 503
4 Conclusions 507
References 507
35 A Novel Reliability-Based Design Optimization Method Using Ensemble of Metamodels 509
Abstract 509
1 Introduction 510
2 Backgrounds 511
2.1 Metamodels 511
2.2 Monte Carlo Simulation 512
2.3 Inherited Latin Hypercube Sampling 513
3 RBDO Using Ensembles of Metamodels 514
3.1 Selection of Sampling Criteria 514
3.2 Ensembles of Metamodels 514
3.3 Proposed RBDO Method Using Ensemble of Metamodels 516
4 Numerical Example 516
4.1 Numerical Example 1 517
4.2 Numerical Example 2 519
4.3 Numerical Example 3 519
5 Conclusion 521
Acknowledgements 521
References 521
36 A Two-level Robust Design Approach to Adaptive Product Platform 524
Abstract 524
1 Introduction 525
2 Typology of Adaptive Product Platform 526
3 Mapping and Analyzing Design Parameters Using Axiomatic Design 527
4 Robust Design Method for Product Platform 529
4.1 Influence Analysis of Adaptive Design Parameters Utilizing Grey Relation Degree 530
4.2 Robust Design for Product Family 531
5 Case Study 533
5.1 Analysis of Functional Requirements and Design Parameters for Electro-Hydraulic Disc Brakes 534
5.2 Analysis of Functional Requirements and Design Parameters for Electro-Hydraulic Disc Brakes 535
5.3 Robust Optimisation Design of Electro-Hydraulic Disc Brakes 536
6 Conclusions 537
Acknowledgements 538
References 538
37 Cloud Service-Based Collaborative Design Resource Management 539
Abstract 539
1 Introduction 540
2 Model of Participants in the Collaborative Design 541
2.1 Participants in the Collaborative Design 541
2.2 Cloud Service Based on Design Knowledge Resource 542
3 Typical Features of Cloud Service-Based Collaborative Design Resource Management 543
4 Architecture and System Framework of Cloud Service-Based Collaborative Design Resource Management 544
4.1 Architecture of Cloud Service-Based Collaborative Design Resource Management 544
4.2 Resource Management Knowledge Expression 546
4.3 System Framework 547
4.4 System Process Control Strategy 547
5 Application 549
6 Conclusions 550
Acknowledgements 551
References 551
38 Layout Knowledge Multi Granularity Reconstruction Method for Complex Product 553
Abstract 553
1 Introduction 554
2 Layout Knowledge Multiple Granularity Model for Complex Product 555
3 Layout Knowledge Multiple Granularity Reconstruction Method 557
3.1 Single Granularity Layout Knowledge Reduction on the Relative Knowledge Granularity 557
3.2 Multiple Granularity Attributes Degree Based on Grey Relational Theory 558
3.3 Attributes Degree Trade off Based on Dempster–Shafer Theory 559
4 Case Study 560
5 Conclusions 564
Acknowledgements 565
References 565
39 Product Disassembly Sequence Planning Based on Combining and Pruning Algorithm 567
Abstract 567
1 Introduction 567
2 Mathematical Modeling 568
2.1 Disassembling Matrix 568
2.2 Target Function 569
2.3 DSP Method 570
3 Algorithm Explanation and Procedure 570
4 Case Analysis 571
5 Conclusions 576
Acknowledgements 576
References 576
40 Design and Analysis of the Steering and Braking Integrated Control Network for Commercial Vehicle 578
Abstract 578
1 Introduction 579
2 Design of Control Strategy Structure for the Steering and Braking Integrated System of Commercial Vehicle 580
3 Information Analysis and Structure Design of the Steering and Braking Integrated Control Network for Commercial Vehicle Based on CAN 582
4 Design of CAN Network Communication Protocol for the Steering and Braking Integrated Control System 583
4.1 Design of Source Address (SA) 583
4.2 Design of Priority (P) 584
4.3 Design of Parameter Group (PG) 584
4.4 Design of Parameter of CAN Network Node 584
5 Performance Analysis and Test of the Steering and Braking Integrated Control Network for Commercial Vehicle 585
5.1 Theoretical Analysis of the Steering and Braking Integrated Control Network for Commercial Vehicle 586
5.1.1 Theoretical Analysis of Bus Load Rate 586
5.1.2 Theoretical Analysis of Information Delay Time 587
5.2 Hardware-in-the-Loop of the Steering and Braking Integrated Control Network for Commercial Vehicle 589
6 Conclusions 591
Acknowledgements 591
References 592
41 Design and Optimization of the Faucet Flow Channel Structure 593
Abstract 593
1 Introduction 593
2 The Design of the Flow Channel Structure 595
2.1 Problem Analysis and Solution Based on TRIZ Theory 595
2.2 Flow Channel Structure 596
3 Numerical Equation and Simulation Conditions 598
3.1 Equation of Control [18] 598
3.1.1 Equation of Continuity 598
3.1.2 Equation of Momentum 599
3.2 Simulation Settings 599
3.3 Mesh Model 600
4 Calculation Results Analysis 601
4.1 Analysis of the Pressure Contour 601
4.2 Analysis of the Streamline 601
4.3 Orthogonal Experimental Factors and Analysis of Different Working Conditions 608
5 Conclusions 610
Acknowledgements 610
References 610
42 A Process Monitoring Method Based on Dual-Parameter Optimization 612
Abstract 612
1 Introduction 613
2 KPCA Modeling 614
2.1 Introduction to KPCA Principle 614
2.2 Fault Detection Capability Judgment Standard 617
3 Analysis of Different Models for Different Fault Detection Rates 618
3.1 Analysis of Influence of Kernel Parameter on Fault Detection Rate 618
3.2 Analysis of Influence of Principal Component Number on Fault Detection Rate 620
3.3 KPCA Method Based on Dual-Parameter Optimization 621
4 Example Verification 622
4.1 Wavelet Denoising of DCS Data of Compressor Set 622
4.2 Application of Improved KPCA Method in Compressor Set Process Monitoring 623
5 Conclusion 626
Acknowledgements 626
References 626
43 Optimal Design of Gantry Machining Center Welding Crossbeam Structure Based on the ICM 628
Abstract 628
1 The Establishment of Topology Optimization Model Based on the ICM 629
2 The Topological Optimum Design for the Crossbeam 630
2.1 The Crossbeam Load Analysis and Topology Optimum Design of Rib Plate 631
2.2 The Welding Process of the Rib Plate 632
2.3 The Layout of Optimized Rib Plate 633
3 The Verification of Dynamic and Static Characteristics of Optimized Crossbeam 635
4 The Comparsion of the Welding Cost 637
5 Conclusion 638
Acknowledgements 639
References 639
44 Design and Optimization on Annular-Flow Nozzle of the Oil-Water Pump 641
Abstract 641
1 Introduction 642
2 Inventive Design of the Oil-Water Pump 642
2.1 TRIZ Theory 642
2.2 Solution Design 643
2.2.1 Problem Description 643
2.2.2 Establishment of Technical Parameters and Seeking Solutions to Problems 644
2.2.3 Ultimate Solutions 644
3 Numerical Simulation of Flow Field in Nozzle 646
3.1 Problem Description 646
3.2 Numerical Model and Modeling Method 646
4 The Analysis and Discussion of the Results 647
4.1 The Formation of Two Phase Flow and Its Flow Field Analysis 647
4.2 The Effects of Changing Annular Gap’s Width on Formation of Core-Annular Flow 650
4.3 The Effects of Changing Shrinking Degree on Formation of Core-Annular Flow 652
5 Conclusions and Recommendations 653
Acknowledgements 654
References 654
45 A Novel Auto Design Method of Acoustic Filter Based on Genetic Programming 656
Abstract 656
1 Introduction 657
2 Theoretical Background 659
2.1 The Transfer Matrixes of Four Typical Acoustic Components 659
2.1.1 Straight Duct 659
2.1.2 Expansion Chamber 660
2.1.3 Helmholtz Resonator 661
2.1.4 Quarter Wave Resonators 662
2.2 The Transmission Loss (TL) of Acoustic Filter 663
3 Application of Genetic Programming in Acoustic Filter Design 664
3.1 Design of Function Sets and Terminal Sets 664
3.2 Representation of Acoustic Filter Individual 665
3.3 Generating of Initial Population 666
3.4 Calculation of Transmission Loss of Acoustic Filter Individuals 667
3.5 Fitness Evaluation 668
3.6 Selection 668
3.7 Genetic Manipulations 668
3.7.1 Reproduction 668
3.7.2 Crossover 669
3.7.3 Mutation 670
3.8 Over Design Procedure of Acoustic Filter Based on Genetic Programming 671
4 Case Study 673
4.1 Problem Definition 673
4.2 The Result of Evolution 675
4.3 Impact of the Level Limits 677
4.4 Impact of the Fitness Function Definition 678
5 Practical Designing 680
5.1 Problem Description 680
5.2 The Evolved Acoustic Filter Model 681
6 Conclusion 683
Acknowledgements 684
Appendix 684
References 684
46 A CAD Model Retrieval System Based on Design Intent 686
Abstract 686
1 Introduction 687
2 The CAD Model Retrieval Method Based on Design Intent 688
2.1 The Three Layers Framework 688
2.2 The Retrieval Mechanism 689
3 The Semantic Retrieval Algorithm 690
3.1 The Semantic Description System 690
3.2 Semantic Retrieval Algorithm 692
3.3 The Comparison Verification for the Retrieval Algorithm 695
4 The System Implementation 697
5 Conclusions 700
Acknowledgements 700
References 701
47 Improving Design Method of Loader Cockpit Through Ergonomics Simulation and Analysis 702
Abstract 702
1 Introduction 703
2 Present Design Method 703
2.1 Design Method Based on SAE Regulation 703
2.2 Shortcomings in the Existing Methods 704
3 Ergonomic Analysis Process 705
3.1 Related Works 705
3.2 Process of Ergonomic Analysis 706
3.3 Establishment of Virtual Human Body and Virtual Environment 706
3.4 Ergonomic Analysis of Loader Cockpit 707
3.5 Accessibility of Control Parts in the Cockpit 707
3.6 Operator’s Vision Field Analysis 709
3.7 Comfort Analysis of Operator’s Normal Manipulating Posture 710
4 Improve Design of Loader Cockpit 711
5 Conclusion and Future Works 713
Acknowledgements 714
References 714
48 A Rapid Design Method of Anti-deformation Fixture Layout for Thin-Walled Structures 716
Abstract 716
1 Introduction 717
2 Deformation Model of Thin-Walled Parts Based on Elastic Plate Theory 718
3 Constraints Construction in Positioning Process 721
4 Fixture Layout Design Based on HPSO 722
4.1 Objective Function of Proposed Method 722
4.2 Process of Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 723
5 Case Study 724
6 Conclusion 727
Acknowledgements 727
References 727
49 Study on Oil Pressure Characteristics and Trajectory Tracking Control in the Electro-hydraulic Servo System of a Torsional Isolator with Negative Stiffness Structures 729
Abstract 729
1 Introduction 730
2 Structure and Dynamic Models 731
2.1 Structure and Dynamic Model of Torsional Isolator with NSS 731
2.2 Dynamic Model of Negative Stiffness Structure 733
2.3 Dynamic Models of Electro Hydraulic Servo System 734
2.3.1 Flow Model of the Electro-hydraulic Servo Valve 734
2.3.2 Piston Motion Differential Equation 735
3 Design of Sliding Mode Variable Structure Controller 735
4 Results Analysis of Simulation 737
5 Conclusion 741
Acknowledgements 741
References 741
50 Study on Dynamic Stability of a Torsional Isolator with Negative Stiffness Structures 743
Abstract 743
1 Introduction 744
2 Model and Static Analysis 744
3 Dynamic Modeling 747
4 Stability and Bifurcation Analysis 748
4.1 Influence of Amplitude on Stability 748
4.2 Influence of Frequency on Stability 750
4.3 Influence of System Damping on Stability 752
5 Conclusions 755
Acknowledgements 756
References 756
51 Design and Research of a Late-Model Intelligent Speed Limit System 758
Abstract 758
1 Introduction 758
2 The Composition and Working Principles of the System 759
2.1 The Composition of the System 759
2.2 The Working Principles of the System 760
2.2.1 The Detection of Real-Time Speed 760
2.2.2 The Actuator 761
2.2.3 The Actuator of Speed Limit System Prototype 761
3 Control System Realization of Speed Limiting System 762
3.1 Software Programming of the Control System 762
3.2 Speed Control Task 762
3.3 The Velocity Measuring Technique 763
3.4 Control Strategy 764
4 Experimental Validity and Data Analysis 766
5 Conclusions 767
References 767
52 Shaft Torque Compensation for Electric Vehicle Driveline Oscillation Active Damping with Feedforward and PID Feedback Controller 769
Abstract 769
1 Introduction 770
2 Model of the Powertrain 771
3 Design of Minimal Order Observer 774
4 Control Algorithm Design 775
4.1 Feedforward Algorithm Design 775
4.2 Feedback Algorithm Design 777
5 Simulation Results 777
6 Conclusion 780
Acknowledgement 780
References 780
53 Functional Analysis Method for Dynamic Speed Ratio Control of CVT-Based Vehicles 782
Abstract 782
1 Introduction 782
2 Establishment of Objective Functional 784
2.1 Longitudinal Dynamics 784
2.2 Definition of Functional Argument 786
2.3 Derivation of Objective Functional 787
3 Genetic Algorithm and Numerical Solutions 788
3.1 Genetic Algorithms (GAs) 788
3.2 Numerical Solutions and Analysis 790
4 Results and Discussion 792
5 Conclusions 793
Acknowledgements 793
References 794
54 Vibration Characteristics of Truss Core Panels Based on Laser Additive Manufacturing 796
Abstract 796
1 Introduction 796
2 Study of the Test Specimen 797
2.1 Modal Test 797
2.2 Simulation 798
2.3 Comparison 798
3 Analysis of Different Cores 800
4 Conclusion 805
References 805
55 Comparative Study on Parameter Estimation Methods for Multi-fidelity Co-kriging Modeling 806
Abstract 806
1 Introduction 807
2 Review on Hierarchical Multi-level Co-kriging Modeling 808
3 Parameter Estimation with the Unified Method 810
4 Comparative Study 814
4.1 Numerical Example 1 814
4.2 Numerical Example 2 817
4.3 Numerical Example 3 821
4.4 Aerodynamic Modeling of Wrap-Around Fin 824
5 Conclusions 826
References 826
56 The Design and Research of the Pole Damage Prevention Device of Distribution Lines in Meteorological Disasters 828
Abstract 828
1 Introduction 828
2 Force Situation of Pole Suspension Point 829
3 The Broken Model of the Line Unit in Meteorological Disasters 833
4 The Design and Research of the Pole Damage Prevention Device of Distribution Lines in Meteorological Disasters 835
4.1 The General Design of Device 835
4.2 The Stress Analysis of the Core Parts 836
4.3 Performance Experiment Research of Device 837
4.4 Wind Tunnel Experiment of Device 839
5 Conclusions 841
References 842
57 Research on Structure Optimization of Longitudinal Feed System Design of CNC Spinning Machine 844
Abstract 844
1 Introduction 845
2 Working Principle and Force Analysis of CNC Spinning Machine 846
2.1 Structure and Working Principle of CNC Spinning Machine 846
2.2 Force Analysis of the Carriage 847
2.3 Force Analysis of the Headstock 849
3 Static and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of CNC Spinning Machine 850
3.1 The Model of the Whole Machine 850
3.2 Static Characteristic Analysis 851
3.3 Modal Analysis 851
3.4 Determination of Machine Tool Optimization Objective 852
4 Optimization Design of Longitudinal Feed System of CNC Spinning Machine 854
4.1 Optimization Model of Longitudinal Feed System 854
4.2 Static Characteristic Analysis 854
4.3 Modal Analysis 854
4.4 Optimization Results Certification Analysis 856
5 Optimization Design of the Carriage 857
5.1 Topology Optimization 857
5.2 Shape Optimization 858
5.3 Optimization Results Identification 859
6 Optimization Results Verification of the Whole Machine 859
6.1 The Machine Verification After Optimization of Longitudinal Feed System 859
6.2 The Machine Verification After Optimization of the Carriage 860
7 Conclusions 860
References 861
58 Modeling and Simulation of Hoist Rope for Excavator Based on Virtual Prototype 863
Abstract 863
1 Introduction 863
2 The System Composition and Simulation Process 864
2.1 The Components of the Excavator 864
2.2 Simulation Process of Virtual Prototype Technology 865
3 The Modeling Methods of Hoist Rope 867
3.1 Establishment the Hoist Rope with Macro Command Method 867
3.1.1 Establishment of the Discrete Body 868
3.1.2 Apply a “Bushing” Between Each Discrete Body 868
3.1.3 Adjustment of Hoist Rope Direction and Addition of Contact Force 869
3.2 Establishment the Hoist Rope with Adams/Cable Module 870
4 Software Implement 870
4.1 Establishment the Hoist Rope with Adams/Cable Module 870
4.2 The Parameters Setting 871
4.3 Analysis of the Results 872
5 Conclusions 876
Acknowledgements 876
References 876
59 Experimental Research on Particle Damper with Viscoelastic Coating 878
Abstract 878
1 Preface 878
2 The Proposition of New Particles 879
3 Experimental Equipment and Scheme 880
3.1 Experimental Equipment 880
3.2 Preparation of Viscoelastic Coated Steel Ball Particles 881
3.3 Experimental Program 882
4 Modal Analysis of Cantilever Beam 882
4.1 Analysis Results of Cantilever Modal Software 882
4.2 Cantilever Beam Modal Test 883
5 Experimental Result and Analysis 884
5.1 Experimental Results 884
5.2 Analysis of Results 885
6 Conclusions 885
References 886
60 Dynamics Simulation of Hydraulic Excavator Working Device Based on ADAMS 887
Abstract 887
1 Introduction 887
2 Virtual Prototype Model for Hydraulic Excavator 888
3 Validation of the Virtual Prototype Model 889
3.1 Verification of Operation Dimension 889
3.2 Verification of Hinge Point Force Under a Fixed Posture 891
4 Hydraulic Excavator Dynamics Simulation 894
4.1 Theory Digging Resistance of Hydraulic Excavator 894
4.2 Dynamic Simulation 894
5 Summary 895
Acknowledgements 896
References 896
61 Numerical Simulation and Wind Tunnel Test Validation of the Aerodynamic Brake Panel 898
Abstract 898
1 Introduction 898
2 Principle of Aerodynamic Brake 899
3 Numerical Simulation Calculation 900
3.1 Mathematical Model 900
3.2 Simulation Model 901
3.3 The Set of Computational Domain 902
3.4 Boundary Conditions 902
3.5 Mesh Setting 903
4 Wind Tunnel Test 903
5 Result Comparison Between Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Simulation 904
5.1 Comparison of Aerodynamic Resistance Force 904
5.2 Comparison of Pressure Distribution on the Windward Side of the Brake Panel 905
6 Conclusions 907
Acknowledgements 907
References 907
62 Investigation on the Optimal Energy Recovery System for the Military Hybrid Vehicle Based upon the Comprehensive Evaluation Method 909
Abstract 909
1 Introduction 910
2 Energy Recovery System 911
3 Comprehensive Evaluation Method 914
4 Questionnaires 916
5 Results and Discussions 917
6 Conclusions 918
Acknowledgement 919
References 919
63 Formation Mechanism of Micro-vibration in Aerostatic Bearing Used in Miniature Aircraft Engine 922
Abstract 922
1 Introduction 923
2 Analysis and Control Equation of Micro-vibration of Gas Film 924
3 Numerical Simulation Analysis 930
4 Experimental Analysis and Validation 933
4.1 Experimental Principle and Device 933
4.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 934
5 Conclusion 936
References 936
64 Static and Dynamic Deformation Analysis and Optimization of a Fine Blanking Press Frame 938
Abstract 938
1 Introduction 938
2 Analysis of the Frame 940
2.1 Frame Structure Model and Mesh 940
2.2 Stress and Strain Analysis of the Frame Under Uniform Load 941
2.3 Stress and Strain Analysis of the Frame Under Eccentric Load 942
2.4 Results of the Frame Analysis 945
3 Analysis and Structural Improvement of the Side Plate 946
3.1 Structure and Mesh of the Side Plate 946
3.2 Stress and Strain Analysis of the Side Plate 946
3.3 Structural Improvement and Stress Analysis of the Side Plate 947
3.4 Analysis Results of the Side Plate 949
4 Modal Analysis and Life Evaluation of the Frame 950
4.1 Modal Analysis of the Frame 950
4.2 Life Evaluation of the Frame 950
5 Conclusions 951
Acknowledgements 952
References 952
65 Research Status and Development Trend of the Contact Vibration Small Berry Harvester 954
Abstract 954
1 Introduction 955
2 Contact Vibration Harvesting Mechanism 955
3 Research Status of Contact Vibration Type Harvester 956
3.1 Different Forms of Small Berry Harvesting Machine 957
3.1.1 Rotating Vibration Type Harvesting Machine 957
3.1.2 Oscillating Vibration Type Harvesting Machine 960
3.1.3 Traction Type Harvesting Machine 961
3.1.4 Self-propelled Type Harvesting Machine 962
3.2 The Problems Faced by the Development of Small Berry Harvesting Machine 963
4 Research Prospects 966
5 Conclusion 967
Acknowledgements 967
References 967
66 Research on the Impact Characteristics of Cylinder Based on Integrated Analysis Methods 970
Abstract 970
1 Introduction 971
2 Theoretical Analysis of the Impact Characteristics of the Cylinder 972
2.1 Basic Equation of the Impact Process of Cylinder 973
2.2 Simulation Analysis of the Impact Process of Cylinder Based on Mathematical Model 975
3 Experimental Analysis of the Impact Characteristics of the Cylinder 979
3.1 Hardware Design of the Test of the Impact Characteristic of Cylinder 979
3.2 Software Design of the Impact Characteristic Test of the Cylinder 982
3.3 Impact Characteristics Analysis of the Cylinder Based on Test Data 983
4 Analysis of Dynamic Simulation of Impact Characteristics of the Cylinder 985
4.1 Simulation Model of the Impact Characteristics of the Cylinder 985
4.2 Analysis of Cylinder’s Impact Characteristics Based on Simulation Data 989
5 Integrated Analysis of the Impact Characteristics of Cylinder 992
5.1 Comparison of Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Analysis of the Impact Characteristics of Cylinder 992
5.2 Comparison of Theoretical Analysis and Dynamic Simulation Analysis of the Impact Characteristics of Cylinder 993
5.3 Integrated Analysis Methods of the Impact Characteristics of Cylinder Based on Theory Analysis-Experimental Analysis-Dynamics Simulation Analysis 995
6 Conclusions 995
Acknowledgements 996
References 996
67 Co-simulation and Analysis of Radar Skeleton Based on ANSYS and ADAMS 998
Abstract 998
1 Introduction 999
2 Structure Analysis of Radar Skeleton Deployment Mechanism 999
3 Joint Simulation of Radar Antenna Frame 1001
3.1 Dynamics Simulation of Radar Skeleton 1001
3.2 Finite Element Analysis of Lead Screw 1005
4 Position Optimal Design of Radar Skeleton Locating Detents 1007
5 Conclusion 1008
References 1008
68 Simulation Research on Tool Temperature Field in High Speed Inner Cooling Milling 1010
Abstract 1010
1 Introduction 1010
2 Simulation 1011
2.1 Computational Models 1012
2.1.1 3D Geometry Model of the Milling Cutter 1012
2.1.2 High Speed Milling Simulation Model 1012
2.1.3 Calculation of the Coefficient of Convective Heat Transfer 1012
2.2 Simulation Results Analysis 1014
3 High-Speed Inner Cooling Milling Experiment 1016
3.1 Experimental Equipment and Experimental Conditions 1016
3.2 Surface Damage Morphology of High-Speed Inner Cooling Milling Tool 1017
4 Conclusions 1018
Acknowledgements 1019
References 1019
69 Effects of the Novel Flow Field Design on the DMFC Performance 1021
Abstract 1021
1 Introduction 1021
2 Experiments 1022
3 Results and Discussion 1025
4 Conclusions 1027
Acknowledgements 1027
References 1027
70 Research on Simple Calibration and Compensation of a Robot System Used in Machining 1028
Abstract 1028
1 Introduction 1028
2 The Structure and Errors of the Robot 1030
2.1 Kinematic Model 1030
2.2 Equations 1031
2.2.1 Error Analysis of Cartesian Robot 1031
2.2.2 Error Analysis of Turntable 1033
3 Simple Calibration of Structure Parameter 1034
3.1 Calibration of Vertical Errors in Cartesian Robot 1034
3.2 Position and Pose Calibration of Rotational Axes 1035
3.3 Compensation of Structure Parameter Error 1036
4 Calibration Based on Laser Tracker 1037
4.1 Calibration of Cartesian Robot 1037
4.2 Coordinate Transformation from Laser Tracker to Robot System 1038
5 Calibration Experience 1039
5.1 Simple Calibration Experience 1039
5.2 Calibration Experience with Laser Tracker 1039
6 Verification Experience of Compensation Result 1040
6.1 Experiment Process 1041
6.2 Result and Analysis 1041
7 Conclusion 1043
Acknowledgements 1043
References 1044
71 Kinematics and Dynamics of Excavator Based on Screw Theory 1045
Abstract 1045
1 Introduction 1045
2 Kinematics of a Hydraulic Excavator Based on Screw Theory 1046
2.1 Forward Kinematic Equations 1047
2.2 Inverse Kinematic Equations 1048
3 Differential Kinematics of the Hydraulic Excavator Based on Screw Theory 1050
3.1 The Analysis of Forward Velocity Based on Screw Theory 1050
3.2 The Analysis of Inverse Velocity Based on Screw Theory 1052
4 Dynamics of a Hydraulic Excavator Based on Screw Theory 1054
5 Conclusions 1058
References 1059
72 Development of an In-Pipe Robot with a Novel Differential Mechanism 1060
Abstract 1060
1 Introduction 1061
2 Overview of NIRVANA 1062
3 Details of Mechanisms in NIRVANA 1063
3.1 Four-Axial Differential Mechanism 1063
3.2 Diameter Adaptive Mechanism 1064
3.3 Active Steering Mechanism 1066
3.4 Brake Mechanism 1066
3.5 Elastic Support Mechanism 1067
4 Steering Trajectory Planning of the Robot Turning in a Branch 1069
5 Virtual Experiment on Characteristics of NIRVANA 1070
5.1 Verification Experiment on Mechanical Model of Pipe Diameter Adaptive Mechanism 1071
5.2 Experiment on Differential Characteristic of NIRVANA 1071
5.3 Experiment on Driving Through a Branch Pipe 1073
6 Conclusions 1076
References 1076
73 Design of a 5R Mechanism in Confined Space Based on Reducing the Dimension of the Configuration Manifold 1079
Abstract 1079
1 Introduction 1080
2 Mechanism Design in Workspace 1080
2.1 The Design of 4R Mechanism ABCE 1081
2.2 The Design of 4R Mechanism BCDE 1082
2.3 The Design of 4R Mechanism ABDE 1082
2.4 The 5R Mechanism and Its Workspace 1082
3 Inverse Kinematic Analysis in Joint Space 1083
3.1 The Boundary of the Joint Space 1083
3.2 Analytical Inverse Solution of the 5R Mechanism 1084
3.3 Inverse Solutions for Special Points 1086
4 Conclusions 1088
Acknowledgement 1088
References 1088
74 On the Design and Experiments of Rotation-Traction Manipulation Training Robot 1090
Abstract 1090
1 Introduction 1090
2 RT Manipulation Training Robot 1091
3 Design and Analysis of the Robot’s Neck Part 1093
4 Design and Analysis of Spine Part 1097
5 Experimental Verification and Analysis 1099
6 Conclusions 1101
Acknowledgements 1102
References 1102
75 Design and Impedance Control of the Integrated Rotary Compliant Joint 1103
Abstract 1103
1 Introduction 1104
2 The Mechanism of the Compliant Joint 1105
2.1 Structural Design 1105
2.2 The Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) 1106
2.3 Variable Stiffness Model 1107
3 Impedance Control for the Integrated Rotary Compliant Joint 1109
3.1 Dynamic Model of the Compliant Joint 1109
3.2 Impedance Control 1110
3.3 Simulation of the Impedance Control 1112
4 Experimental Evaluation 1113
4.1 Stiffness Calibration 1114
4.2 Collision Safety Experiment 1114
5 Conclusions 1116
Acknowledgements 1117
References 1117
76 An Extended Application of NURBS for Robot Motion Planning 1119
Abstract 1119
1 Introduction 1120
2 A United Solution Framework of Motion Design Considering Constraints of Different Orders 1123
2.1 Task Specification 1123
2.1.1 Position Concerned 1123
2.1.2 Orientation Concerned 1123
2.1.3 The United Expression 1126
2.2 Spatial Motion Path Model Based on Time-Variant NURBS 1126
2.2.1 Pose Interpolation Equation 1127
2.2.2 Velocity Interpolation Equation 1128
2.2.3 Acceleration Interpolation Equation 1128
2.3 Solution to Shape-Arbitrarily Motion Path 1128
2.3.1 The Proper Degree of Motion Curve 1129
2.3.2 Parameterization and Determination of Knot Vector 1130
2.3.3 Determination of Weight 1130
2.4 Solution to Shape-Certainly Motion Path 1131
2.4.1 Pose Specified 1132
2.4.2 Velocity Specified 1132
2.4.3 Acceleration Specified 1132
3 Case Studies 1133
3.1 Servo Stamping Motion Planning Case 1133
3.2 Case for Orientation Dependent on Position 1134
3.2.1 Motion Planning of the Circles Using the Solution to Shape-Certainly Motion Path 1136
3.2.2 Motion Planning of the Transition Curves Using the Solution to Shape-Arbitrarily Motion Path 1139
3.3 Case for Orientation Independent on Position 1142
4 Conclusions 1145
Acknowledgements 1145
References 1145
77 An Efficient Approach for Collision-Free Trajectory Planning Using Adaptive Velocity Vector Field Algorithm 1147
Abstract 1147
1 Introduction 1148
2 Algorithm Overview 1150
2.1 Building Models Using Swept Sphere Volumes 1150
2.2 Collision-Free Trajectory Planning Algorithm 1152
3 Adaptive VVF Algorithm 1154
3.1 Modifying the VVF Algorithm 1154
3.2 Optimizing He Modified VVF Algorithm Using VSC Method 1157
4 Implementation and Experimental Results 1161
4.1 Avoiding Three Static Obstacles 1161
4.2 Avoiding Moving Obstacles 1163
5 Conclusions 1166
Acknowledgements 1166
References 1166
78 A Novel Robot Trajectory Planning Algorithm Based on NURBS Velocity Adaptive Interpolation 1169
Abstract 1169
1 Introduction 1170
2 NURBS and Curve Interpolation 1172
2.1 Definition of NURBS 1172
2.2 Calculation of Control Points 1173
2.3 Analysis of Trajectory Interpolation 1175
3 Velocity Adaptive Interpolation Algorithm 1175
3.1 Chord Error 1176
3.2 Design of Trajectory Planning Interpolator 1177
4 Experiment Verification 1179
5 Conclusions 1183
References 1184
79 Tensor Method for Mechanism Motion Analysis 1187
Abstract 1187
1 Introduction 1187
2 Establishment of Dual Coordinate System of Screw Space and Its Subspaces 1188
3 The Jacobian Matrix of Parallel Mechanism and Hybrid Mechanism 1192
4 Kinematics Analysis of a Hybrid Leg Mechanism and Its Equivalent Mechanism 1193
5 Conclusions 1201
Acknowledgements 1201
References 1201
80 Study on Gait Planning and Simulation of a Novel Hybrid Quadruped Robot 1203
Abstract 1203
1 Introduction 1204
2 Brief Introduction of Robot Mechanism 1205
3 The Establishment of Machine Kinematics Model 1206
4 Gait Planning of Walk Gait 1209
4.1 The Description of Walk Gait 1209
4.2 Solution of Driving Curve 1210
5 Simulation Experimental Study 1213
6 Conclusion 1215
Acknowledgements 1216
References 1216
81 Closed-Loop Inverse Kinematic Analysis of Redundant Manipulators with Joint Limits 1218
Abstract 1218
1 Introduction 1218
2 Description and Forward Kinematics of the Earthquake Rescue Robot 1219
3 Optimized Inverse Kinematics in Velocity Level 1221
3.1 Consideration of Singularity 1222
3.2 Null Space Optimization 1223
3.3 Closed Loop Inverse Kinematics 1224
4 Simulation and Experiments 1225
4.1 Simulation 1226
4.2 Experiment 1228
4.2.1 Motion Performance in Joint Space 1229
4.2.2 Motion Performance in Task Space 1230
5 Conclusion 1231
Acknowledgements 1231
References 1231
82 Structure Design and Positive Kinematics Analysis of Medical Pneumatic Soft Robot 1233
Abstract 1233
1 Introduction 1234
2 Structure Design of Medical Pneumatic Soft Robot 1235
2.1 The Pneumatic Bending System of the Medical Pneumatic Soft Robot 1235
2.1.1 Soft Tube a with Pneumatic Channel 1236
2.1.2 Mark String Holes Tube B 1237
2.1.3 The Solid Tube C 1238
2.2 Pneumatic Drive Systems of Medical Pneumatic Soft Robot 1239
2.2.1 Provide Drive to Pull and Rotate the Tube B During the Drive and to Drive All the Pneumatic Bending System into the Patient’s Colon 1239
2.2.2 Provide Air Pressure of the Mechanical Drive System 1240
3 Positive Kinematics Analysis of Medical Pneumatic Soft 1240
4 Conclusions 1246
Acknowledgements 1247
References 1247
83 Super Harmonic Resonance Analysis of a Novel Controllable Metamorphic Palletizing Robot Mechanism with Impact as Its Configuration Change 1248
Abstract 1248
1 Introduction 1249
2 Design and Modeling of the Mechanism 1250
2.1 Design of the Mechanism 1250
2.2 Dynamic Model of the Mechanism 1250
2.3 Forces Analysis Under Changing Configuration 1252
3 Super Harmonic Resonance Analysis 1253
4 Simulation Analyses 1259
4.1 Mesh Finite Element 1259
4.2 Parameter of the System 1260
4.3 Simulation Results 1260
5 Conclusions 1262
Acknowledgements 1263
References 1263
84 Design and Analysis of a Compliant Parallel Polishing Toolhead 1265
Abstract 1265
1 Introduction 1265
2 Configuration of the Compliant Parallel Tool 1267
3 Design of the Compliant Parallel Tool 1268
3.1 Kinematic Analysis of the 3RPS Mechanism 1268
3.2 Optimal Design of the 3RPS Mechanism 1270
4 Polishing Force Control 1271
5 Trajectory Comparing 1277
6 Conclusions 1279
Acknowledgements 1280
References 1280
85 Kinematics and Performance Analysis of Two Types of 3-RPS Parallel Mechanisms 1282
Abstract 1282
1 Introduction 1282
2 Theoretical Base of the Screw Theory 1284
2.1 Unit Screw 1284
2.2 Reciprocal Screws 1285
3 Kinematics Analysis of 3-RPS Parallel Mechanism 1285
3.1 The First Type of 3-RPS Parallel Mechanism 1285
3.2 The Second Type of 3-RPS Type Parallel Mechanism 1289
4 Numerical Calculation 1290
5 Conclusion 1293
Acknowledgements 1293
References 1293
86 An Alternative Inverse Kinematics Position Analysis for the Control of Welding Robot 1295
Abstract 1295
1 Introduction 1296
2 Robot Kinematics Model 1297
3 Inverse Kinematics Analysis 1300
4 Calculation and Selection of Joint Values During a Trajectory 1307
5 Control Functions of Robot 1309
6 Conclusions 1311
Acknowledgements 1311
References 1311
87 A Hybrid Optimization Method of Dimensions for the Tricept Parallel Robot 1314
Abstract 1314
1 Introduction 1315
2 Hybrid Optimization Method 1317
3 Tricept Parallel Robot 1318
3.1 Kinematics 1318
3.2 A Given Workspace 1319
3.3 Stiffness 1321
3.4 Optimization Parameters 1323
4 Atlas Method and PSO Technique 1324
4.1 Atlas Method 1324
4.2 PSO Technique 1326
5 Discussion and Result 1327
6 Verification 1330
7 Conclusion 1331
Acknowledgements 1332
Appendix 1332
References 1334
88 Design and Simulation Analysis of Cam-Type Parallel Manipulator 1336
Abstract 1336
1 Introduction 1336
2 Manipulator Design 1337
2.1 Manipulator Design A 1337
2.2 Manipulator Design B 1338
2.3 Manipulator Design C 1338
2.4 Manipulator Design D 1339
2.5 Manipulator Program Comparison 1340
3 Parametric Modeling of Actual Cams and Acquisition of Machining Data 1341
3.1 The Establishment of the Actual Cam Model 1341
3.2 Processing Data and Profiling Data Acquisition 1342
4 Robot Virtual Prototype Simulation 1343
5 Conclusion 1346
Acknowledgments 1346
References 1346
89 Position and Workspace Analysis of a Novel 4-DOF Parallel Mechanism Using a Computer Aided Geometry Approach 1348
Abstract 1348
1 Introduction 1348
2 Mechanism Motion Simulation and Constraint Model 1350
2.1 Reverse Solution of Position 1351
2.2 Positive Solution of Position 1352
2.3 The Results Verification of Positive Solution of Position of the Simulation Mechanism by Analytical Equations 1354
3 The Workspace Analysis for 2UPU/2SPS Parallel Mechanism 1355
3.1 The Boundary Surface of Workspace Is Drawn with Computer Aided Geometric Approach 1355
3.2 The Boundary Surface of Workspace Is Analysed with Analysis Methods 1357
4 Conclusion 1357
Acknowledgments 1358
References 1358
90 Modal Optimization Analysis of Large-Scale Modular Deployable Structure for SAR 1360
Abstract 1360
1 Introduction 1361
2 Parameter Optimization 1361
2.1 Optimization Method 1361
2.2 Analysis of Hinge Rigidity and Sensitivity 1362
2.3 Sensitivity Analysis for the Sectional Parameters of Rods 1363
2.4 Analysis of the Parameters of Optimized Structure I and Its Modal 1365
2.5 Modal Analysis for the Optimized Structure II 1366
2.6 Modal Analysis for the Optimized Structure III 1367
3 Conclusions 1370
References 1371
91 Forward Kinematics Analysis of the Gough-Stewart Platform Using Orthogonal Complement Method 1372
Abstract 1372
1 Introduction 1372
2 General Formulation and Basic Definitions 1374
2.1 Rotation Matrix 1374
2.2 Kinematics Constraint Equation 1376
3 Coupling Relationships of the Position and Orientation Variables 1377
3.1 Compatible Algebra Equations 1378
3.2 Expended Compatible Algebra Equations 1379
4 Process of Elimination 1380
4.1 Orthogonal Complement Method 1380
4.2 Other Variables 1382
5 Numerical Example 1382
6 Conclusions 1383
Acknowledgements 1386
References 1386
92 Energy Dissipation Analysis of Two Particles with Different Volume Under Fixed Mass 1388
Abstract 1388
1 Preface 1389
2 Two-Particle Collision Theory Analysis 1390
3 Energy Analysis of Particle Collision Simulation Based on LS—DYNA Finite Element Software 1394
4 Particle Dampers Cantilever Beam Experiments 1397
5 Conclusions 1399
Acknowledgements 1399
References 1400
93 Identification of States and Their Sequences in the Function Execution Process of Electromechanical Systems 1401
Abstract 1401
1 Introduction 1402
2 Representation of Function Structure and Behaviors 1402
3 Quantitative Precedence Relations Between Behaviors 1404
4 Behavior Flow Networks and State Transition Networks 1405
5 Case Study 1406
6 Conclusions 1408
Acknowledgements 1408
References 1409
94 A Classification Method for Abnormal Patterns of Complex Electromechanical System for Discriminant Analysis Nuclear Entropy 1410
Abstract 1410
1 Introduction 1411
2 Discriminant Analysis of Nuclear Entropy 1412
2.1 Nuclear Entropy Component Analysis 1412
2.2 Adaptive Parameter Selection 1413
3 Improved KECA Method 1414
3.1 Information Entropy 1414
3.2 Algorithm’s Improvements 1416
3.3 KEDA Algorithm Calculation Process 1416
4 Examples and Discussion 1417
5 Conclusion 1419
Acknowledgements 1419
References 1419
95 Heat Transfer and Leakage Analysis for R410A Refrigeration Scroll Compressor 1421
Abstract 1421
1 Introduction 1421
2 Mathematical Modeling 1423
2.1 Geometric Model 1423
2.2 Compression Process 1424
2.2.1 Assumptions 1424
2.2.2 Basic Equation 1424
2.3 Heat Transfer Model 1426
2.3.1 The Mass Flow of Suction Gas 1426
2.3.2 Heat Transfer Model 1427
Heat Transfer for Suction Gas 1427
Convective Heat Transfer with Scrolls 1427
2.4 Leakage Model 1428
3 Results and Discussion 1430
4 Conclusions 1435
Acknowledgements 1436
References 1436
96 The Performance Analysis of Anti-rolling Torsion Bar of High-Speed Train 1438
Abstract 1438
1 Introduction 1438
2 The Installation Site and Performance Requirement of Anti-rolling Torsion Bar 1439
2.1 The System Components and Their Modes of the Anti-rolling Torsion Bar 1439
2.2 The Torsion Bar and Torsion Beam 1440
3 The Vertical Force of the Anti-rolling Torsion Bar 1440
3.1 The Maximum Vertical Force 1440
3.2 The Normal Fatigue Load 1441
4 Finite Element Analysis of Anti-roll Torsion Bar System 1442
4.1 Strength Analysis of Anti-rolling Torsion Bar 1442
4.2 Strength Analysis of Torsion Arm 1443
4.3 Analysis of Minimum Interference Fit of Anti-rolling Torsion Bar and Torsion Arm 1444
4.4 Model Analysis of Anti-rolling Torsion Bar 1445
5 Conclusions 1449
Acknowledgements 1449
References 1449
97 Strength Analysis of EMU Wheels 1450
Abstract 1450
1 Introduction 1450
2 Wheels-Set Model 1451
3 The Modeling of Finite Elements 1451
4 Different Loading Conditions 1452
4.1 Stress Analysis of Straight, Bend and Turnout Track 1453
5 Modal Analysis of Wheels 1455
5.1 Modal Analysis Model 1455
5.2 The Calculation Results of the Natural Vibration Characteristics of the Wheel Structure 1455
5.3 Analysis of Free Modal 1457
6 Conclusions 1459
Acknowledgements 1459
References 1459
98 Fatigue Performance Analysis of Titanium Alloy Welded Joints Based on Rough Set 1461
Abstract 1461
1 Introduction 1462
2 Basic Concepts 1463
3 Rough Set Model for Fatigue Performance Analysis 1465
4 Experiments 1466
4.1 Data Acquisition 1467
4.2 Data Preprocessing 1467
4.3 Model Reduction 1468
4.4 Model Reasoning 1471
4.5 Experiment Results Analysis 1472
5 Conclusions 1473
Acknowledgements 1474
References 1474
99 Effects of Bolt Misalignment on Stress Around Plate Hole 1476
Abstract 1476
1 Introduction 1476
2 Model Description 1478
2.1 Geometry of Specimen 1478
2.2 Coordinate Model of Bolt Hole 1479
3 Finite Element Model 1480
4 Analytical Method 1483
5 Result Analysis 1484
5.1 Alignment of Bolt and Hole 1484
5.2 Misalignment of Bolt and Hole 1485
5.3 Relation of Stress Magnitude and Bolt Location 1487
6 Conclusions 1488
Acknowledgements 1488
References 1488
100 Reliability Analysis of Multi-rotor UAV Based on Fault Tree and Monte Carlo Simulation 1490
Abstract 1490
1 Introduction 1490
2 The Fault Tree Model for Four-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System 1492
2.1 Structure Composition 1492
2.2 Fault Tree Model 1492
3 Monte Carlo Simulation Based on Fault Tree 1494
3.1 Basic Principles 1494
3.2 Reliability Evaluation Index 1494
3.3 Reliability Simulation Analysis 1496
4 Simulation Results Analysis 1497
5 Conclusions 1498
References 1498
101 Study on High Temperature Friction and Wear Characteristics of 4Cr9Si2 Valve Steel 1500
Abstract 1500
1 Introduction 1500
2 Experimental Part 1501
2.1 Preparation of Materials 1501
2.2 High Temperature End Face Friction and Wear Test and Performance Test 1502
3 Results and Discussion 1504
3.1 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature and at High Temperature 1504
3.2 Friction and Wear Performance 1504
3.3 Friction Morphology and Wear Mechanism 1505
3.3.1 Low Temperature Friction and Wear 1505
3.3.2 Medium Temperature Friction and Wear 1506
3.3.3 High Temperature Friction and Wear 1508
4 Conclusion 1510
References 1510
102 Study on Multi Wire Grinding of Super-Hard Materials 1512
Abstract 1512
1 Introduction 1512
2 Introduction of Multi Wire Grinding Process 1513
2.1 Structure of Machining System 1513
2.2 Diamond-Coated Wire 1514
2.3 Reciprocating Machining Process of Multi Wire Grinding 1515
2.4 Advantages of Multi Wire Grinding 1515
3 Mechanical Analysis of Diamond Wire in Multi Wire Grinding 1516
3.1 Empirical Formula for Grinding of Engineering Ceramics 1516
3.2 Force Analysis of Single Grain 1518
3.3 Force Analysis of Diamond Wire 1518
3.4 Stress Check of Diamond Wire 1520
4 Finite Element Simulation of Contact Wheel 1521
5 Conclusions 1523
References 1524
103 An Ultra-Fast and Large-Scale Fabrication Method for Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips 1525
Abstract 1525
1 Introduction 1526
2 Materials and Chips 1527
2.1 Materials 1527
2.2 Chip Design 1527
2.3 Fabrication 1528
3 Experimental Set-up 1530
3.1 Hardware 1530
3.2 Image Processing App 1530
4 Results and Discussion 1531
4.1 Hydrophobicity Tests 1531
4.2 Colorimetric Assays 1532
5 Conclusions 1534
Acknowledgements 1534
References 1534
104 The Research on Magnetic Fluid Shaft Sealing for Chemical Reactor 1537
Abstract 1537
1 Introduction 1538
2 Theory and Analysis of MF Seal 1539
2.1 The Mechanism and Characteristics of MF Seal 1539
2.2 Zero-Leakage Analysis of MF Seal 1541
3 Design and Assembly of MF Seal Device in Reactor 1543
4 Experimental Research and Structure Optimization of MF Seal in Reactor 1545
4.1 Static Sealing Experiment 1546
4.2 Dynamic Sealing Experiment 1546
5 Results and Discussions 1548
5.1 Results and Discussions on Different Magnetic Fluids 1548
5.2 Results and Discussions on Different Magnetic Source Structures 1550
5.3 Optimizations of Sealing Structure 1551
6 Conclusions 1553
Acknowledgements 1553
References 1554
105 Impact Evaluation Approach of a Texture Cross Section Shape on Hydrodynamic Lubrication Performance 1556
Abstract 1556
1 Introduction 1557
2 Models 1559
2.1 Physical Model 1559
2.2 Mathematical Model 1559
2.3 Simulating Calculation 1560
3 Results and Discussion 1564
4 Conclusions 1572
Acknowledgements 1572
References 1572
106 Parametric Analysis Method for Acoustic Emission Test of High Pressure Gas Cylinder Materials 1575
Abstract 1575
1 Introduction 1575
2 Parameter Analysis Method of Acoustic Emission Signals 1576
3 Acoustic Emission Test 1577
3.1 Sample Size 1577
3.2 Acoustic Emission Signal Characteristics of Different Gap Samples 1578
4 Conclusions 1581
References 1582
107 Simulation Analysis of Influences of Protrusion in Precision Machined Texture on Hydrodynamic Lubrication Performance 1583
Abstract 1583
1 Introduction 1584
2 Analytical Model 1586
3 Results and Discussion 1588
3.1 Effect of Protrusions in Dimple on Hydrodynamic Lubrication Performance 1588
3.2 Influence Rules of Protrusion Parameters on Hydrodynamic Lubrication Performance 1590
4 Conclusions 1593
Acknowledgements 1594
References 1594
108 Analysis and Testing on Material Removal Mechanism on Ultrasonic Composite Electrochemical Machining 1597
Abstract 1597
1 Introduction 1597
2 The Model of Material Removal Rate on Ultrasonic Machining 1598
2.1 Material Removal Mechanism of Ultrasonic Machining 1598
2.2 Develop a Material Removal Model 1598
3 The Model of Material Removal Rate on Electrochemical Machining 1600
4 The Model of Material Removal Rate on Ultrasonic Composite Electrochemical Machining 1601
5 Testing and Analysis of Efficiency of Material Removal on Ultrasonic Composite Electrochemical Machining 1602
5.1 Testing of Single Ultrasonic Machining 1602
5.2 Testing of Ultrasound Composite Electrochemical Machining 1603
5.2.1 Pulse Width Influence on Efficiency of Composite Machining 1603
5.2.2 Mass Fraction of Electrolyte Influence on Efficiency of Composite Machining 1604
5.2.3 Voltage Influence on Efficiency of Composite Machining 1604
5.3 Testing Comparison Between Single Ultrasonic and Ultrasonic Composite Electrochemical Machining 1605
6 Conclusion 1607
Acknowledgments 1607
References 1607
109 Property Analysis and Manufacturing Technology Study About the Micro-structures Stored Oil on Friction Units’ Surface 1609
Abstract 1609
1 Introduction 1609
2 Tribological Properties Analyses 1611
3 Micro Protrudes and Pits’ Manufacturing 1612
4 Friction Test 1617
5 Conclusions 1619
Acknowledgements 1619
References 1619
110 Friction and Wear Properties of Al2O3/TiC/CaF2@Al2O3 Self-lubrication Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials 1621
Abstract 1621
1 Introduction 1622
2 Experimental Procedure 1623
2.1 Preparation of Tool Materials 1623
2.2 Experimental Method 1623
3 Results and Discussion 1624
3.1 The Influence of CaF2@Al2O3 Content on Friction Coefficient 1624
3.2 The Influence of CaF2@Al2O3 Content on Wear Rate 1624
3.3 The Influence of CaF2@Al2O3 Content on Surface Morphology 1625
3.4 Phase Analysis 1625
3.5 Analysis of Antifriction and Wear Resistance Mechanism 1627
4 Conclusions 1629
Acknowledgements 1629
References 1629
111 Reliability-Based Robust Optimal Design of Structures with Variable Cross-Section 1632
Abstract 1632
1 Introduction 1632
2 Reliability with Normal Distribution 1634
3 Reliability Sensitivity Analysis 1635
3.1 Reliability Sensitivity to Mean Value of Random Vector 1635
3.2 Mechanism of the Exoskeleton Arm 1636
4 Reliability-Based Robust Optimal Design 1637
5 Example 1638
5.1 Results of Reliability Analysis 1639
5.2 Reliability Sensitivity for the Mean Value and the Standard-Deviation of Random Vector Before Optimization 1640
5.3 Liability-Based Robust Design at Dangerous Section 1640
5.3.1 Determine the Design Variables 1640
5.3.2 Define Target Function 1641
5.3.3 Constraint Condition 1641
5.3.4 Reliability-Based Robust Optimal Design 1641
5.4 Reliability Sensitivity for the Mean Value and the Standard-Deviation of Random Vector After Optimization 1642
6 Conclusions 1643
Acknowledgments 1644
Appendix 1644
References 1645
112 Supervised Bayesian Tensor Factorization for Multi-relational Data in Product Design 1647
Abstract 1647
1 Introduction 1647
2 RESCAL Approach 1649
3 SetF Approach 1650
4 Experiments 1651
4.1 Datasets 1651
4.2 The Methods and Metrics for Comparisons 1651
4.3 Entity Classification 1652
4.4 Entity Retrieval 1653
4.5 Application Case Study 1653
5 Conclusions 1657
Acknowledgments 1657
References 1657
113 Gear-Shifting Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Truck in Starting Process 1659
Abstract 1659
1 Introduction 1660
2 Hybrid Electric Truck Drivetrain 1660
3 Gear-Shifting Control Strategy 1661
4 Experimental Results 1665
5 Conclusions 1666
Acknowledgments 1667
References 1667