Control of Modern Integrated Power Systems

1. Computer System for Power System Operation and Control.- 1.1 Computer Control of Power Systems.- 1.2 Functions, Computer Configurations and Control aids.- 1.3 Case Studies of Computerisation in Control Centres.- 2. System control.- 2.1 Economic Load Dispatch for Thermal Power Plants.- 2.2 Load-Frequency Control (LFC).- 2.3 Automatic Generation Control (AGC).- 3. Reactive power balance and voltage control.- 3.1 General.- 3.2 Reactive Power Planning and Control Boundaries.- 3.3 Reactive Power Requirements.- 3.4 Reactive Power Balance — Case Study.- 3.5 Reactive Generation and Absorption.- 3.6 Two Case Studies.- 3.7 Reactive Scheduling Procedure.- 3.8 Operating Measures.- 3.9 Modern Trends in Voltage Regulation.- 4. System Security and Quality of Operation.- 4.1 General.- 4.2 Definitions of Operating States, Voltage and Frequency Collapse, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Security Despatch.- 4.3 Security Monitoring.- 4.4 Quality of Operation.- 4.5 Effective Network Utilisation.- 4.6 Sources of Disturbances.- 5. Emergency Control.- 5.1 General.- 5.2 Measures to Prevent Frequency Collapse.- 5.3 Measures to Prevent Voltage Collapse.- 5.4 Prevention of Overloads and Instability.- 5.5 Prevention of Power Disparity.- 5.6 Operation of Generators in Emergency Conditions.- 5.7 Restoration Procedures.- 6. Grid Failures — Case Studies and ‘Defence’ Plan Against Failures.- 6.1 General.- 6.2 Case Studies.- 6.3 EDF’s ‘Defence’ Plan Against Major Disturbances..- 7. Effects of Grid Disturbances on Power Station and Consumer Equipment.- 7.1 General.- 7.2 Effects of Low Frequency Operation on Power Station Equipment.- 7.3 Effects of Low Frequency Operation on System Load.- 7.4 High — Frequency Operation During Light Load Periods.- Appendix 1: Dispatching and ControlFunctions at Various Levels.- Appendix 2.- Operating Principles of North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC).- Most Common Terms Used in Power System Operation.