Forging Ireland

ContentsAcknowledgements ixAbbreviations xi1 Visiting Ireland: Introduction 12 Framing Ireland 152.1 Picturesque Ireland: Compositional Techniques and Subject Matter 192.2 Imperfection, Improvement, Perfection 372.3 The Irish Sublime and Ossian 473 Populating the Picture 593.1 Visualising the Irish People 613.2 Breaking the Idyll 813.3 Aesthetics and the City 884 Constructing the Individual 994.1 Savages both Noble and Ignoble 1024.2 Savages, Social Inequality and Middle-Class Sensibilities 1054.3 Colonial Configurations of the Savage 1164.4 The Violent Savage 1244.5 Changing Perceptions of the Savage 1265 Constructing the Collective 1345.1 An Irish Nationalcharakter, the Protestant Nation and the Union 1405.2 The 'Discovery' of Irish Folk Culture 1515.3 Folk Culture and an Irish Nationalcharakter 1605.4 Folk Culture and the 'Wild Irish' 1676 Racialising the Irish 1736.1 Celtic and Germanic Ireland 1766.2 Physiognomy and Phrenology 1826.3 Celtic and Germanic Character 1846.4 Race and Religion 1906.5 A Celtic Irish Volksgeist 1967 Changing Perspectives:The Emergence ofVormärz Rhetoric 2087.1 Reconfigured Comparisons 2137.2 A Freedom-Loving Oppressed People 2227.3 Signs of Cultural and Moral Improvement 2267.4 The Famine Years 2308 Explaining Ireland 2398.1 Landlordism 2398.2 Union, Emancipation, Repeal: Solutions Offered 2439 Knowing Ireland? Conclusion 26910 Biographies of Authors 274List of Portraits 29111 Bibliography 29311.1 Primary Literature 29311.2 Secondary Literature 300Index 313