Urban Regions Now & Tomorrow (eBook)

Dr. Sonja Deppisch, HafenCity University Hamburg, involved in research on resilience in urban and regional planning and development since 2009.

Vorwort/Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 10
1 Cities and Urban Regions Under Change—Between Vulnerability, Resilience, Transition and Transformation 12
Abstract 12
1.1 Urban Regions and Change—Now and Tomorrow 12
1.2 Different Concepts—Difficult Relationships? Between Vulnerability, Resilience, Transition and Transformation 14
1.3 Overview on the Chapters 19
References 24
2 The Role of Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Change in Achieving Resilience of the Suburban Landscape 27
Abstract 27
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Materials and Methods 32
2.3 Results 35
2.4 Discussion 40
References 49
3 Beyond a Fragmented and Sector-Oriented Knowledge for a Sustainable and Resilient Urban Development. The Case of the Metropolitan City of Naples 51
Abstract 51
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Urban Development, Environmental Decay and Risks: Linkages and Interdependencies 53
3.3 Beyond the “Silo” Approach: Reframing Knowledge for a Sustainable and Resilient Urban Development 57
3.4 A Fragmented and Sector-Oriented Knowledge: The Case of the Metropolitan City of Naples 59
3.4.1 Population Dynamics 60
3.4.2 Environmental Dynamics 60
3.4.2.1 Land Take and Soil Sealing Phenomena 60
3.4.2.2 Agricultural and Natural Areas 62
3.4.2.3 Soil and Groundwater Contamination 63
3.4.3 Hazards and Risks 64
3.4.4 Climate Change 67
3.5 A GIS-Tool for Reframing Knowledge in the Metropolitan Area of Naples 68
3.6 Final Remarks 76
References 77
4 Resilience, Sustainability and Transformability of Cities as Complex Adaptive Systems 82
Abstract 82
4.1 Introduction: Urban Complexity and Change 83
4.2 From Urban Resilience to Sustainable Transformation 85
4.2.1 Context and Basic Definitions 85
4.2.2 Urban Resilience and Transformation 86
4.2.3 Contextualising the Concept of Sustainable Urban Transformation 89
4.3 An Approach to Conceptualise Urban Transition Alternative Pathways 91
4.4 Challenges of Urban Resilient Sustainability Transitions 94
4.4.1 Investing in Technology, Grey and Green Infrastructures 95
4.4.2 Understanding Institutions and Actors of the Sustainable Urban Transformation 96
4.4.3 Fostering Knowledge Generation and Management 98
4.5 Conclusion 99
Acknowledgements 101
References 101
5 The Challenge of Change: Planning for Social Urban Resilience 107
Abstract 107
5.1 Introduction 108
5.2 Planning for Social Urban Resilience 110
5.3 Case Studies 115
5.4 Analysis 118
5.5 Discussion 122
5.6 Conclusion 123
References 125
6 Sustainable Disaster Resilience? Tensions Between Socio-economic Recovery and Built Environment Post-disaster Reconstruction in Abruzzo (Italy) 128
Abstract 128
6.1 Post-disaster Sustainable Reconstruction: Bouncing Back or Forward? 129
6.2 The Abruzzo Region and the 2009 Earthquake 131
6.3 Setting the Stage for the Reconstruction: The Legislative and Institutional Framework 134
6.4 The Post-disaster Reconstruction Plans: Integrated Strategies, Ambitions and Guidelines from Different Areas of the Seismic Crater 137
6.4.1 Where to Plan? 137
6.5 Understanding Previous Conditions: Socio-economic Features Behind the Physical Damages 139
6.5.1 The Reconstruction Plans: What and How 141
6.6 Discussion: Paradoxes and Challenges Within the Post-disaster Reconstruction Process 144
6.7 Conclusion 147
References 148
7 Dealing with Surprise in Urban Regions—Some Ideas and Examples for Planners 152
Abstract 152
7.1 Introduction 152
7.2 Conceptual Framework 153
7.2.1 Human Agency and Planning 154
7.2.2 Who Expects Surprise and Why Do They Care? 155
7.2.3 Foresight of and Preparation for Surprise in Urban Regions 158
7.3 Examples for the Purpose of Illustration 160
7.3.1 Dealing with Surprise in the Context of Natural Hazards—How Local Officials Consider Surprise in the Context of Floods of the River Weisseritz in Dresden 160
7.3.2 Dealing with Surprise in the Context of Demographic Uncertainty—Do City Planners in Dresden Consider Surprise? 164
7.3.3 Comparison of the Examples 165
7.4 Conclusion 167
References 168
8 Resilience Thinking as Leitmotif in Urban and Regional Planning Dealing with Climate Change Impacts 172
Abstract 172
8.1 Urban Regions and Climate Change 172
8.2 Challenges for Spatial Planning 174
8.3 Resilience Thinking as a Potential Leitmotif 177
8.4 In Practice: San Francisco Bay Area, Stockholm and Rostock Region 182
8.5 Discussion: Applying Resilience Thinking as a Leitmotif—Potential Gains Versus Potential Trade-Offs 187
8.6 Conclusions 191
Acknowledgements 192
References 192
9 Developing Resilient Urban Waterfronts: Integrating Adaptation into Urban Development and Management 196
Abstract 196
9.1 Incorporating Coastal Adaptation in Urban Development and Change 197
9.2 Growing into Resilience: Life-Cycle Based Adaptation Planning 198
9.3 Towards Transitional or Transformative Pathways: Adaptation Options, Intervention Points and New Opportunities 200
9.4 Research Approach 202
9.5 Casus Feijenoord 203
9.5.1 Adaptation Options 205
9.5.1.1 Current Flood Risk Policy 205
9.5.1.2 District-Wide Protection or Building-Level Resilience 205
9.5.2 Adaptation Intervention Points 206
9.5.2.1 Elevating Building Plots of New Developments 206
9.5.2.2 Retrofitting Flood Resilience Using Social Housing Renovation 206
9.5.2.3 Planned Management of Infrastructure and Public Realm 207
9.5.3 From Intervention Options to Opportunities: Improving or Changing Rules 208
9.6 Casus Red Hook, New York City 209
9.6.1 Situation 209
9.6.2 Adaptation Options 211
9.6.2.1 Retrofitting Flood Resilience 211
9.6.2.2 Integrated Flood Protection System 212
9.6.3 Adaptation Intervention Points 214
9.6.3.1 Gentrification—Building Improvements and Renovations 214
9.6.3.2 Improve Rules 215
9.6.4 New Interventions and Changing Rules 218
9.6.4.1 Rezoning Red Hook’s Waterfront 218
9.7 Discussion and Conclusions 220
9.7.1 Cases 220
9.7.2 Method 221
Acknowledgements 222
References 222
10 Making Infrastructure Climate Resilient: Bridging the Transformation Gap with “Living Labs”? 226
Abstract 226
10.1 Introduction 227
10.2 Challenges for Infrastructure Innovation Within the Context of Climate Change 229
10.2.1 Climate Change and Uncertainties 229
10.2.2 Resilience and Its Implications 232
10.2.3 Infrastructure, Lock in and Path Dependencies 233
10.2.4 Innovation Gaps and the Multi-level Approach 236
10.2.5 Implications for Infrastructure Innovation and Planning 238
10.3 Bridging Innovation Gaps with Living Labs 241
10.3.1 A Short Introduction 241
10.3.2 Conceptual Framework 243
10.3.3 Transdisciplinary Principles 244
10.3.4 Stakeholder Involvement 245
10.3.5 Spaces for Intervention 247
10.4 Implementation of a Living Lab 248
10.5 Conclusion 252
Acknowledgements 253
References 253
11 From Linear to Circular—Challenges for Changing Urban Metabolism?! An Analysis of Local Energy Transition Activities in Four European Cities 261
Abstract 261
11.1 The Transition from Linear to Circular Urban Metabolism 262
11.2 Research Question and Methods 264
11.3 Governing Transitions 265
11.4 The Praxis of Governing Energy Transitions in Four European Cities 268
11.4.1 Local Characteristics of Transition Governance 269
11.4.1.1 Dobrich, Bulgaria 269
11.4.1.2 Modena, Italy 270
11.4.1.3 Munich, Germany 272
11.4.1.4 Odense, Denmark 273
11.4.2 Local Practices and Challenges of Transition Governance 274
11.4.2.1 Strategic Transition Management Activities 274
11.4.2.2 Tactical Transition Management Activities 275
11.4.2.3 Operational Transition Management Activities 277
11.4.2.4 Reflexive Transition Management Activities 278
11.5 Transition Management in Theory and Praxis 278
References 280