The USA and Canada 2022

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: Theodore R. Alter. Professor of Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Economics, and Co-Director of the Center for Economic and Community Development at the Pennsylvania State University, USA; Adjunct Research Fellow at the Australian Centre for Agriculture and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia. Chris W. Bonneau. Professor of Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh, USA, and Co-Editor, State Politics and Policy Quarterly. Duane Bratt. Professor of Political Science and Chair, Department of Economics, Justice, and Policy Studies at Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada. P. W. Daniels. Emeritus Professor, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. David Hastings Dunn. Professor in International Politics and Director of Internationalisation, Department of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. James W. Dunn. Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. Milton Hallberg. Late Emeritus Professor of Agricultural Economics at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. Steve Hewitt. Senior Lecturer in American and Canadian Studies, Department of History and American and Canadian Studies Research Centre at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. Alexandra Homolar. Reader of International Security, Department of Politics and International Studies, at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom. Dennis S. Ippolito. Eugene McElvaney Professor of Political Science and Chairman of the Department of Political Science at the Southern Methodist University, Dallas, USA. Taylor Jackson. Doctoral Student in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto, Canada, and former Senior Policy Analyst, Centre for Natural Resource Studies at the Fraser Institute, Canada. John Kramer. Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Criminology at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. Robert E. Looney. International Consultant specializing in energy security and economic development, and Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA. Trevor McCrisken. Associate Professor in US Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, Member of the Board of Trustees and former Chair of British American Security Information Council (BASIC). Sandy Markwick. Network Director, Winmark Ltd, Writer and researcher specializing in North American and Latin American affairs. Alexander Moens. Professor of Political Science and Senior Fellow at the Fraser Institute Centre for Canadian-American Relations at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. Gillian Peele. Emeritus Professor in Politics at Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Joël Plouffe. Fellow, Canadian Global Affairs Institute, Calgary, Canada, and Advisor for the Arctic Council Secretariat, Tromsø, Norway. Heather Marie Rice. Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, USA. David Robertson. Late Emeritus Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. C. Michael Wernerheim. Professor of Economics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Canada.

Part One

GENERAL SURVEY

Essays

The USA and Canada: Political and Economic Challenges to Deeper Co-operation

ALEXANDER MOENS and TAYLOR JACKSON

US Foreign Policy in the Arctic Region: Times of Change or Continuity?

JOËL PLOUFFE

Appendix: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic

Directory

Diplomatic Representation of Canada and the USA Abroad

Part Two

THE USA

Introduction

The USA: A Chronology since Colonization

Presidents of the USA

Area and Population

Essays

Essays on Public Affairs

The System of Government and Politics in the USA

GILLIAN PEELE

US Foreign Policy: Joe Biden and the Renewal of American Engagement

TREVOR MCCRISKEN

‘Building Back Better’? US Energy and Environmental Policy and the Biden Administration

DAVID HASTINGS DUNN

US Defence Policy: A Historical Perspective

ALEXANDRA HOMOLAR

The Judicial System of the USA

CHRIS W. BONNEAU and HEATHER MARIE RICE (based on an earlier essay by JOHN KRAMER)

The Role of Religion in Contemporary US Politics

GILLIAN PEELE

Diversity and Equality in the USA

GILLIAN PEELE

Essays on US Economic Affairs

Economic Overview of the USA

ROBERT E. LOONEY

Deficit Politics in the USA

DENNIS S. IPPOLITO

Agriculture: History, Policy and Emerging Issues

JAMES W. DUNN (based on an earlier article by THEODORE R. ALTER and MILTON HALLBERG)

Service-Providing Industries: Bedrock of the US Economy

P. W. DANIELS

US Manufacturing

ROBERT E. LOONEY

The USA and International Trade

ROBERT E. LOONEY

Directory

PUBLIC AFFAIRS

THE ECONOMY

SOCIETY

The States

The States of the Union and the District of Columbia

Part Three

CANADA

Introduction

Canada: A Chronology since Colonization

Prime Ministers of Canada

Area and Population

Essays

Essays on Public Affairs

Contemporary Canadian Politics

STEVE HEWITT

Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy

DUANE BRATT

Canada: The Courts and the Charter

DAVID ROBERTSON

Select Bibliography (Domestic Politics and Government)

Select Bibliography (The International Role of Canada)

Select Bibliography (Social Affairs)

Essays on Canadian Economic Affairs

Overview of the Canadian Economy

SANDY MARKWICK

Canadian Federal Energy Policy in Transition: A Period of Uncertainty

ROBERT E. LOONEY

Canadian Manufacturing and Construction

SANDY MARKWICK

Services Industries in Canada

C. MICHAEL WERNERHEIM

Select Bibliography (Economic Affairs)

Directory

PUBLIC AFFAIRS

THE ECONOMY

SOCIETY

The Provinces and Territories

The Provinces and Territories of the Dominion