Engagement of Intercultural Project Customers (eBook)

Abstract 8
Resumen 10
Acknowledgements 12
A Word on Gender 13
Contents 14
Abbreviations 17
List of Figures 18
List of Tables 20
Chapter 1: Introduction to Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 22
1.1 Problem Statement and Justification 22
1.2 Objectives and Research Questions 23
1.3 Preliminary Hypothesis 24
1.4 Methodology 24
1.5 Structure of the Work 26
Chapter 2: Theory in Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 27
2.1 Definitions 27
2.1.1 Introduction to Definitions 27
2.1.2 Project 28
2.1.3 Project Management 28
2.1.3.1 Project Management Defined by Project Management Standards 29
2.1.3.2 Project Management Defined by Scholars and Handbooks 30
2.1.3.3 Definition of Project Management 30
2.1.4 Project Stakeholder 31
2.1.5 Stakeholder Engagement/Management 32
2.1.6 Project Customer, Owner, User and Sponsor 33
2.1.6.1 Introduction Project Customer 33
2.1.6.2 Project Customer or Client 33
2.1.6.3 Users 34
2.1.6.4 Project Sponsors 34
2.1.7 International Project 35
2.1.8 National Culture 37
2.1.9 Intercultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence 38
2.1.10 Intercultural Management 40
2.1.11 Intercultural Communication 41
2.2 The Role of Project Management Standards 42
2.2.1 Introduction 42
2.2.2 Project Management According to IPMA 42
2.2.3 Project Management According to APM 43
2.2.4 Project Management According to GPM 44
2.2.5 Project Management According to PMI 46
2.2.6 Project Management According to PRINCE2 47
2.2.7 Synthesis Project Management Standards 48
2.3 Project Stakeholder and Customer Management in Projects 49
2.3.1 Introduction 49
2.3.2 Project Stakeholder Management As a Framework 50
2.3.2.1 Introduction 50
2.3.2.2 Stakeholder Management in Standard Texts 50
2.3.2.3 Project Stakeholder Management as a Framework: State of the Art 59
2.3.2.4 Synthesis: Project Stakeholder Management as a Framework 65
2.3.3 Project Customer Management in Project Management Standard Texts 66
2.3.3.1 Introduction 66
2.3.3.2 Clients or Customers 66
2.3.3.3 Owner 71
2.3.3.4 User 74
2.3.3.5 Sponsor 76
2.3.3.6 Synthesis: Client and Customer Roles in Project Management Standards 80
2.3.4 Agile Project Management and Scrum 82
2.3.5 Summary: Project Customer and Stakeholder Management 87
2.4 Cultural Differences and Intercultural Competencies 88
2.4.1 Introduction to Cultural Differences and Intercultural Management 88
2.4.2 Models of Cultural Dimensions 89
2.4.2.1 Introduction to Cultural Dimensions 89
2.4.2.2 Edward T. Hall´s Work on Cultural Difference 90
2.4.2.3 Hofstede´s Model of Cultural Dimensions 93
2.4.2.4 Trompenaars´ and Hampden-Turner´s Cultural Dimensions 96
2.4.2.5 Cultural Dimensions of the GLOBE-Study 101
2.4.2.6 Dimensions of Meyer´s Culture Map 105
2.4.2.7 Cultural Dimensions and Project Management Behaviors 108
2.4.2.8 Cultural Dimensions Synthesis 110
2.4.3 Models of Intercultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence 111
2.4.3.1 Introduction to Intercultural Intelligence 111
2.4.3.2 Frameworks of Cultural Intelligence 113
2.4.3.3 Frameworks of Intercultural Competence 117
2.4.3.4 Synthesis Cultural Intelligence and Intercultural Competence 126
2.4.4 Synthesis: Cultural Differences and Intercultural Competencies 127
2.5 State of the Art in Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 128
2.5.1 Introduction 128
2.5.2 Structured Literature Review Framework 132
2.5.3 Process of Literature Review 134
2.5.4 Findings of Literature Review: Impact Factors 137
2.5.5 State of the Art in Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 149
2.6 A Relational Model for Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 150
2.6.1 Models, Theories and Impact Factors to Be Included 150
2.6.2 Model of Impact Factors for Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 153
2.6.3 Hypothesis That Inform the Qualitative and Quantitative Study 157
Chapter 3: Qualitative Analysis: Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 158
3.1 Introduction to Qualitative Analysis 158
3.2 Secondary Case Study Analysis 159
3.2.1 Methodology 159
3.2.2 Deductive Category Application 164
3.2.3 Inductive Category Development 172
3.2.4 Synthesis of Published Case Study Research 177
3.3 Semi-Structured Qualitative Interviews 180
3.3.1 Methodological Approach and Selection of Interviewees 180
3.3.2 Development and Testing of Interview Guide 182
3.3.3 Category Development and Preliminary Findings 187
3.3.3.1 Overview and Initial Data Review 187
3.3.3.2 Coding Methodology 189
3.3.3.3 Presentation and Discussion of Findings: Stage 1 191
3.3.4 Category Application and Integration with Model 201
3.3.4.1 Methodology and Initial Iteration 201
3.3.4.2 Presentation and Discussion of Category System 202
3.4 Synthesis: Qualitative Analysis 209
3.4.1 Summary of Findings 209
3.4.2 Proposal of Relational Model with Impact Factors 210
3.4.3 Reassessment of Preliminary Hypotheses 211
Chapter 4: Delphi Survey: Intercultural Project Customer Engagement 214
4.1 Introduction and Selection of Factor Relationships 214
4.2 Delphi Study 218
4.2.1 Methodology and Questionnaire Development 218
4.2.2 Selection and Description of Expert Panel 220
4.2.3 Process and Results of Delphi Rounds 225
4.2.3.1 First Delphi-Round 225
4.2.3.2 Second Delphi-Round 229
4.2.3.3 Combined First and Second Round Results 234
4.2.3.4 Expert Workshop and Focus Group Discussions 236
4.3 Summary of Delphi Results and Focus Group Workshop 241
Chapter 5: Intercultural Project Customer Engagement: Conclusions 245
5.1 Summary of Qualitative and Quantitative Results 245
5.2 Contributions to Theory 246
5.3 Practical Relevance 247
5.4 Limitations and Critical Reflection 248
5.5 Research Outlook 250
Annex: Expressions of Cultural Differences 251
Equality vs. Hierarchy 251
Individual vs. Group 252
Achievement vs. Status/Standing 254
Theoretical vs. Pragmatic 255
Task vs. Relationship Orientation 256
Feminine vs. Masculine 257
Conflict vs. Consensus 258
Sequential vs. Synchronic 259
High vs. Low Context 261
Specific vs. Diffuse 262
Negative Feedback 264
Top-Down vs. Consensual Decision Making 264
Long Term Orientation 265
Bibliography 267