Contemporary Operations and Logistics (eBook)

Acknowledgements 5
Contents 6
Notes on Contributors 9
Abbreviations 24
List of Figures 28
List of Tables 30
1 Introduction 32
1.1The Purposes of This Book 32
1.2Scope: Breadth, Depth, and Selectivity 34
1.3The Structure of the Book 37
1.3.1Thematic Research 37
1.3.2Modelling Research 38
1.3.3Supply Chain Management Research 38
1.3.4Applied Research 39
1.4The Chapters Not Written 40
1.5Conclusions 41
2 Project Management for Effective Operations Management 42
2.1Introduction 42
2.2Fundamental Principles of Project Management 44
2.2.1Project Definition and Initiation 45
2.2.2Project Planning 46
2.2.3Project Execution 47
2.2.4Project Closure 48
2.3Three Tools to Support Effective Project Management for Operations Management 48
2.3.1The Project Charter 48
2.3.2The RACI Matrix 50
2.3.3The Black–Red–Amber–Green (BRAG) Approach to Project Monitoring & Control
2.4Practical Application 54
2.4.1Background 54
2.4.2The Project Charter 55
2.4.3Defining a RACI Matrix 55
2.4.4Applying BRAG 56
2.5Conclusion 57
2.6Further Reading 57
References 58
3 The Foundations of Sustainability and the Implications for Transport Modes 59
3.1Background 59
3.2Sustainability—History of the Concept 60
3.3Sustainability, Transport and Logistics 65
3.4Climate Change 66
3.5China 67
3.6Japan and South Korea 68
3.7California and Australia 69
3.8Trucks and Buses 70
3.9Shipping 70
3.10Future Developments 71
References 72
4 Business Model Innovation at the Interface Between Global Production Systems and Local Demand 75
4.1Introduction 75
4.2Business Model Innovation 78
4.3Production, Consumption and Global Value Chains 80
4.4Local Consumption and the On-Demand Economy 82
4.5Conclusions: The Implications for Logistics 84
References 86
5 3D Printing for Supply Chain Service Companies 91
5.1Introduction 91
5.23DP Overview 93
5.3Product-Service Systems (PSS) 96
5.4PSS and 3DP: An Opportunity for Productization? 98
5.4.1Understanding the Knowledge Requirements for PSS 98
5.4.2Reconceptualizing PSS for 3DP 99
5.5Case Study 102
5.5.1Starting Out: The Strategic Rationale to Productize 103
5.5.2Making the Change: Employing 3DP to Support PSS 103
5.5.3Teething Troubles: Practical Challenges of 3DP Implementation 104
5.5.4Optimizing: Expanding the Firms’ Core Competence 105
5.6Discussion 106
References 107
6 Zero-Carbon Logistics 110
6.1Introduction 110
6.2Zero-Carbon Logistics: The Imperative of Change 113
6.3Zero-Carbon Transport: The Options 116
6.4Zero-Carbon Storage: The Options 118
6.5Logistics and the Circular Economy 119
6.6Conclusions 121
References 122
7 Vehicle Routing Problem: Past and Future 125
7.1Introduction 125
7.2Vehicle Routing Problems 127
7.2.1Formal Description of the VRP 128
7.2.2An Integer Programming Formulation for the VRPTW 132
7.2.3Other Well-Known Variants of the VRP 133
7.2.4Green Vehicle Routing 135
7.2.5Solving the VRP 136
7.3The Roles of LSPs in Vehicle Routing 136
7.3.1Real-Life Examples 137
7.3.1.1 Challenges with Vehicle Routing 138
7.3.2Case Studies 140
7.3.2.1 Distributed Manufacturing—VRP Challenge: Strong Market Competition 140
7.3.2.2 Inventory Optimization—VRP Challenge: Stochastic Demand 141
7.3.3Future Perspectives 141
7.3.3.1 Future Challenge One: Road to Automation 141
7.3.3.2 Future Challenge Two: A Rise in e-Commerce 142
7.4Conclusions and Future Research Directions 142
References 143
8 Dynamical Modelling in Operations Management 146
8.1Demand Management 147
8.2Forecasting 153
8.3Production and Inventory Control 156
8.3.1Constraints in Inventory Systems 157
8.3.2Random Lead-Time 160
8.4Conclusion 161
References 162
9 Systems Thinking, Engineering and Dynamics in Modern Supply Chain Management 164
9.1Introduction 164
9.2Systems Thinking in Management Research 165
9.3Spectrum of System Types 167
9.4Logistics and Supply Chain Systems 170
9.5Illustrative Examples Applying Systems Theory During the Engineering Lifecycle 173
9.5.1Vignette 1—Systems Thinking in the Shipbuilding Sector 173
9.5.2Vignette 2—System Dynamics for Conceptual Model Development 175
9.5.3Vignette 3—Systems Engineering in the Semiconductor Industry 179
9.6Conclusion 182
References 183
10 Green Supply Chain Management in Asian Emerging Economies: A State-of-the-Art Review 188
10.1Introduction: The Growth of Research into Green Supply Chain Management in Asia 188
10.2Research Methodology 190
10.3Key Trends in Green Supply Chain Management Research in Asia 191
10.3.1China as a Focus for Green Supply Chain Management Research 210
10.3.2Three Trends in Supply Chain Management Research in Asia 211
10.4Conclusion Remark 213
References 213
11 Effective Supply Chain Collaboration 220
11.1Introduction 220
11.2Literature Review 222
11.2.1Why Is Collaboration Important? 223
11.2.2Challenges with Collaboration 223
11.2.3Distinguishing Between Terms 224
11.2.4Internal Collaboration 225
11.3Thee Frameworks for Managing Collaboration 225
11.4Managing Behaviours 230
11.5Case Study 1—NATS 230
11.6Case Study 2—Nature Fund 233
11.6.1Benefits of Collaboration 237
11.6.2Challenges of Collaboration 237
11.6.3Lessons Learned 238
11.7Case Study 3—Adopting Together 238
11.7.1What Is the Unique and Innovative Feature? 239
11.7.2What Was the Driver for This Innovation? 239
11.7.3How Was the Approach Developed? 239
11.7.4What Were the Objectives Identified? 240
11.7.5What Were the Measurable Outcomes? 240
11.7.6How Has This Innovative Approach Been Shared Externally? 240
11.7.7Impact on Supply Chain? 241
11.7.8How Will the Innovation Help Industry Generally? 241
11.7.9Is There a Social/Environmental Dimension to This Innovation? 241
11.7.10 How Has the Innovation Been Embedded in the Organisation? 242
11.8Conclusion 242
References 243
12 Strategic Choices in Creating Resilient Supply Networks 246
12.1An Introduction to Resilient Supply Chains 246
12.2The RALF Model 248
12.3Approach: RALF Applied to the Retail Clothing Sector 252
12.4What Do We Learn from the Cases? 253
12.4.1Supply Chain 1 253
12.4.2Supply Chain 2 255
12.4.3Supply Chain 3 255
12.4.4Supply Chain 4 255
12.5Reflections 256
References 257
13 Horizontal Logistics Collaboration—An International Retail Supply Chain Case Study 260
13.1Introduction 260
13.2Inter-company Collaboration Within and Beyond the Supply Chain 261
13.3Case Study Description 265
13.4Findings 267
13.5Supply Chain-Driven Model for Horizontal Logistics Collaboration Among Competitors 276
13.6Conclusion and Implications 281
References 283
14 Shipping Economics: Status and Future Prospects 286
14.1Introduction 286
14.2Shipping Economic Theory 287
14.2.1Classic Shipping Economic Theory 288
14.2.2Rational Expectation Theory for Shipping Economics 290
14.3Shipping Economics in Maritime Literature 290
14.3.1Demand for Seaborne Trade 291
14.3.2The Efficiency of Shipping Markets 293
14.4Contemporary Topics in Sipping Economics 294
14.4.1Climate Changes and Low—Carbon Shipping 295
14.4.2Sustainability Issues in Shipping 297
14.4.3Innovative Ship Designs and Eco-Ships 298
14.4.4Regulatory Requirements: Lower-Sulphur Fuels and Air Emissions 298
14.4.5Fuel Price 300
14.4.6Eco-Ships 301
14.4.7Smart Shipping 303
14.5Conclusion 303
References 304
15 A Contextual History of Port Research at Cardiff University 307
15.1Introduction 307
15.2Publishing History: Ports, Shipping, and Logistics 308
15.3Sponsored Research 310
15.4Ports in Logistics Chains 312
15.5Port Resilience 316
15.6UK Port Policy 317
15.7Port Futures and Research Opportunities 319
References 321
16 Retail Clothing Returns: A Review of Key Issues 327
16.1Introduction 327
16.2Definitional Issues 328
16.3Cross-Border e-Shopping 332
16.4Reverse Logistics and Returns 334
16.5Environmental Impacts 339
16.5.1Domestic Returns 339
16.5.2Cross-Border Returns 340
16.6Policies to Improve the Environmental Impacts of Returns 341
16.7Conclusions 343
References 344
17 Lean Readiness Index: Assessing Organization Preparedness to Implement Lean 349
17.1Introduction 349
17.2Background Research 350
17.3Research Method 352
17.4Analysis and Discussion 353
17.4.1 Analysis of Leadership Score 354
17.4.2 Analysis of Organizational Culture Score 356
17.4.3 Analysis of Process Management Score 357
17.4.4 Analysis of Communication Score 359
17.4.5 Analysis of Employee Involvement Score 360
17.5Conclusion 362
References 363
18 Humanitarian Aid Supply Chain Management 366
18.1Introduction and Scope 366
18.2What is a Humanitarian Supply Chain? 368
18.3Humanitarian Aid Logistics and Supply Chain Management 369
18.4HALSCM Research by the Transport and Shipping Research Group 372
18.4.1UN/Cardiff Collaboration 372
18.4.2The TSRG’s Academic, Governmental, and Practitioner Partnerships 373
18.5Key Areas of Research 374
18.5.1Overview 374
18.5.2Volatility and Fragility 376
18.5.3Critical Success Factors 377
18.5.4Network Management 378
18.5.5Prepositioning of Aid 381
18.6Reflections and Conclusions 382
References 384
19 Developing a Profitable Online Grocery Logistics Business: Exploring Innovations in Ordering, Fulfilment, and Distribution at Ocado 390
19.1Introduction 390
19.2Online Grocery Retailing in Perspective 391
19.2.1What Do Customers Value? 392
19.2.2Why the Online Groceries Supply Challenge Is Immense? 393
19.3Methodology 395
19.4Findings 396
19.4.1Order Placement 399
19.4.2Fulfilment Process 400
19.4.3Delivery Operations 401
19.4.4Creating a Market and Operations Orientation 402
19.5Conclusions 404
References 406
Index 409