Foundations of Homeland Security

MARTIN J. ALPEREN, JD, MA, has been a practicing attorney and trial lawyer since 1985, and is admitted to practice law in California, Colorado, Massachusetts, New York, and the United States Virgin Islands. He received a Master of Arts in Security Studies (“Homeland Defense and Security”) from the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security. Mr. Alperen has professional first responder experience as a police officer, an EMT, and a search and rescue member.

List of Contributors ix

Acknowledgments xi

About the Companion Website xiii

1 Introduction – Overview – Background 1

2 Metacognition and Errors in Judgment Related to Decision‐Making in Homeland Security 15
Angi English

3 Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in Homeland Security – What They Are and How to Address Them 29
Alexander Siedschlag

4 Strategic Environment 55

5 Extreme Right‐Wing Ideologues, Conservative Secession, and Terrorism 79
Tobias T. Gibson and Richard Q. Sterns

6 Intelligence Gathering 95

7 The Department of Homeland Security 141

8 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 159

9 National Security Strategy of the United States of America, 2006, 2015 175

10 National Strategy for Homeland Security, October 2007 181

11 National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, 2006; National Strategy for Counterterrorism, 2011 187

12 Border Security 191

13 Critical Infrastructure Protection 205

14 Cybersecurity Legislation and Critical Infrastructure Vulnerabilities 233
William A. Carter and Daniel G. Sofio

15 Agriculture and Food 251

16 Transportation Security 267

A. Overview 267

B. Aviation Security 275

C. Maritime Transportation Security 289

D. Rail Transportation 304

E. Trucking 307

F. Bus 308

17 Weapons of Mass Destruction 315

18 Biodefense and WMD Medical Countermeasures 327

19 National Continuity Policy 351

20 Identification Issues 359

I. Terrorist Screening and Airport Passenger Screening 360

II. REAL ID Act 363

III. Common Identification for Federal Employees 366

21 National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Framework (NRF) 367

22 Preparedness 373

23 Resiliency and a Culture of Preparedness 397

24 Authority to Use Military Force 407

25 Creating the Guardians: The Status of Homeland Security Education 423
Laura Manning Johnson and Robert Hayhurst

26 Applying Management and Organizational Theory Education to Create Effective Agencies 429
Judson M. Freed

27 U.S. Economic Statecraft, Homeland Security, and the Trans‐Pacific Partnership 437
David A. Parker and Daniel G. Sofio

28 Deconstructing Latin American Security 449
Pablo Brum

29 The Power of Pop Culture in the Hands of ISIS 459
Joseph Russo

Index 469