Design Thinking (eBook)

Foreword 5
Contributors 9
Design Thinking Research 12
1 The Philosophy of Design Thinking 12
2 Rules of Design Thinking 13
3 The Program Book 16
4 In Summary 20
Part I Design Thinking in Various Contexts 21
Design Thinking: A Fruitful Concept for IT Development? 22
1 Introduction: On Problem Solving in Design and Science 22
2 Understanding the Problem: Overcoming the Dilemma of Analytical Thinking in IT Development by Design Thinking? 25
3 Discussing the Context: Waterfalls, Agility, and New Design Professions 28
4 Discussion: On the Challenges of Translating Design Thinking into Action 32
5 Outlook 36
References 36
A Unified Innovation Process Model for Engineering Designers and Managers 38
1 Introduction 38
2 Unified Innovation Process Model for Engineering Designers and Managers 40
3 Research Methodology 43
4 Designers Gain Necessary Insights by Experimenting 45
5 Reviewers Often Discourage Experimenting 53
6 Discussion 58
7 Conclusion 60
References 61
Product Differentiation by Aesthetic and Creative Design: A Psychological and Neural Framework of Design Thinking 63
1 Introduction 63
2 Aesthetics and Creativity as Design Thinking Mechanisms 65
3 A Definition and Framework of Design Thinking 70
4 Conclusion 72
References 72
Part II Understanding Design Thinking 76
Re-representation: Affordances of Shared Models in Team-Based Design 77
1 Introduction 77
2 Media Models and Media Cascades 78
3 Cognitive Strategies 83
4 Experimental Data 84
5 Tangible Business Process Modeling 87
6 Conclusion 94
7 Future Work 94
References 95
The Co-evolution of Theory and Practice in Design Thinking – or – “Mind the Oddness Trap!” 96
1 From Design Thinking to Design Thinking Research 96
2 Experts RevealingWhat They Think About Design Thinking 97
3 Telling Differences, Illuminating Parallels 99
4 Preparing a Look Behind the Curtain: Specifying Hypotheses 101
5 Why Experiments Matter 103
6 The Challenge 104
7 Operationalization or: Let’s Be Concrete! 105
8 Looking Behind the Curtain: The Experiment 108
9 Design Thinkers Versus “Ordinary Students”: Results 109
10 Discussion 112
11 WhatWeWish to Pass Back 113
Innovation and Culture: Exploring the Work of Designers Across the Globe 115
1 Introduction 115
2 National Culture and Design Practice 116
3 Method 117
4 Insights 119
5 Conclusions 123
References 124
The Efficacy of Prototyping Under Time Constraints 125
1 Introduction 125
2 Method 128
3 Results 130
4 Participant Creations 133
5 Interviews 133
6 Conclusion 138
7 Future Work 139
References 140
Part III Tools for Design Thinking 143
An Instrument for Real-Time Design Interaction Capture and Analysis 144
1 Introduction 144
2 Improving Design Process Instrumentation 146
3 A Real-Time Design Research Instrument 149
4 Key Findings and Contribution 153
5 Conclusion and Future Work 156
References 158
Tele-Board: Enabling Efficient Collaboration In Digital Design Spaces Across Time and Distance 159
1 Creativity Across Distances: CanWe Make ItWork? 159
2 Analyzing Design Thinking Working Modes 161
3 Evaluating Existing Tools for Remote Collaboration 163
4 Our Tool: Tele-Board – A Digital Whiteboard for Remote Collaboration 165
5 Tele-Board: User Feedback 172
6 Outlook and Future Work 173
References 176
Physicality in Distributed Design Collaboration 177
1 Introduction 177
2 Understanding Collaboration in Design 180
3 Explorations in Distributed Design 182
4 Plans and Issues for the Future 188
5 Conclusion 189
References 190
Part IV Design Thinking in Information Technology 191
Bringing Design Thinking to Business Process Modeling 192
1 Introduction 192
2 Background: Process Models Mediate Communication 194
3 Research Question: How to Improve the Quality of Communication 195
4 Iterating Ideas 195
5 Experiences with the TBPM Toolkit 202
6 Related Approaches 203
7 Research Methodology 204
8 Summary and Outlook 205
References 206
Agile Software Development in Virtual Collaboration Environments 207
1 Introduction 207
2 Motivation and State of the Art 208
3 Design Thinking for Agile Software Development 211
4 Virtual Collaboration 214
5 Summary and Outlook 226
References 227
Towards Next Generation Design Thinking: Scenario-Based Prototyping for Designing Complex Software Systems with Multiple Users 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Project Setup 232
3 Research Results 233
4 RelatedWork 243
5 Summary and Future Work 244
References 245