Analysis of Antioxidant-Rich Phytochemicals

Zhimin Xu, PhD, serves as Associate Professor in the Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. His areas of specialization and research include: extraction, isolation, and characterization of health-promoting (bioactive) compounds in agricultural products; evaluation of stabilities of bioactive compounds during post-harvest treatment, storage, and food processing; utilization of bioactive compounds to improve food quality and value; and food microconstituent analysis using chromatography technology. Luke R. Howard, PhD, serves as Professor in the Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. His research interests include: fruit and vegetable processing; critical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products; and identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in fresh and processed horticultural crops. Dr. Howard is a long-standing member of the Fruit & Vegetable Products Division of the Institute of Food Technologists, having served as its chair in 2003-2004.

Preface vii Contributors ix

Chapter 1 Important Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Agricultural Food Products 1
Zhimin Xu

Chapter 2 The Procedure, Principle, and Instrumentation of Antioxidant Phytochemical Analysis 25
Brittany White, Lydia Rice, and Luke R. Howard

Chapter 3 Analysis Methods of Phenolic Acids 69
Zhimin Xu

Chapter 4 Analysis Methods of Carotenoids 105
Rachel E. Kopec, Jessica L. Cooperstone, Morgan J. Cichon, and Steven J. Schwartz

Chapter 5 Analysis Methods of Anthocyanins 149
Ronald L. Prior and Xianli Wu

Chapter 6 Analysis Methods of Ellagitannins 181
Stephen T. Talcott and Kimberly A. Krenek

Chapter 7 Analytical Methods of Flavonols and Flavones 207
Francisco A. Tomas-Barberan and Federico Ferreres

Chapter 8 Analysis Methods of Proanthocyanidins 247
Liwei Gu

Chapter 9 Analysis Methods of Flavanones 275
G.K. Jayaprakasha, Amit Vikram, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil

Chapter 10 Analysis Methods of Phytosterols 313
Laura Nystr€om

Chapter 11 Analysis Methods for Tocopherols and Tocotrienols 353
Robert A. Moreau and Anna-Maija Lampi

Index 387