Veterinary Clinical Parasitology

Anne M. Zajac, DVM, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology at Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia. Gary A. Conboy, DVM, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Microbiology at Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Preface vii Acknowledgments ix Authors xi CHAPTER 1 Fecal Examination for the Diagnosis of Parasitism 3 Collection of Fecal Samples 3 Storage and Shipment of Fecal Samples 4 Fecal Exam Procedures 4 Fecal Flotation 4 Additional Procedures for Fecal Examination 12 Quality Control for Fecal Exam Procedures 15 Use of the Microscope 16 Microscope Calibration 16 Pseudoparasites and Spurious Parasites 19 Identification of Nematode Larvae Recovered with Fecal Flotation or Baermann Procedures 23 Techniques for Evaluation of Strongylid Nematodes in Grazing Animals 28 Fecal Culture 28 Identification of Ruminant and Camelid Third-Stage Larvae 29 Identification of Horse Third-Stage Larvae 30 Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test 30 Identification of Adult Worms 38 Hoyer s Solution 39 Lactophenol 39 Parasites of Domestic Animals 39 Dogs and Cats 40 Ruminants and Camelids 88 Horses 114 Swine 128 Birds 140 Rodents and Rabbits 156 Reptiles 164 CHAPTER 2 Detection of Protozoan and Helminth Parasites in the Urinary, Reproductive, and Integumentary Systems and in the Eye 171 Techniques for Parasite Recovery 171 Parasites of the Urinary System 171 Parasites of the Reproductive Tract 171 Helminth Parasites of the Integumentary System 172 Urinary System Parasites 174 Reproductive System Parasites 178 Parasites of Other Systems (Excluding Arthropods) 178 CHAPTER 3 Detection of Parasites in the Blood 185 Immunologic Detection of Blood Parasites 185 Microscopic Examination of Blood for Protozoan Parasites 185 Giemsa Stain 186 Microscopic Examination of Blood for Nematode Parasites 187 Tests for Canine Heartworm Microfi lariae in Blood Samples 188 Blood Parasites of Dogs and Cats 191 Blood Parasites of Livestock and Horses 202 Blood Parasites of Birds 208 CHAPTER 4 Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Diagnostic Tests in Veterinary Parasitology 213 Immunodiagnostic Methods 213 Molecular Diagnostic Methods 216 CHAPTER 5 Diagnosis of Arthropod Parasites 217 Subclass Acari (Mites and Ticks) 217 Mite Identification 217 Tick Identification 246 Class Insecta 264 Lice (Orders Anoplura and Mallophaga) 266 Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) 280 Flies (Order Diptera) 288 Other Insects 302 CHAPTER 6 Parasites of Fish 305 Techniques for Recovery of Ectoparasites 305 Skin Biopsy (Mucus Smear) 305 Fin Biopsy (Fin Snip) 306 Gill Biopsy (Gill Snip) 307 Recovery of Endoparasites 307 Parasites of Fish 308 Bibliography 325 Index 327 Companion website This book is accompanied by a companion website: www.wiley.com/go/zajac The website includes powerpoints of all figures from the book for downloading.