Sensory Evaluation Techniques, Fourth Edition

Preface

INTRODUCTION TO SENSORY TECHNIQUES
Introduction
Development of Sensory Testing
Human Subjects as Instruments
Conducting a Sensory Study

SENSORY ATTRIBUTES AND THE WAY WE PERCEIVE THEM
Introduction
Sensory Attributes
The Human Senses
Perception at Threshold and Above

CONTROLS FOR TEST ROOM
Introduction
Environmental Controls
Product Controls
Panelist Controls

FACTORS INFLUENCING SENSORY VERDICTS
Introduction
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Poor Physical Condition

MEASURING RESPONSES
Introduction
Psychophysical Theory
Classification
Grading
Ranking
Scaling

OVERALL DIFFERENCE TESTS: DOES A SENSORY DIFFERENCE EXIST BETWEEN SAMPLES?
Introduction
The Unified Approach to Difference and Similarity Testing
Triangle Test
Duo-Trio Test
Two-Out-of-Five Test
Same/Different Test (or Simple Difference Test)
"A" - "Not A" Test
Difference-from-Control Test
Sequential Tests

ATTRIBUTE DIFFERENCE TESTS: HOW DOES ATTRIBUTE X DIFFER BETWEEN SAMPLES?
Introduction: Paired Comparison Designs
Directional Difference Test: Comparing Two Samples
Pairwise Ranking Test: Friedman Analysis-Comparing Several Samples in All Possible Pairs
Introduction: Multisample Difference Tests-Block Designs
Simple Ranking Test: Friedman Analysis-Randomized (Complete) Block Design
Multisample Difference Test: Rating Approach-Evaluation by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Multisample Difference Test: BIB Ranking Test (Balanced Incomplete
Block Design)-Friedman Analysis
Multisample Difference Test: BIB Rating Test (Balanced Incomplete
Block Design)-Evaluation by Analysis of Variance

DETERMINING THRESHOLD
Introduction
Definitions
Applications of Threshold Determinations

SELECTION AND TRAINING OF PANEL MEMBERS
Introduction
Panel Development
Selection and Training for Difference Tests
Selection and Training of Panelists for Descriptive Testing
Panel Performance and Motivation
Appendix 1: Prescreening Questionnaires
Appendix 2: Panel Leadership Advice

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Definition
Field of Application
Components of Descriptive Analysis
Commonly Used Descriptive Test Methods
Application of Descriptive Analysis Panel Data

THE SPECTRUM™ DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS METHOD
Designing a Descriptive Procedure
Myths about the Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Method
Terminology
Intensity
Other Options
Modified Short-Version Spectrum Descriptive Procedures for Quality Assurance, Shelf-Life Studies, etc.
Appendix 1: Spectrum Terminology for Descriptive Analysis
Appendix 2: Spectrum Intensity Scales for Descriptive Analysis
Appendix 3: A Streamlined Approach to Spectrum References
Appendix 4: Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Product Lexicons
Appendix 5: Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Examples of Full Product Descriptions
Appendix 6: Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Training Exercises

AFFECTIVE TESTS: CONSUMER TESTS AND IN-HOUSE PANEL ACCEPTANCE TESTS
Purpose and Applications
The Subjects/Consumers in Affective Tests
Choice of Test Location
Affective Test Methods-Fuzzy Front End
Affective Methods: Qualitative
Affective Methods: Quantitative
Internet Research
Using Other Sensory Methods to Uncover Insights
Appendix 1: Screeners for Consumer Studies-Focus Group, CLT, and HUT
Appendix 2: Discussion Guide-Group or One-on-One Interviews
Appendix 3: Questionnaires for Consumer Studies
Appendix 4: Protocol Design for Consumer Studies
Appendix 5: Additional Fuzzy Front End References

BASIC STATISTICAL METHODS
Introduction
Summarizing Sensory Data
Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Thurstonian Scaling
The Statistical Design of Sensory Panel Studies
Appendix on Probability

ADVANCED STATISTICAL METHODS
Introduction
Data Relationships
Preference Mapping
The Treatment Structure of an Experimental Design

GUIDELINES FOR CHOICE OF TECHNIQUE
Introduction

GUIDELINES FOR REPORTING RESULTS
Introduction
Summary
Objective
Experimental
Results and Discussion

STATISTICAL TABLES

Index

References appear at the end of each chapter.