Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for the Assessment of Human Exposure to Environmental Pollutants

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hadi Dehghani is a Full Professor at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. His scientific research interest includes environmental science. He is an editorial board member, guest editor, and reviewer in many internal and international journals and is a member of several international science committees around the world. He has authored or edited 16 books and more than 230 full papers published in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Rama Rao Karri is a professor (senior assistant) in the Faculty of Engineering at Universiti Teknologi Brunei. He has over 18 years of experience in academia, industry, and research. He has published 200+ research articles in reputed journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings. Dr. Nikolaos Rousis is a Chemist and works as a Researcher at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, and the Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), University of Queensland, Australia. He was awarded his PhD at the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research in Milan, Italy. His scientific research interests mainly focus on analytical and environmental chemistry and wastewater-based epidemiology. He has published numerous peer-reviewed papers in international journals and book chapters. He is also a reviewer for many international scientific journals. Prof. Emma Gracia-Lor is a Professor in the Department of Analytical Chemistry and part of the Faculty of Chemistry at Complutense University in Madrid, Spain. She received her PhD in Chemistry from the University Jaume I of Castellón (Spain), where she received the Extraordinary Doctorate Award. Her research is focused on analytical and environmental chemistry and wastewater-based epidemiology. She has published numerous peer-reviewed papers in international journals and book chapters.

Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments

1. Wastewater-based epidemiology: Evidence mapping toward identifying emerging areas of research
Mina Aghaei, Masud Yunesian, Hosna Janjani and Mohammad Hadi Dehghani

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Material and methods
1.3 Results and discussion
1.4 Challenges and limitations
1.5 Conclusion
Conflict of interest
Acknowledgment
References

2. Moving beyond wastewater analysis toward epidemiology
Cobus Gerber, Emma L. Jaunay, Bradley S. Simpson and Jason M. White

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Drug consumption, metabolism, and excretion
2.3 Wastewater sampling and analysis
2.4 Beyond analysis toward epidemiology
2.5 Conclusions
References

3. Sampling techniques in wastewater-based epidemiology approach
Lilian Feltraco Lizot, Marcos Frank Bastiani, Camila Favretto de Souza, Roberta Zilles Hahn and Rafael Linden

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Active sampling
3.3 Passive sampling
3.4 Conclusion
References

4. Assessment of in-sample and in-sewer stability of biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology: an important step
Jianfa Gao, Jake W. O’Brien, Jiaying Li, Phil Choi, Yijing Li and Phong K. Thai

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodology used to evaluate biomarker stability
4.3 In-sewer stabilities of biomarkers
4.4 In-sample stability of biomarkers and the selection of preservative methods
4.5 Factors affecting the degradation of biomarkers
4.6 Implications for wastewater-based epidemiology
4.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References

5. Population biomarkers for wastewater-based epidemiology
Jake W. O’Brien, Phong K. Thai and Benjamin J. Tscharke

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Flowdthe first proposed wastewater population biomarker
5.3 What makes a good wastewater-based epidemiology population marker?
5.4 Summary and perspective: continuing the quest for identifying population biomarkers
Acknowledgements
References

6. Wastewater-based epidemiology through pharmaceuticals as biochemical markers and associated challenges
Charu Juneja, Purusottam Tripathy, Om Prakash, Deepak Panchal, Abhishek Sharma, Ritesh Vijay and Sukdeb Pal

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Water fingerprinting through WBE: a new approach to evaluating public health
6.3 Biomarkers of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
6.4 Population biomarker: a paradigm for PPCPs prevalence
6.5 Limitations
6.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References

7. The complexities associated with the detection of new psychoactive substances in wastewater
Richard Bade, Dhayaalini Nadarajan and Cobus Gerber

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Analytical methods
7.3 Considerations for future methods
7.4 Conclusion
References

8. Wastewater-based epidemiology for assessing and monitoring human exposure to pesticides
Evsen Yavuz Guzel, Asli Atasoy Aydin and Nebile Daglioglu

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Pesticides groups
8.3 Analytical method
8.4 Stability of parent pesticides and their metabolites in wastewater
8.5 Human risk assessment
8.6 Limitations and future research needs
8.7 Conclusion
References

9. Expansion and diversification of wastewater-based epidemiology strategies in pandemic conditions to serve immediate public health goals
Erin M. Driver, Devin A. Bowes and Rolf U. Halden

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and methods
9.3 Results and discussion
9.4 Conclusion
References

10. Viral surveillance of wastewater as a promising tool to assess the spread of pathogens in the population: the experience of SARS-CoV-2
Giulia Salmoiraghi, Silvia Schiarea, Laura Pellegrinelli, Valeria Primache, Sandro Binda, Elena Pariani, Giovanni Nattino, Guido Bertolini, Francesca Pizza, Ettore Zuccato and Sara Castiglioni

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Aim of the study
10.3 Material and methods
10.4 Results and discussion
10.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References

Index