Introduction to Desalination (eBook)

Louis Theodore, Eng.Sc.D, (retired) was a Professor of Chemical Engineering for 50 years. He is the author of several publications, including Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer, Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer, Mass Transfer Operations for the Practicing Engineer, and Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations and Pollution Prevention. R. Ryan Dupont, PhD, is Cazier Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and a Research Associate at the Utah Water Research Laboratory. He is the author of many research publications and books including Groundwater and Soil Remediation: Process Design and Cost Estimating of Proven Technologies, Water Resource Management Issues: Basic Principles and Applications, and Unit Operations in Environmental Engineering.

Preface vii

Dedication xi

Part I Introduction 1

1 Global Water Scarcity and the Need for "New Water" 3

2 Technical Glossary 21

3 Engineering Principles 47

4 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Materials 75

5 Water Properties 101

6 Water Chemistry 127

7 The Conservation Laws, Stoichiometry, and Thermodynamics 143

8 Unit Operations 171

Part II Desalination and Water Treatment Processes 199

9 The Desalination Process 201

10 Evaporation 223

11 Reverse Osmosis 247

12 Crystallization 271

13 Traditional Desalination Processes 295

14 New Desalination Processes 315

15 Non-Desalination Processes 335

Part III Select Related Topics 351

16 Water Conservation 353

17 Economic Considerations 381

18 Optimization Considerations 401

19 Ethical Considerations 433

20 The Future of Desalination 459

Index 475