Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry, Volume 1

Ronald E. Wrolstad, PhD, is a Distinguised Professor in the Department of Food Science & Technology at Oregon State University. Eric A. Decker, PbD, is a Professor in the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He is an author, with Cameron Faustman and Clemente J. Lopez-Bote of Antioxidants in Muscle Foods: Nutritional Strategies to Improve Quality, also published by Wiley. Steven J. Schwartz, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Food Science & Technology at The Ohio State University. Peter Sporns, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science and is the Associate Chair of the graduate program in that department at the University of Alberta, Canada.

VOLUME 1. Preface.

Foreword to Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry.

Contributors.

A: WATER.

A1. Gravimetric Measurements of Water.

A1.1 Gravimetric Determination of Water by Drying and Weighing.

A1.2 Karl Fischer Titration.

A1.3 Application of Low-Resolution NMR for Simultaneous Moisture and Oil Determination in Flood (Oilseeds).

A1.4 Traditional Indirect methods for Estimation of Water Content: Measurement of Brix.

A.2 Vapor Pressure Measurements of Water.

A2.1 Factors to Consider When Estimating Water Vapor Pressure.

A2.2 Dew-Point Method for the Determination of Water Activity.

A2.3 Measurement of Water Activity Using Isopiestic Method.

A2.4 Direct Manometric Determination of Vapor Pressure.

A2.5 Measurement of Water Activity by Electronic Sensors.

B: PROTEINS.

B1. Measurement of Protein Content.

B1.1 The Colorimetric Detection and Quantitation of Total Protein.

B1.2 Determination of Total Nitrogen.

B1.3 Spectrophotometric Determination of Protein Concentration.

B.2 Biochemical Compositional Analyses of Proteins.

B2.1 Analyses of Protein Quality.

B2.2 Evaluation of the Progress of Protein Hydrolysis.

B.3 Characterization of Proteins.

B3.1 Electrophoresis Analysis.

B3.2 Electrobloting from Polyacrylamide Gels.

B3.3 Detection of Proteins on Blot Membranes.

B3.4 Immunoblot Detection.

B3.5 Determining the CD Spectrum of a Protein.

B3.6 Determining the Fluorescence Spectrum of a Protein.

B.4 Purification of Proteins.

B4.1 Overview of Protein Purification and Characterization.

B4.2 Overview of Conventional Chromatography.

B.5 Functionality of Proteins.

B5.1 Measurement of Functional Properties: Overview of Protein Functionality Testing.

B5.2 Measurement of Protein Hydrophobicity.

B5.3 Water Retention Properties of Solid Foods.

C: ENZYMES.

C1. Strategies for Enzymes Activity Measurements.

C1.1 Expression and Measurement of Enzyme Activity.

C1.2 Detecting Enzyme Activity: A Case Study of Polygalacturonase.

C.2 Proteolytic Enzymes.

C2.1 Activity Measurements of Proteinases Using Synthetic Substrates.

C2.2 Peptodase Activity Assays Using Protein Substrates.

C.3 Lipolytic Enzymes.

C3.1 Lipase Assays.

C.4 Oxidoreductases.

C4.1 Polarographic and Spectrophotometric Assay of Diphenol Oxidases (Polyphenol Oxidase).

C4.2 Analysis of Lipoxygenase Activity and Products.

D: LIPIDS.

D1. Lipid Composition.

D1.1 Extraction and Measurement of Total Lipids.

D1.2 Analysis of Fatty Acids in Food Lipids.

D1.3 Cholesterol.

D1.4 Oil Quality Indices.

D1.5 Analysis of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols.

D1.6 Quantitation of Lipid Classes by Thin-Layer Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection.

D1.7 Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Total Trans Fatty Acids.

D.2 Lipid Oxidation/Stability.

D2.1 Measurement of Primary Lipid Oxidation Products.

D2.2 Chromatographic Analysis of Secondary Lipid Oxidation Products.

D2.3 Assessment of Oxidative Stability for Lipids.

D2.4 Spectrophotometric Measurement of Secondary Lipid Oxidation Products.

D.3 Physical Properties of Lipids.

D3.1 Determination of Solid Fat Content by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

D3.2 Lipid Crystal Characterization.

D3.3 Emulsion Droplet Size Determination.

D3.4 Emulsion Stability Determination.

D3.5 Key Concepts of Interfacial Properties in Food Chemistry.

D3.6 Static and Dynamic Interfacial Tension Analysis.

E: CARBOHYDRATES.

E1. Mono- and Oligosaccharides.

E1.1 Colorimetric Quantification of Carbohydrates.

E1.2 HPLC of Mon- and Disaccharides Using Refractive Index Detection.

E.2 Starch and Starch Derivatives.

E2.1 Overview of Laboratory Isolation of Starch from Plant Materials.

E2.2 Enzymatic Quantitation of Total Starch in Plant Products.

E2.3 Determination of Total Amylose Content of Starch.

E.3 Cell Wall Polysaccharides.

E3.1 Isolation of Plant Cell Walls and Fractionation of Cell wall Polysaccharides.

E3.2 Determination of Neutral Sugars by Gas Chromatography of Their Alditol Acetates.

E3.3 Determination of the Uronic Acid Content of Plant Cell Walls Using a Colorimetric Assay.

E3.4 Determining the Degree of Methylation and Acetylation of Pectin.

E3.5 Quantitative Determination of ß-Glucan Content.

Index.