Design of Steel Transmission Pole Structures

Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Scope
2 Applicable Documents
3 Definitions
4 Loading, Geometry, and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Loading
4.2.1 Factored Design Loads
4.2.2 Loading Considerations
4.2.3 Load Expression
4.3 Geometric Configurations
4.3.1 Configuration Considerations
4.3.2 Structure Types
4.4 Methods of Analysis
4.4.1 Structural Analysis Methods
4.4.2 Analysis of Connections
4.5 Additional Considerations
4.5.1 Structural Support
4.5.2 Design Restrictions
4.5.3 Climbing and Maintenance Provisions
4.5.4 Pre-Engineered Steel Poles (Wood Pole Equivalents)
5 Design of Members
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Members
5.2.1 Material
5.2.1.1 Specifications
5.2.1.2 Material Properties
5.2.1.3 Energy-Impact Properties
5.2.2 Tension
5.2.3 Compression
5.2.3.1 Truss Members
5.2.3.2 Beam Members
5.2.4 Shear
5.2.5 Bending
5.2.6 Combined Stresses
5.3 Guys
5.3.1 Material Properties
5.3.2 Tension
5.4 Test Verification
6 Design of Connections
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Bolted and Pinned Connections
6.2.1 Material
6.2.2 Shear Stress in Bearing Connections
6.2.3 Bolts Subject to Tension
6.2.4 Bolts Subject to Combined Shear and Tension
6.2.5 Bearing Stress in Bolted Connections
6.2.6 Minimum Edge Distances and Bolt Spacing for Bolted Connections
6.2.7 Bearing Stress in Pinned Connections
6.2.8 Minimum Edge Distances for Pinned Connections
6.2.9 Connection Elements and Members
6.3 Welded Connections
6.3.1 Material Properties
6.3.2 Effective Area
6.3.3 Design Stresses
6.3.3.1 Through-Thickness Stress
6.3.4 Circumferential Welded Splices
6.3.5 Flange and Base Plate to Pole Shaft Welds
6.3.6 T-Joints
6.4 Field Connections of Members
6.4.1. Slip Joints
6.4.2 Base and Flange Plate Connections
6.5 Test Verification
7 Detailing and Fabrication
7.1 Detailing
7.1.1 Drawings
7.1.2 Drawing Review
7.1.3 Erection Drawings
7.1.4 Shop Detail Drawings
7.1.4.1 Material
7.1.4.2 Dimensions and Tolerances
7.1.4.3 Welding
7.1.4.4 Corrosion and Finish Considerations
7.1.4.5 Other Requirements
7.2 Fabrication
7.2.1 Material
7.2.2 Material Preparation
7.2.2.1 Cutting
7.2.2.2 Forming
7.2.2.3 Holes
7.2.2.4 Identification
7.2.3 Welding
8 Testing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Foundations
8.3 Material
8.4 Fabrication
8.5 Strain Measurements
8.6 Assembly and Erection
8.7 Test Loads
8.8 Load Application
8.9 Loading Procedure
8.10 Load Measurement
8.11 Deflections
8.12 Failures
8.13 Post-Test Inspection
8.14 Disposition of Prototype
8.15 Report
9 Structural Members and Connections Used in Foundations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 General Considerations
9.3 Anchor Bolts
9.3.1 Bolts Subject to Tension
9.3.2 Shear Stress
9.3.3 Combined Shear and Tension
9.3.4 Development Length
9.4 Direct-Embedded Poles
9.5 Embedded Casings
9.6 Test Verification
10 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Quality Assurance
10.2.1 Design and Drawings
10.2.2 Material
10.2.3 Welding
10.2.4 Nondestructive Testing
10.2.5 Tolerances
10.2.6 Surface Coatings
10.2.7 Shipping
10.3 Quality Control
10.3.1 Material
10.3.2 Visual Inspection
10.3.3 Dimensional Inspection
10.3.4 Surface Coating Inspection
10.3.5 Weld Inspection
10.3.6 Shipment and Storage
11 Assembly and Erection
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Handling
11.3 Single-Pole Structures
11.3.1 Slip Joints
11.3.2 Bolted Flange Joints
11.3.3 Attachments to Pole Sections
11.3.4 Erection of Assembled Structures
11.4 Frame-Type Structures
11.4.1 Slip Joints in Frames
11.4.2 Erection
11.4.3 Bolted Frame Connections
11.5 Installation on Foundation
11.5.1 Anchor Bolt and Base Plate Installation
11.5.2 Direct-Embedded Poles
11.5.3 Embedded Casings
11.6 Guying
11.6.1 Guy Anchor Location
11.6.2 Guy Installation
11.7 Post-Erection Procedures
11.7.1 Inspection
11.7.2 Grounding
11.7.3 Coating Repair
11.7.4 Unloaded Arms
11.7.5 Hardware Installation
12 Reference Documents
Commentary

C4 Loading, Geometry, and Analysis


C4.2 Loading
C4.2.1 Factored Design Loads
C4.2.2 Loading Considerations
C4.2.3 Load Expression
C4.3 Geometric Configurations
C4.3.1 Configuration Considerations
C4.3.2 Structure Types
C4.4 Methods of Analysis
C4.4.1 Structural Analysis Methods
C4.5 Additional Considerations
C4.5.1 Structural Support
C4.5.2 Design Restrictions
C4.5.3 Climbing and Maintenance Provisions
C4.5.4 Pre-Engineered Steel Poles (Wood Pole Equivalents)
C5 Design of Members
C5.1 Introduction
C5.2 Members
C5.2.1 Material
C5.2.1.1 Specifications
C5.2.1.2 Material Properties
C5.2.1.3 Energy-Impact Properties
C5.2.2 Tension
C5.2.3 Compression
C5.2.3.1 Truss Members
C5.2.3.2 Beam Members
C5.2.4 Shear
C5.2.5 Bending
C5.2.6 Combined Stresses
C5.3 Guys
C5.3.1 Material Properties
C5.3.2 Tension
References
C6 Design of Connections
C6.1 Introduction
C6.2 Bolted and Pinned Connections
C6.2.1 Material
C6.2.2 Shear Stress in Bearing Connections
C6.2.3 Bolts Subject to Tension
C6.2.5 Bearing Stress in Bolted Connections
C6.2.6 Minimum Edge Distances and Bolt Spacing for Bolted Connections
C6.2.7 Bearing Stress in Pinned Connections
C6.2.8 Minimum Edge Distances for Pinned Connections
C6.2.9 Connection Elements and Members
C6.3 Welded Connections
C6.3.3 Design Stresses
C6.3.3.1 Through-Thickness Stress
C6.4 Field Connections of Members
C6.4.1 Slip Joints
C6.4.2 Base and Flange Plate Connections
C6.5 Test Verification
C7 Detailing and Fabrication
C7.1 Detailing
C7.1.1 Drawings
C7.1.2 Drawing Review
C7.1.3 Erection Drawings
C7.1.4 Shop Detail Drawings
C7.1.4.2 Dimensions and Tolerances
C7.1.4.4 Corrosion and Finish Considerations
C7.1.4.5 Other Requirements
C7.2 Fabrication
C7.2.1 Material
C7.2.2 Material Preparation
C7.2.2.1 Cutting
C7.2.2.2 Forming
C7.2.2.3 Holes
C7.2.2.4 Identification
C7.2.3 Welding
C8 Testing
C8.1 Introduction
C8.2 Foundations
C8.3 Material
C8.4 Fabrication
C8.5 Strain Measurements
C8.6 Assembly and Erection
C8.7 Test Loads
C8.8 Load Application
C8.9 Loading Procedure
C8.10 Load Measurement
C8.11 Deflections
C8.12 Failures
C8.13 Post-Test Inspection
C8.14 Disposition of Prototype
C9 Structural Members and Connections Used in Foundations
C9.1 Introduction
C9.2 General Considerations
C9.3 Anchor Bolts
C9.3.3 Combined Shear and Tension
C9.3.4 Development Length
C9.4 Direct-Embedded Poles
C9.5 Embedded Casings
C10 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
C10.1 Introduction
C10.2 Quality Assurance
C10.2.1 Design and Drawings
C10.2.4 Nondestructive Testing
C10.2.5 Tolerances
C10.2.6 Surface Coatings
C10.2.7 Shipping
C10.3 Quality Control
C10.3.1 Material
C10.3.3 Dimensional Inspection
C10.3.4 Surface Coating Inspection
C10.3.5 Weld Inspection
C10.3.6 Shipment and Storage
C11 Assembly and Erection
C11.1 Introduction
C11.2 Handling
C11.3 Single-Pole Structures
C11.3.1 Slip Joints
C11.3.2 Bolted Flange Joints
C11.3.3 Attachments to Pole Sections
C11.3.4 Erection of Assembled Structures
C11.4 Frame-Type Structures
C11.4.1 Slip Joints in Frames
C11.4.2 Erection
C11.4.3 Bolted Frame Connections
C11.5 Installation on Foundation
C11.5.1 Anchor Bolt and Base Plate Installation
C11.5.2 Direct-Embedded Poles
C11.5.3 Embedded Casings
C11.6 Guying
C11.6.1 Guy Anchor Location
C11.6.2 Guy Installation
C11.7 Post-Erection Procedures
C11.7.1 Inspection
C11.7.2 Grounding
C11.7.3 Coating Repair
C11.7.4 Unloaded Arms
C11.7.5 Hardware Installation
Appendix A Notation
Appendix B Properties of Various Tubular Sections
Notation
Appendix C Reserved for Future Editions
Appendix D Headed Anchor Bolts
Material Specifications
Design Considerations
Other Considerations
Appendix E Assembly and Erection
Introduction
Structure Assembly
Arm Connection Assembly
Helicopter Erection
Maintenance and Inspection
Wind-Induced Vibration
Structures and Members
Attached Conductors and Static Wires
Appendix F Shaft-to-Foundation Connection
Base Plates: Analysis Considerations
Calculation of Anchor Bolt Load
Appendix G Corrosion Protection and Finish Considerations
Introduction
Corrosion Mechanisms
Corrosion Protection and Finish Options
Paint and Coating Systems
Above-Grade Protection
Below-Grade Protection
Surface Preparation
Application
Inspection
Paint or Coating Over Galvanizing
Galvanizing
Protection Provided
Appearance
Special Design Considerations
Application
Repair
Weathering Steel
Metalizing
References

Appendix H Arm-to-Shaft Connection Analysis Considerations
General Load, Dimension, and Material Specifications
Appendix I Flange and Base Plate Connections
Introduction
Description
Considerations
Material
Welding
Welding Procedure Qualification
Backing Bars
UT Inspection
Toe Cracks
Base and Flange Plate Thickness
Center Openings
Bolt Patterns
Appendix J Forged/Rolled Ring Base Plates and Flange Plates
Background
Manufacturing Process
Advantages and Disadvantages
Specifying Forged/Rolled Ring Base Plates
Summary

Index