Advances in Design Engineering (eBook)

Preface and Acknowledgements 6
Organization Committee 8
Conference Chair 8
Conference Program Chairs 8
Conference Advisory Chairmen 8
Scientific Committee 8
Organizing Committee 9
President 9
Secretary 9
Members 10
Contents 11
Product Design and Development 19
Use of Composite Materials in the Design of a Ventilation Grille Attending to Eco-Sustainability Factors 20
Abstract 20
1 Introduction 20
2 Methodology 22
3 Formulation of the Material 23
4 Results and Discussion 26
5 Conclusions 28
References 28
Improvement in the Design of a Front Hub for the BMX Bicycle 30
Abstract 30
1 Introduction 30
2 Market Analysis, Classification, and User Needs 31
3 Design Conditions 32
4 Development of Design and Results 33
5 Conclusions 38
References 39
Prosumer and Product Design Through Digital Tools 40
Abstract 40
1 Introduction 40
2 Methodological Description 41
3 Results 42
3.1 Individual and Free Participation Cases 42
3.2 Individual and Restricted Participation Cases 43
3.3 Collective and Free Participation Cases 43
3.4 Collective and Restricted Participation Cases 44
4 Discussion 44
5 Conclusions 45
References 46
Sustainability Assessment in the Implementation Phase of a Retail Space 48
Abstract 48
1 Introduction 48
2 Methodology 50
3 Case Study 51
3.1 Goal and Scope 51
3.2 Inventory 51
3.3 Impact Assessment 53
3.4 Results Interpretation 54
4 Conclusions 55
References 56
Comparative Analysis of Ecodesign in the Design and Manufacturing Methods for Mechanical Parts Made of Nylon PA6 57
Abstract 57
1 Introduction 57
2 Materials and Methods 58
2.1 Material Selection 58
2.2 Design Definition 58
2.3 Software 59
2.4 Simulation: Machining 60
2.5 Simulation: Injection 61
2.6 Simulation: Additive Manufacturing FDM 62
2.7 Life Cycle Assessment 62
3 Results and Discussion 63
4 Conclusions 64
References 65
Co-creative Experiences for the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 66
Abstract 66
1 Introduction 66
2 Materials and Methods 67
2.1 Objectives 67
2.2 Co-creation Methodologies. Selection and Analysis of Case Studies 67
3 Results and Discussion 70
4 Conclusions 72
References 72
A Swift Clench-and-Release Device for Bicycles’ Wheels with Disk Brakes 75
Abstract 75
1 Introduction 75
2 State of the Art 76
3 Comparison Among Possible Alternatives 77
4 Discussion About the 3D Assemblies for the Two Options 79
5 Strength and Weakness Points of the Selected Architecture 81
6 Conclusion 83
References 84
Design of Urban Furniture for the Rehabilitation of Spaces 85
Abstract 85
1 Introduction 85
2 Market Research and Design Specifications 87
3 Rough Drafts and Conceptual Design 89
4 Detail Design 90
5 Conclusions 92
References 92
Application of New Systems for Positioning the Steering Wheel in Vehicles for the Improvement of Ergonomics in Autonomous Driving 94
Abstract 94
1 Introduction 94
2 Materials and Methods 95
2.1 Mechanism for the Displacement and Positioning of the Steering Wheel 96
2.1.1 Electric Linear Actuators and Automatic Electric Linear Guides 96
2.1.2 Coupling Mechanisms 97
2.1.3 Adapted Bearing 99
2.2 External Elements 99
2.2.1 Adapted Steering Wheel 100
2.2.2 Dashboard 100
3 Results 100
4 Conclusions 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
Conceptual Design of Foldable and Stackable Furniture for Preschool Classrooms 103
Abstract 103
1 Introduction 103
2 Objectives 105
3 Materials and Methods 105
3.1 Software Used and Rules, Standards and Regulations Followed 106
4 Results and Discussion 106
4.1 Highchair 106
4.2 Chair 107
4.3 Desk 107
4.4 Materials selection 108
5 Conclusions 109
References 109
Computer-Aided Design and Interactive Design 111
The Inclined Plane Rosary Pump of Benito Bails’ ‘Elements of Mathematics’ (1790): Geometric Modeling and Virtual Reconstruction 112
Abstract 112
1 Introduction 112
2 Materials and Methods 113
3 Results and Discussion 115
4 Conclusions 118
Acknowledgments 119
References 119
The Model Based Definition Features - MBD Applied to the Technical Computer Aid Design and Drawing 120
Abstract 120
1 Introduction 120
2 Analysis of Autodesk Inventor 2018 122
3 Analysis of Solid Works 2018 125
4 Comparative Analysis of Solid Works and Inventor 126
5 Conclusions 128
References 129
Geometrical Study of the Barrel as an Element of the Wine-Making Productive Process. Parameterization and Modelling 130
Abstract 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Traditional Empirical Formulas 131
3 Delimitation of the Error When Considering a Circular Stave or Parabolic Barrel and the Relation of Inner Surface over Storage Volume 132
4 Experimentation in the Variation of the Barrel Geometry with the Help of Parametric CAD 133
5 Volume and Surface of the Barrel Considering the Revolution of a Circumference Arc Through the Infinitesimal Calculus 134
6 Conclusions 137
References 137
Walking Mechanisms: Study and Design for Use in Sandy Environments 138
Abstract 138
1 Introduction 138
2 Analysis of Movement by Wheels and Legs 139
3 Walking Mechanisms 140
4 Mechanism Design 142
5 Prototype Construction 144
6 Possible Applications of the Mechanism 145
7 Conclusions 145
References 145
A Proposed Methodology for Calculating the Rigid Body Natural Frequencies of EPDM Rubber Fixed Supports with the Finite Element Method (FEM) 147
Abstract 147
1 Introduction 147
2 Finite Element Model Proposed 148
3 Experimental Modal Analysis 151
4 Results 154
5 Conclusions 155
References 155
The Importance of 3D Scanned Mesh Processing in FEM Simulation Results 157
Abstract 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Materials and Methods 158
2.1 A Scanning Process 159
2.2 Preprocessing Process 161
2.3 FEM Model 162
3 Results and Discussion 164
4 Conclusions 165
Acknowledgments 165
References 165
Manufacturing and Industrial Process Design 166
Inspection of 3D Printing and Advanced Manufacturing Processes Using Hybrid 3D Metrological Technologies 167
Abstract 167
1 Introduction 167
2 Measurement with CMM 168
2.1 CMM Measurement Results 169
2.2 Overall Results 170
2.3 Diameters 171
2.4 Sections 171
2.5 Roundness Error 172
3 Measurement with Structured Light 173
3.1 Measurement Results with Structured Light 173
4 Computerized Tomography Measurements 175
4.1 X-Ray Inspection Results 176
5 Conclusions 177
Acknowledgments 178
References 178
Conformal Cooling Systems Design and Dimensioning for Injection Molds 180
Abstract 180
1 Introduction, Background and Related Work 180
2 Parameterization and Design of the Conformal Cooling System 182
3 Physical Model for the Analysis of the Cooling System 182
4 Numerical Analysis of the Conformal Cooling Systems 184
5 Results 185
6 Conclusions 187
Acknowledgments 187
References 188
Custom Elasticity Materials Through Mixing Thermoplastics with Extrusion 3D Printers 189
Abstract 189
1 Introduction 189
2 Methods 190
2.1 Printing Specimens 190
2.2 Testing Specimens 193
3 Results 193
4 Discussion and Conclusions 195
References 196
Wheelchair Mobility Aid Through the Adaptation of Electric Scooters 198
Abstract 198
1 Introduction 198
2 Analysis of the State of the Art 200
2.1 State of the Art 200
3 Conceptual Design. Initial Ideas 201
4 Conclusion 203
References 203
Graphical Bioengineering 205
A Custom-Made Photogrammetry Scanner to Support Paediatric Surgery 206
Abstract 206
1 Introduction 207
2 The Photogrammetry Scanner 207
2.1 Raspberries and Cameras 208
2.2 Photographing, Light, Data Storage and Synchronization 208
2.3 Image Acquisition and 3D Object Creation Software 208
2.4 Housing 208
2.5 Calibration, Scaling and Test Scans 209
3 First Field Test 210
4 Results and Discussion 210
5 Conclusions and Future Work 213
Acknowledgements and financial support 213
References 214
Best-Fit Alignment in the Digital Dental Workflow 215
Abstract 215
1 Introduction 216
2 Methodology 219
3 Results and Discussion 222
4 Conclusions 223
Acknowledgments 224
References 224
Digitization of the Mechanical Articulator: Virtual Articulator 225
Abstract 225
1 Introduction 225
2 State of the Art 226
2.1 Historical Evolution of the Mechanical Articulator 226
2.2 Description of the Dental Articulator 227
2.3 Digital Systems for Dentistry 227
2.4 The Virtual Articulator 227
3 Methodology 228
4 Results 229
5 Conclusions and Future Work 231
Acknowledgments 231
References 231
Medical Play Therapy: Development of the JUNIOR-MRI Role Play 232
Abstract 232
1 Introduction 232
2 Design and Construction of the Medical Play Room 234
3 Methods 237
4 Discussion and Conclusions 238
Acknowledgments 238
References 238
Infrared Thermography as a Visualization Technique for Light Muscle Pathologies 240
Abstract 240
1 Introduction 240
2 Materials and Methods 243
3 Results and Discussion 243
4 Conclusion 245
Acknowledgements 245
References 245
Development of a Methodology of 3D Modeling of Heads for Their Application in the Design of Customized Sports Helmets 247
Abstract 247
1 Introduction 247
2 Materials and Methods 248
2.1 Equipment 248
2.2 Tuning 250
2.3 Hair Influence 251
2.4 Benchmarking for Optimal Conditions 253
3 Results and Discussion 253
3.1 Results 253
3.2 Real User Application 255
3.3 Proposed Methodologies 255
4 Conclusions 256
References 256
Comparative Analysis of the Adhesion of Metallic Inserts on Dental Implants-Prosthetic Assembly Generated by Polymeric Materials Used for Additive Manufacturing 258
Abstract 258
1 Introduction 258
2 Materials and Methods 261
2.1 Materials 261
2.2 Adhesion Test 263
2.3 Tensile Test 263
3 Results and Discussion 264
4 Conclusions 265
Acknowledgements 266
References 266
3D-Printed Canine Tibia Model from Clinical Computed Tomography Data 267
Abstract 267
1 Introduction 267
2 Materials and Methodology 268
2.1 Case Description. Canine Anatomy 268
2.2 CT Medical Imaging Acquisition (CT Scan) 269
2.3 Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction 269
3 Conclusions 273
Acknowledgments 274
References 274
Efficacy of Morpho-Geometrical Analysis of the Corneal Surfaces in Keratoconus Disease According to Moderate Visual Limitation 276
Abstract 276
1 Introduction 276
2 Materials and Methods 277
2.1 Participants 277
2.2 Examination Protocol 278
2.3 Statistical Analysis 279
3 Results 280
3.1 Roc Analysis 280
4 Discussion 282
5 Conclusion 283
Financial Disclosure 283
References 284
Innovation in Design 286
Experimental and Analytical Approaches for Determining the Axial Behavior of Cylindrical Extension Springs 287
Abstract 287
1 Introduction 287
2 Study of an Extension Spring with Extended Loops 288
2.1 Details of the Extension Spring 288
2.2 Experimental Test Bench 289
2.3 Experimental Results 289
2.4 Analytical Study 290
2.5 Results and Discussion 293
3 Study of an Extension Spring with a Smooth Decrease of Pretension in the Body 294
4 Conclusions 294
References 295
Design Guidelines for Light and Noise Management in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 296
Abstract 296
1 Introduction 296
2 Effects of Noise and Benefits of Noise Reduction in Newborns 297
2.1 Negative Effects of Noise 297
2.2 Benefits of Noise Reduction 298
3 Effects of Light Stimulus and Benefits of Light Reduction in Newborns 298
3.1 Negative Effects of Light Stimulus Increase 298
3.2 Benefits of Light Reduction 299
4 Objectives and Procedure 299
4.1 A Developmental Centered Care and Human-Centered Design Multidisciplinary Approach 300
5 Design Guidelines for Noise and Light Reduction 302
6 Conclusions 303
References 304
Inspiration in Elements of Nature for the Promotion of Creativity in the Conceptual Design of Products 306
Abstract 306
1 Introduction 306
2 The Inspiration in Nature and the Use of Analogies in the Design Process 307
3 Materials and Methods 309
4 Results 310
5 Conclusions 313
References 313
Teaching – Learning in Graphic Engineering 315
Objective Evaluation of Geometrical Product Specification/Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing Basic Skills 316
Abstract 316
1 Introduction 316
2 Limits of the Traditional Mode for Design Examinations and Evaluation Grid 318
3 Applying the Evaluation Grid 320
4 Examples of GPS/GD& T Closed-Ended Exercises
5 Examples of GPS/GD& T Open-Ended Exercises
6 Conclusions 322
Acknowledgments 322
References 322
How to Assess the Impact of ICT Contribution in the Graphic Expression Subjects for Engineering Degrees? 324
Abstract 324
1 Introduction 324
2 Methodology 325
2.1 Framework of Study 325
2.2 Learning Systems 326
2.3 ARCS Model 326
2.4 Assessment of Satisfaction, Motivation and Effectiveness 327
2.5 Data Analysis 327
3 Results 327
4 Conclusions 329
Acknowledgments 330
References 330
Industrial Design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship 331
Abstract 331
1 Introduction 331
2 Materials and Methods 333
3 Results 337
4 Conclusions 339
Acknowledgments 339
References 339
On the Internationalization of CAD Learning Through an English Glossary 341
Abstract 341
1 Introduction 341
2 Methodology 342
2.1 Selection and Definition of Specific Terms of 3D Modelling CAD Tools 342
2.2 Design and Use of the Educational Website 343
2.3 Definition of a Survey for Students 344
3 Results 346
4 Conclusions 348
Acknowledgments 348
References 348
Analysis of Spatial Comprehension Through a Retrospective Study of Its Effects Among First Year Electrical Engineering Students 350
Abstract 350
1 Introduction 350
1.1 Previous Works 351
2 Materials and Methods 352
3 Type of Exercises for the Evaluation of Spatial Comprehension 352
4 Results and Discussion 354
5 Limitations of the Research Study 356
Acknowledgments 356
References 356
Self-assessment in Industrial Engineering. Pilot Test in Graphic Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Catalunya-BarcelonaTech 358
Abstract 358
1 Introduction. Self-evaluation and Its Context 358
2 Self-assessment in Graphic Engineering 359
2.1 Dynamics of the Graphic Engineering Subject 360
2.2 Self-assessment Surveys 360
2.3 Survey Processing 361
3 Self-evaluation Results 362
3.1 PROJ_EG 17–18. The Notes that Self-evaluate the Project in Course 2017–18 362
3.2 DES_PROJ_EG 17–18. The Lag of Grades Comparing Self-assessment with Actual Grade Corrected by Project Teacher in the Course 2017–18 363
3.3 PROJ_EG 18–19. The Notes that Self-evaluate the Project in 2018–19 Course 363
3.4 DES_PROJ_EG 18–19. The Lag of Notes Comparing Self-assessment with Actual Score Corrected by the Project Teacher in 2018–19 Course 364
4 Conclusions 365
4.1 Conclusions About the Results 365
4.2 Research Conclusions 365
References 366
About BIM in Civil Engineering 367
Abstract 367
1 What is BIM? 367
2 BIM in Civil Engineering 368
2.1 Present Situation 368
2.2 Design Software Implementation 368
3 Description of Subject Contents 369
4 Case Study 370
5 Conclusion 374
Acknowledgements 375
References 375
Where is Descriptive Geometry Heading? 376
Abstract 376
1 Introduction 376
2 Planning and Development 377
3 Methods Comparison 381
4 Results 382
5 Conclusions 383
References 384
Active Learning, Improvement of Spatial Abilities and Understanding of Technical Drawing in the Graphic Expression Course 385
Abstract 385
1 Introduction 385
2 Graphic Expression in Electronic and Automatic Engineering 387
2.1 Teaching Experience in the Course Prior to the 2018–19 Academic Year 388
3 Teaching Innovation Project (PIIDUZ). Active Learning 389
3.1 Materials and Methods 389
3.2 Results 391
3.3 Discussion 394
4 Conclusions 395
References 395
Experience in the Implementation of a Product Lifecycle Management System (PLM) for the Management of Projects in the Subject of Technical Office 397
Abstract 397
1 Introducción 397
2 Context and Objectives 398
2.1 Objectives 399
3 Materials 399
3.1 Server Configuration 400
3.2 Configuration of Client Computers 400
4 Method 400
4.1 Practice Preparation 401
4.2 Basic Skills 401
4.3 Advanced Skills 402
5 Conclusions 403
Acknowledgements 404
References 404
From Y to Z Generation, an Engineering Students’ Spatial Skill Analysis 406
Abstract 406
1 Introduction 406
2 State of the Art 407
2.1 Spatial Ability 407
2.2 Engineering Students in 2008 vs 2018 407
3 Methodology 408
4 Results 409
4.1 MRT and DAT Longitudinal Analysis 409
4.2 Longitudinal UAT Results in Technical Drawing at ULL 409
5 Discussion 410
6 Conclusions 411
References 412
Fostering Outcomes INGENIA Subjects and Digital Prototyping Laboratories
Abstract 414
1 Introduction 414
2 INGENIA Subjects 415
3 Satisfaction and Assessment of Outcomes by Students in the Subjects INGENIA 417
4 Industrial Design and Digital Prototypes Laboratory MakETSII 418
5 Conclusions 421
Acknowledgments 421
References 421
Introducing Parametric CAD in a First Year Course in Engineering Degree: A Case Study 422
Abstract 422
1 Introduction 422
2 Materials and Methods 424
2.1 Students’ Questionnaire 424
2.2 Teachers’ Questionnaire 424
2.3 Academic Results Analyses 425
3 Results and Discussion 426
3.1 Students’ Questionnaire 426
3.2 Teachers’ Questionnaire 427
3.3 Academic Results Analyses 428
4 Conclusions 429
Acknowledgments 429
References 429
Augmented Reality and Mobile Devices as Tools to Enhance Spatial Vision in Graphic Representations 431
Abstract 431
1 Introduction 431
2 Objectives 432
3 Methodology 432
3.1 First Phase: Stamp Creation 432
3.2 Second Phase: 3D Modeling of the Pieces 433
3.3 Third Phase: Creation of the Augmented Reality Tool 434
4 Results 435
5 Conclusions 438
References 438
Comparison and Analysis of Graphic Engineering in the Degree in Engineering in Industrial Technologies 439
Abstract 439
1 Introduction 439
1.1 The Degree of Engineering in Industrial Technologies 440
2 The Area of Graphic Expression in Engineering and GITI 441
3 Status of the Subject Area in the GITI of the University of Málaga 446
4 Conclusions 448
Acknowledgment 448
References 448
Validation of the Use of Concept Maps as a Tool for the Teaching and Learning of Industrial Drawing 449
Abstract 449
1 Introduction 449
2 Research Design 451
3 Results 453
3.1 Concept Map Metrics 453
3.2 Students Perception Though the Surveys 455
3.3 Students Scores Through Practical and Theoretical Tests 455
4 Concluding Remarks 456
References 456
Interactive and Lightweight Step-by-Step-Based Environment for Self-learning in Basic Graphic Expression Skills 457
Abstract 457
1 Introduction 457
2 Study Frameworks: Legal Review and Teaching Innovation Methods 458
3 Objectives and Methodology 458
3.1 Teaching Material 459
3.2 E-Learning Platform: UPCT Virtual Classroom 459
3.3 Step-by-Step-Based Teaching Drawing by Computer Aided Design 460
3.4 Digital Publishing 461
4 Results 462
5 Conclusions and Future Work 463
References 463
TDT-L0 a Test-Based Method for Assessing Students’ Prior Knowledge in Engineering Graphic Courses 465
Abstract 465
1 Introduction 465
2 Background and Our Previous Research 466
3 TDT-L0 Design and Development 467
3.1 TDT-L0 Contents and Purpose for an Assessment Procedure 467
4 Application of TDT-L0 470
4.1 Data Analysis and Discussion of Results 471
5 Conclusions and Future Developments 472
Acknowledgments 473
References 473
Design of Emergency Vehicle Lighting Integrated in Fire Fighting Trucks 475
Abstract 475
1 Introduction and Background 475
2 Method 477
3 Results 477
3.1 Dimensional and Formal Study 478
3.2 Materials and Product Manufacturability 480
4 Conclusions 481
References 482
Engineering and Construction 483
3D Semantic-Rich Modelling of Underground Utility Networks 484
Abstract 484
1 Introduction 484
2 Methods for 3D Semantic-Rich Modelling of Utility Networks 485
2.1 Frameworks 485
2.2 Software 486
3 Case of Study 487
3.1 Input Data 487
4 Conclusions 490
References 490
Revision of Automation Methods for Scan to BIM 491
Abstract 491
1 Introduction 491
2 Modelling 492
2.1 Walls, Floors and Ceilings 493
2.1.1 Object Recognition 495
2.2 Windows and Doors 496
2.3 Secondary Components 496
3 Conclusions and Future Work 497
References 498
Modelling As-Built MEP Facilities in a BIM Environment 500
Abstract 500
1 Introduction 500
2 Geometrical Data Management 501
2.1 Obtaining Geometrical Data 501
2.2 Processing Geometrical Data 502
2.3 Non-geometrical Data 503
3 A Case Study of a WWTP 503
3.1 Introduction 503
3.2 Building the Model 504
3.3 Problems and Difficulties 505
4 Conclusions 506
References 506
Geometric Analysis of the Windows of Cordoba’s Minarets (Spain)Contribution Title 508
Abstract 508
1 Introduction 508
2 Methods 510
3 Conclusions 513
References 514
The Analysis of Pathologies in the Church of San Ildefonso in Salorino (Cáceres) Using Geomatic Techniques 516
Abstract 516
1 Introduction 516
2 Data Collection and Results 518
2.1 High Precision Leveling 518
2.2 Monitoring of Cracks and Fissures Using the Crack Monitor 519
2.3 Terrestrial Laser Scanning 520
2.4 Hand-Scanning 522
3 Conclusions 526
Acknowledgements 526
References 526
HBIM. Parametric Families from Point Clouds in Heritage Elements 527
Abstract 527
1 Introduction 527
2 Materials and Methods 528
2.1 Selection of Elements 528
2.2 Levels of Development LOD 529
2.3 Data Collection 530
2.4 Modelling of Parametric Families from a Point Cloud 531
3 Results 533
4 Conclusions 534
Acknowledgements 535
References 535
Data Management in “Scan to HBIM” Projects 536
Abstract 536
1 Introduction 536
2 Materials and Methods 538
3 Results 540
4 Conclusions 542
Acknowledgements 543
References 543
Plates Pre-dimensioning for Injection Molds by Using Computational Design and Inclusion of the Parts in BIM Methodology 544
Abstract 544
1 Introduction 544
2 Dimensioning of the Main Plates of the Injection Mold 545
3 Implementation and Results 548
4 Conclusions 551
Acknowledgments 551
References 551
Analysis of the Application of the Superblocks Model in the Context of the PEMUS in the City of Málaga 553
Abstract 553
1 Introduction 553
2 Methodology 555
2.1 Data 555
2.2 Preparation of the Data 556
2.3 Spatial Data Management 556
3 Results 558
4 Conclusions 560
References 560
An Accurate Structural Reconstruction in 3D of the Hypostyle Hall at the Ancient Egyptian Temple Complex of Karnak 563
Abstract 563
1 Introduction 563
2 Purpose 564
3 Review of Previous 3D Reconstructions from the Relevant Literature 564
4 Software Used 565
5 The Structural Elements of the Hall 565
5.1 Pylons and Walls 566
5.2 Columns 567
5.3 Architraves 568
5.4 Ceiling Slabs 572
5.5 Clerestory Area 572
6 Proposal for a 3D Structural Reconstruction of the Hypostyle Hall 574
6.1 Cross-Sections, Elevations and Plan Views 574
6.2 The Whole Structure in 3D 575
7 Conclusions 576
References 576
Automatic Detection of High-Voltage Power Lines in LiDAR Surveys Using Data Mining Techniques 577
Abstract 577
1 Introduction 577
2 Materials and Methods 578
3 Results and Discussion 582
4 Conclusions 583
Acknowledgments 583
References 584
Comparison of Digital Terrain Models Obtained with LiDAR and Photogrammetry 585
Abstract 585
1 Introduction 585
2 Materials 586
3 Methods 587
4 Results 588
5 Conclusion 593
Acknowledgments 594
References 594
3D Digitization of the Archaeological and Palaeontological Heritage Through Non-contact Low-Cost Scanners. Comparative Analysis 595
Abstract 595
1 Introduction 595
1.1 Structured Light Technology 596
1.2 Close Range Photogrammetry 596
1.3 Specifications of Each Technology 597
2 Materials and Methods 598
2.1 Scanning Process 598
2.2 Acquisition and Processing of the Scanned Data 599
2.3 Meshes Comparison 599
3 Results and Discussion 600
3.1 Infrared Light-LED Light Comparison 600
3.2 Photogrammetry-LED Light Comparison 602
3.3 Statistical Results Comparison 603
4 Conclusions 603
References 604
Optimization of the Management and Maintenance of Urban Elements Through Geolocation and Linking of Interactive Database to the Construction Information Model 606
Abstract 606
1 Introduction 607
2 Materials, Methods and Results 608
3 Conclusions 612
References 612
From Opportunity Identification to Concept Generation of Sustainable Modular Buildings 614
Abstract 614
1 Introduction 614
2 Evolutionary Typological Analysis and Future Perspectives of Prefabricated Modular Structures 615
3 Methodology for a Comparative Analysis of Prefabricated Houses to Identify the Project Requirements 616
4 Results and Discussion 617
5 New Concepts of Modular Building Systems 620
6 Conclusions and Future Works 623
Acknowledgments 623
References 623
Correction to: TDT-L0 a Test-Based Method for Assessing Students’ Prior Knowledge in Engineering Graphic Courses 624
Correction to: Chapter “TDT-L0 a Test-Based Method for Assessing Students’ Prior Knowledge in Engineering Graphic Courses” in: F. Cavas-Martínez et al. (Eds.): Advances in Design Engineering, LNME, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41200-5_50 624
Author Index 625