Third Harmonic Utilization in Permanent Magnet Machines (eBook)

For internal use only:Professional Experience 2015-present Professor, Phd supervisor Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2014-2015 Research and Development Engineer, Ansys Inc., PA, USA 2013-2014 Research associate Siemens Sheffield University Wind Power Research Centre, UK 2010-2013 Research associate, Sheffield University, UK 2009-2010 Post-doctoral researcher, Memorial University, Newfoundland, CanadaEDUCATION 2010-2013 Ph.D in Electrical Engineering, Sheffield University, UK 2004-2009 Ph.D in Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 2000-2004 B.S. in Automation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, ChinaEXPERIENC 2014-2015 Co-simulation between Maxwell and Matlab 2013-2014 PM machine design for wind power 2010-2013 PM machine design for high performance EPS applications Demonstrator for the undergraduate student in Sheffield University 2009-2010 High efficiency line-start PM motor design and IPM generator design for wind power 2007-2009 Inverter and DSP controller for high speed sensorless control systems. Technical support of MagneForce motor design software 2007.7-2007.9 Internship position of PM motor design in TECO  2006-2007 Optimization and development of high-speed sensorless permanent magnet motors 2005-2006 Finite element analysis of three-dimension artificial heart pump motor PM machine design for high performance EPS applications Serial DC motor design for electrical machine tools (Bosch Company) 2004-2005 Optimization design of high speed generator for micro-gas turbineAWARDS AND ORGANIZATION 2014-present IEEE Senior member 2012 Best paper awards in international conference and exhibition on ecological vehicles and renewable energy 2009-2010 Excellent plan for Ph.D thesis of Zhejiang Univeristy Excellent graduate student of Zhejiang University 2007-2008 First-Class Scholarship for Excellent Student of Zhejiang University “TECO” Enterprise Scholarship of Zhejiang University “MPS” Enterprise Scholarship of Zhejiang University “Wang Guosong” Scholarship of Zhejiang University Award of Excellent Leadership of Graduate Student of ZhejiangUniversity Award for paper published on Journal of Applied Physics 2000-2004 Excellent Graduate Student of China Jiliang University First-Class Scholarship for Excellent Student of China Jiliang University (4 times)

Contents 5
Abstract 9
1 General Introduction 12
1.1 Pole Shaping Techniques 16
1.1.1 Pulse Width Modulation 16
1.1.2 Modular Pole 17
1.1.3 Halbach 18
1.1.4 Pole Shaping 19
1.1.5 Sinusoidal Plus 3rd Harmonic Shaped Rotor Shape 21
1.2 Outline of the Book 21
2 Torque Enhancement of Three Phase Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machine Using 3rd Order Harmonic 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 SPM Machines with Various PM Shapes 25
2.3 PM Shape with Optimal 3rd Harmonic and FE Validation 27
2.3.1 Sinusoidal Shaping PM 28
2.3.2 PM Shape with Optimal Amplitude of 3rd Harmonic 30
2.3.3 FE Validation 33
2.3.4 Influence of PM Edge Thickness 34
2.4 Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance 37
2.4.1 Open-Circuit Flux Density Distribution and Back-EMFs 37
2.4.2 Torque Characteristics 37
2.5 Experimental Verification and Discussions 42
2.6 Summary 45
References 47
3 Average Torque Improvement of Three Phase Interior Permanent-Magnet Machine Using 3rd Harmonic in Rotor Shape 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 Rotor Configurations of IPM Machines 51
3.3 Rotor Shaping with 3rd Harmonic 51
3.3.1 ICS Shaped Rotor 53
3.3.2 Rotor Shape with Different Amplitude of 3rd Harmonic 55
3.4 Simplified Analytical Analysis of Average Torque Improvement 57
3.5 Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance 60
3.5.1 Open-Circuit Flux Density Distribution and Back-EMFs 60
3.5.2 Torque Characteristics 63
3.6 Experimental Verification and Discussions 67
3.7 Summary 71
References 71
4 Third Order Harmonic Utilization in In-Wheel Machines to Improve Output Torque 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 In-Wheel Machines with Various PM-Shaped Rotor 76
4.3 PM Shape with Optimal 3rd Harmonic 78
4.3.1 Influence of PM Edge Thickness 78
4.4 Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance 80
4.4.1 Open-Circuit Flux Density Distribution and Back-EMFs 81
4.4.2 Torque Characteristics 83
4.5 Summary 85
References 85
5 Influence of Airgap Flux Density Waveform on Optimal Split Ratio and Torque Density of SPM Machines 88
5.1 Introduction 88
5.2 General Torque Density Equation 90
5.3 Derivation of Optimal Split Ratio for Maximum Torque Density 92
5.3.1 Calculation of Slot Area 92
5.3.2 Optimal Split Ratio 94
5.3.3 TD Comparison Under Optimal Split Ratio 95
5.4 FE Analysis of Optimal Split Ratio and Torque 100
5.5 Experimental Verification 102
5.6 Summary 106
References 107
6 Investigation of Stator Flux Density and Iron Loss in 3rd Order Harmonic Shaped Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines 108
6.1 Introduction 108
6.2 SPM Machines with Various PM Shapes 110
6.3 Analytically Predicted Influence of 3rd Harmonic on Staror Iron Loss 111
6.3.1 Flux Density 112
6.3.2 Iron Loss 117
6.4 Finite Element Analysis 119
6.5 Summary 127
References 128
7 Analysis of Cogging Torque in Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines with Shaped Magnets 129
7.1 Introduction 129
7.2 Analytical Prediction of Cogging Torque Based on Energy Method 131
7.2.1 Simplified Airgap Permanence Function 132
7.2.2 Cogging Torque for Sinusoidal Airgap Flux Density Distribution 134
7.2.3 Cogging Torque for Sine+3rd Airgap Flux Density Distribution 135
7.2.4 Cogging Torque for Sine and Sine+3rd Airgap Flux Density Distributions 138
7.3 Three-Phase SPM Machines with Shaped PMs 139
7.4 FE Analysis 140
7.5 Experimental Verification 146
7.6 Summary 148
References 148
8 Influence of Harmonics on Radial Force and Vibration of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines 150
8.1 Introduction 150
8.2 12-Slot/10-Pole PM Machines with Shaped Magnets 152
8.3 Radial Force Density Distributions 153
8.3.1 Radial Force Density Under No Load Condition 153
8.3.2 Radial Force Density Under Rated Load 155
8.4 Mode Analysis 160
8.5 Summary 160
References 163
9 Multi-objective Optimization of & !blank
9.1 Introduction 165
9.2 Topology and Parametric Model of SPM Machine 167
9.3 Multi-objective Optimization Procedure 169
9.3.1 Flowchart of Multi-objective Optimization 169
9.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis 171
9.3.3 Multi-objective Optimization 172
9.4 Electromagnetic Performance Comparison 175
9.4.1 Open-Circuit Flux Density Distributions and Back-EMFs 175
9.4.2 Torque Characteristics 179
9.4.3 Efficiency 179
9.5 Experimental Validation and Discussion 181
9.6 Summary 181
References 184
10 Using Third Harmonic for Shape Optimization of Flux Density Distribution in Slotless Linear Permanent-Magnet Machine 186
10.1 Introduction 186
10.2 PMLMS with Various PM Shapes 188
10.3 PM Shape Optimization 189
10.3.1 Simplified Estimation of PM Shapes 189
10.3.2 Optimization of Sinusoidal PM Shapes 191
10.3.3 PM Shape with Third Harmonic 192
10.4 Performance Evaluation 192
10.5 Summary 199
References 200
11 Design and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Machine with Third Harmonic Shaping Mover 202
11.1 Introduction 202
11.2 PMLSM with Different Shaping Movers 204
11.3 Optimal Design of PM Edge Thickness and Pole Arc Coefficient 205
11.4 Electromagnetic Performance Comparision 208
11.4.1 Open-Circuit Flux Density Distributions and Back-EMFs 209
11.4.2 Thrust Force Characteristics 210
11.4.3 Losses and Efficiency 213
11.5 Summary 215
References 215