The Management of Additive Manufacturing (eBook)

​Mojtaba Khorram NiakiFabio Nonino

Contents 6
List of Exhibits 9
Introduction 10
Objective of the Book 10
Structure and Contents of the Book 11
1 What Is Additive Manufacturing? Additive Systems, Processes and Materials 14
1.1 Definition 14
1.2 History 16
1.2.1 Earlier Research and Development 16
1.2.2 Technology Background 17
1.2.3 Evolution Phases in the Scope of AM 20
1.3 AM Technologies 22
1.3.1 Liquid-Based 22
1.3.1.1 Stereolithography (SLA) 22
1.3.1.2 Inkjet Printing (IJP) 25
1.3.2 Powder-Based 26
1.3.2.1 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 26
1.3.2.2 Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)Direct Metal Laser Sintering 29
1.3.2.3 Three 3D PrintingDimensional Printing (3DP)3D Printing 31
1.3.2.4 Electron Beam Melting (EBM)Electron Beam Melting 31
1.3.3 Solid-Based 33
1.3.3.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 33
1.3.3.2 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)Laminated Object Manufacturing 36
1.4 Methods of fabrication and Materials 37
1.4.1 Vat Photopolymerization 37
1.4.2 Powder Bed Fusion 37
1.4.3 Extrusion-Based 39
1.4.4 Material Jetting and Binder Jetting 39
1.4.5 Sheet Lamination Process 40
1.5 Low-Cost Desktop 3D Printing 41
1.6 Top Ten Commercial AM Systems 44
References 47
2 Industries and Applications 49
2.1 The Role of Additive Manufacturing in the Industry of the Future 49
2.2 Industrial Diffusion 51
2.3 Main Application Sectors 54
2.3.1 Healthcare Industry 54
2.3.2 Automotive Industry 59
2.3.3 Aerospace 64
2.3.4 Consumer Goods 69
2.3.5 Other Industries 71
2.3.5.1 Architectural Models 72
2.3.5.2 Food Industry 72
2.3.5.3 Research and Education 73
2.3.5.4 Pharmaceutical Industry 74
References 76
3 The Value for Sustainability 79
3.1 Economic Sustainability 80
3.1.1 Operational and Manufacturing Costs Savings 80
3.1.2 Logistics’ Costs Saving 84
3.1.3 Implications for Corporate Taxation 84
3.2 Environmental Sustainability 85
3.2.1 Impacts on Energy Consumption 85
3.2.2 Impacts on Resources and Pollutions 90
3.3 Societal Sustainability 97
References 101
4 The Value for Business and Operations Strategy 103
4.1 The Value for Business Strategy 103
4.1.1 AM as a Driver for Business Competitiveness 103
4.1.2 AM as a Driver for Creativity and Innovation 106
4.1.3 AM as a Driver for New Services: The Online 3D Printing Platforms 111
4.2 The Value for Operations Strategy 113
4.2.1 Impact on Manufacturing Paradigms 115
4.2.2 Impact on Product Lifecycle and Operational Costs 119
4.2.3 Impact on Supply Chain Management 122
4.3 The Value for Customers: From Mass Customization to the New Entrepreneurial Role of Prosumers 125
4.3.1 Prosumers 126
4.3.2 User Entrepreneurship Opportunities 128
4.4 Strategic Challenges and Barriers Ahead of AM Technology Diffusion 131
4.4.1 Challenges Ahead of AM Technology Suppliers 133
4.4.2 Challenges Facing the AM Community 137
References 140
5 The Value for Operations 142
5.1 The Value for New Product Development 142
5.1.1 Impact of AM on the Product Development Process 142
5.1.2 Driving an Evolution in Design Methodologies 145
5.1.3 Design Freedom 147
5.2 The Value for Manufacturing 151
5.2.1 Impact on Production Process 151
5.2.2 Impact on Product Quality 153
5.2.3 Impact on Manufacturing Costs 156
5.2.4 Impact on Material Waste 159
5.3 The Value for Logistics and Supply Chain Management 160
5.3.1 The Impact on Inventory Turnover 161
5.3.2 The Impact on the Spare Part Supply Chain 163
5.3.3 3DP Online Platforms Supply Chain 168
References 171
6 Strategic Alignment of Additive Manufacturing 173
6.1 Framework for Strategic Alignment 173
6.2 Contingency Factors Driving AM Performance 178
6.2.1 Organizational Factors 179
6.2.2 Operational Factors 184
6.2.3 Product Characteristics 187
6.3 Economic Analysis 192
References 200
7 Selection and Implementation of Additive Manufacturing 202
7.1 Technology Analysis 202
7.2 Selecting AM Technology 207
7.2.1 Selection Criteria 209
7.2.2 Selection Process 210
7.3 Implementing Additive Manufacturing 214
7.3.1 Organizational Changes 215
7.3.2 Operational Changes 217
7.3.3 Supply Chain Changes 226
References 228
Appendix A—Methodological Note 230
A.1 Survey Design 230
A.2 The Sample 234
Reference 240
Glossary 241
Uncited References 247
Index 248