Advanced Methods and Technologies in Metallurgy in Russia (eBook)

Dr. Stavros Syngellakis is Adjunct Professor of Materials and Structures at the Wessex Institute of Technology, Ashurst, Southampton, UK. He holds a Diploma in Civil Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece and a PhD from Princeton University, USA. He is also a senior lecturer in the School of Engineering Sciences and a member of the Computational Engineering and Design research group at the University of Southampton. Dr. Jerome J. Connor is Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research interests include computational mechanics, structural analysis, motion based structural design, and novel design methodologies for structural systems and has taught courses in computational mechanics and structural engineering. In recent years Connor’s work has involved motion based design and damage assessment of engineering materials and he is directing a number of projects related to the applications of structural control to large civil structures as well as investigating methods to quantify damage in engineering materials.

Preface 5
Contents 7
Part I: Material Characterization of Complicated Alloys 10
1: Effect of Microalloying on the Structure and Phase Composition of Near-?-Titanium Alloy 11
1 Introduction 11
2 Material and Research Methods 12
3 Conclusions 17
References 17
2: Microstructural Aspects of High-Strength Maraging Steel Fracture Toughness Enhancement 19
1 Introduction 19
2 Experimental 20
3 Results and Discussion 20
4 Conclusions 24
References 24
3: The Precipitation of Silicide Particles in Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloys 26
1 Introduction 26
2 Results and Discussion 26
3 Conclusions 31
References 32
4: Structure Formation and Thermal Expansion Analysis of 0.6% Carbon-Containing Invar Alloy Crystallized at Different Cooling ... 33
1 Introduction 33
2 Experimental Methods 34
3 Results and Discussion 34
4 Conclusions 39
References 39
Chapter 5: Effect of the Structural State of High-Nitrogen Cr-Mn-Mo Steel on Mechanical and Magnetic Properties 40
1 Introduction 40
2 Experimental 41
3 Results and Discussion 41
References 46
6: The Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys 48
1 Introduction 48
2 Experimental Methods 49
3 Results and discussion 50
4 Conclusions 54
References 55
Part II: Heat and Surface Treatment 56
Chapter 7: Gradient Complex Protective Coatings for Single-Crystal Nickel Alloys 57
1 Introduction 57
2 Materials and Experimental Procedure 58
3 Results and Discussion 58
4 Conclusions 63
References 63
Chapter 8: Cooling Capacity of Jet Spraying Devices for Large Steel Parts Heat Treatment 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Experimental 66
3 Results and Discussion 67
4 Conclusions 70
References 71
Chapter 9: Heat Treatment Technology Adjustment Using Experimental and Simulation Methods 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Experimental 74
3 Results and Discussion 75
4 Conclusions 78
References 79
10: The Relationship of Pitting Potential to Chemical Composition of Steels Alloyed with Nitrogen 80
1 Introduction 80
2 Experimental 82
3 Results and Discussion 83
4 Conclusions 86
References 86
Chapter 11: The Formation of Eutectic Phases at the Crystallization of High-Manganese Steel 88
1 Introduction 88
2 Experimental 91
3 Conclusions 94
References 95
Part III: Ferrous Metal Metallurgy 96
Chapter 12: Complex Metallurgical Estimation of Manganese Raw Materials 97
1 Introduction 97
2 Experiment-Calculated Method of Metallurgical Estimation of Manganese Raw Materials 98
3 Calculation Method of Estimation 102
4 Conclusions 103
References 103
Chapter 13: Production of Manganese Ferroalloys from Russian Manganese Ores 105
1 Introduction 105
2 Technological Scheme of Manganese Ferroalloy Smelting from Manganese Concentrates of Usinskoe Deposit 107
3 Conclusions 112
References 112
Chapter 14: Waste Generation and Recycling in the Ferroalloy Industry 114
1 Introduction 114
2 Ferroalloy Production and Generation of Waste 114
3 Conclusions 120
References 120
Chapter 15: Influence of Impurities on Formation of Iron-Carbon Melt 122
1 Introduction 122
2 Experimental Method 123
3 Experimental Results 123
4 Conclusions 127
References 128
Chapter 16: Advantages and Risks of Blast Furnace Operation at Increased Pressure 129
1 Titanium Behaviour in a Blast Furnace 129
2 Analysis of the Influence of Pressure Within the Blast Furnace on the Processes of Indirect Reduction of Iron 130
3 Main Risks Related to Intensification of Blast Furnace Process by Increasing Pressure 134
4 Conclusions 137
References 138
Part IV: Energy Savings in Pyrometallurgy 140
Chapter 17: Mathematical Model and Software for the Control of Commissioning Complex Energy-Intensive Units in Metallurgy 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Mathematical Modelling 141
2.1 Modelling of Combustion Zone Parameters 145
2.2 Modelling of Gas Dynamic Melting Conditions 146
2.3 Optimization Model of Blowing-in Burden 146
3 Conclusions 148
References 148
Chapter 18: Information Modeling System for Blast Furnace Smelting Control 150
1 Introduction 150
2 Mathematical Model 151
3 Results of Modeling 154
4 Conclusions 155
References 156
Chapter 19: Computer System for Production Control of a Blast Furnace 158
1 Introduction 158
2 System Structure 159
3 System Engineering and Implementation 160
4 Software Components of the System 160
5 Conclusions 163
References 163
Chapter 20: Improvement of the Energy Efficiency of Hot Blast Stove Performance 165
1 Introduction 165
2 Improvement of Stove Design 166
3 Improvement of Thermal Conditions of Stove Operation 168
4 Conclusions 172
References 172
Chapter 21: Carbon Dioxide Emissions on an Example of Metallurgical Technologies 173
1 Introduction 173
2 Mathematical Models of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Various Types of Metallurgical Processes 174
3 Type 1 Process 175
Type 2 Process 176
4 Type 3 Process 178
5 Type 4 Process 178
Type 5 Process 179
6 Conclusions 180
References 180
22: Principles of Selection of New Technology and Risk Assessment: A Case Study for the Selection of Ironmaking Process Techno... 181
1 Introduction 181
2 Background of Case Study 182
3 Ironmaking Technology Evaluation: Stage 1 183
4 Risk Assessment in Process Technology Selection 184
5 Winning Technologies After Stage 1 Technology Evaluation 185
6 Ironmaking Technology Evaluation: Stage 2 186
7 Conclusions 187
References 188
Chapter 23: Development of Techniques for the Characterization of Thermophysical Properties of Iron Materials with Internal He... 189
1 Introduction 189
2 Problem Definition and the Development of the Technique 189
3 Conclusions 196
References 196
Author Index 198
Subject Index 204