Intelligent and Efficient Electrical Systems (eBook)

Dr. M C Bhuvaneswari received her B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, in 1985; M.E. degree in Applied Electronics in 1989 and Ph.D. degree in the area of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) testing in 2002 from PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. She is currently an associate professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at the same college. Her research interests include VLSI testing, VLSI CAD, embedded system design, evolutionary algorithms and multi-objective optimization. She has published 65 papers on these topics in journals and conferences. She has 26 years of teaching experience and was the recipient of the 2010 Dakshinamoorthy Award for Teaching Excellence, instituted by PSG College of Technology. Dr. Jayashree Saxena received her Ph.D in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 1993. She is currently a business unit manager at Anora LLC in Plano, Texas where she is responsible for design-for-test (DFT) services. Prior to that, she worked at Texas Instruments, Dallas from 1993 to 2013, where she served in various roles ranging from management to technical leadership in the DFT area. She received the most Significant Paper award at the International Test Conference (ITC) 2013 for the ITC 2003 paper "A Case-study of IR drop in Structured At-Speed Testing". She also served on the Technical Program Committee of ITC from 2005 to 2013.

Preface 6
Organizing Committee 9
Chief Patron 9
Patron 9
Convener 9
Organizing Secretary 9
Joint Organizing Secretaries 9
Coordinators 10
Contents 11
Editors and Contributors 14
1 Multi-Objective Optimization of Stand-alone Renewable Energy Hybrid System 18
Abstract 18
1 Introduction 18
2 Simulation and Optimization 19
3 Mathematical Model 21
3.1 Load Profile 21
3.2 Current from the PV Generator 21
3.3 Current from Wind Turbine 22
3.4 Batteries 22
3.5 Inverter 23
4 Solar and Wind Data 23
5 Objective Functions 24
5.1 Cost of Supplying Energy with Batteries 25
5.2 Cost of Supplying Energy with Diesel Generator 25
5.3 Unmet Load 25
6 Hybrid System Components 26
7 Results and Discussions 27
8 Conclusions 29
Acknowledgements 29
References 29
2 Wind Farm Power Prediction Based on Wind Speed and Power Curve Models 31
Abstract 31
1 Introduction 31
2 Wind Speed Prediction Model 32
2.1 NAR and NARX Models for Wind Speed 33
2.1.1 Model Incorporating Wind Direction 33
2.1.2 Model Incorporating Annual Trends 33
3 Wind Turbine Power Curve Model 34
3.1 Parametric Models 34
3.2 Nonparametric Models 34
4 Modeling Techniques 35
5 Results and Analysis 35
5.1 Experimental Data 35
5.2 Results of Wind Speed and Power Prediction Models 36
5.2.1 Performance of Wind Speed Prediction Models 36
5.2.2 Performance of Wind Power Prediction Models 37
5.3 Analysis of Results 37
6 Conclusion 39
References 39
3 Integration of Wind Power Generators for the Enhancement of Profit by Optimal Allocation of SVC 41
Abstract 41
1 Introduction 41
2 Modelling of SVC 42
2.1 Static VAR Compensator (SVC) 42
3 Problem Formulation 43
3.1 Objective Function 43
3.2 Equality Constraints 44
3.3 Inequality Constraint 44
4 Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) 45
4.1 Algorithm 45
5 Results and Discussions 46
5.1 Tools and Test Systems 46
5.2 IEEE 6 Bus System 47
5.3 Case 1: Without SVC and WPG in the System 47
5.4 Case 2: With SVC and WPG in the System 47
6 Conclusion 49
References 50
4 Block-Random Access Memory-Based Digital Pulse Modulator Architecture for DC–DC Converters 51
Abstract 51
1 Introduction 52
2 RAM-based DPWM/DPFM Architechture 53
2.1 Digital Pulse-Width Modulator 54
2.2 Digital Pulse-Frequency Modulator 54
2.3 Generation of PWM and PFM Signals 56
3 Results and Discussion 57
3.1 Simulation Results 57
4 Experimental Results 58
5 Conclusion and Future Work 60
References 60
5 Fractional-Order Controller Design and Analysis of SEPIC Converter 62
Abstract 62
1 Introduction 62
2 Principle of SEPIC 63
2.1 Modes of Operation 64
2.1.1 Mode I (0  lessthan  t  lessthan  D) 64
2.1.2 Mode II (D  lessthan  t  lessthan  (1 ? D)) 65
3 State-Space Modeling of SEPIC 66
4 Design of PI Controller 69
4.1 Simulation Results of PI Controller 70
4.1.1 Reference Voltage Variation 70
4.1.2 Supply Voltage Variation 71
4.1.3 Load Resistance Variation 72
5 Design of Fractional-Order PI Controller 72
5.1 GA with FOPI Controller 73
5.2 Simulation Results Using FOPI Controller 74
5.2.1 Reference Voltage Variation of FOPI Controller 75
5.2.2 Supply Voltage Variation 75
5.2.3 Load Resistance Variation 76
6 Transient Analysis 76
7 Conclusion 77
References 77
6 Advanced Energy Management of a Micro-grid Using Arduino and Multi-agent System 79
Abstract 79
1 Introduction 80
2 Multi-agent System Approach for Autonomous Energy Management of Micro-grid 81
2.1 Multi-agent System 81
3 Problem Formulation 82
4 Implementation 82
4.1 Flow Chart 82
4.2 Arduino Serial Communication Using RXTX Library 84
5 Simulations and Results 85
6 Conclusion 89
References 89
7 Sustain the Critical Load in Blackout Using Virtual Instrumentation 91
Abstract 91
1 Introduction 91
2 Proposed System 92
3 Block Diagram 93
4 LabVIEW Front Panel 93
5 LabVIEW Block Diagram Panel 94
6 Simulation Result 95
6.1 Normal State 95
6.2 Restoration State 96
7 Result Discussion 97
8 Fuzzy Logic Control System for Sustaining the Critical Load in Blackout Restoration 98
8.1 Fuzzy Input and Output Variables 98
8.2 Fuzzy Rules 98
8.3 Simulation Result: Test System 100
9 Conclusion 101
References 101
8 Optimal Single and Multiple DG Installations in Radial Distribution Network Using SLPSO Algorithm 103
Abstract 103
1 Introduction 103
2 Problem Formulation 104
2.1 Objective Function 104
2.2 Technical Constraints 105
3 Implementation of SLPSO Algorithm 105
4 Results and Discussion 107
5 Conclusion 109
Acknowledgements 110
References 110
9 Dynamic Modeling and Control of Utility-Interactive Microgrid Using Fuzzy Logic Controller 111
Abstract 111
1 Introduction 111
2 System Configuration and Modeling 112
3 Control of DG Units and Power Converters 113
3.1 Control of PV System 113
3.2 Control of SOFC System 114
4 Control of VSC Using FLC 115
5 Results and Discussions 117
5.1 Case 1: Sudden Increase in Resistive Load 117
5.2 Case 2: During Sudden Change in Irradiance 118
6 Conclusion 119
References 119
10 A Novel Method of Power Quality Improvement in BLDC Motor Using Cascaded H-Bridge MLI Topology 121
Abstract 121
1 Introduction 121
2 Methodology 122
3 Modeling and Simulation 123
4 Results and Discussion 125
5 Conclusion 128
References 129
11 Tuning of Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative Controller for Speed Control of Sensorless BLDC Motor using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Technique 130
Abstract 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Speed Control of Sensorless BLDC Motor Drives 131
2.1 Mathematical Model of BLDC Motor 132
2.2 Sensorless BLDC Motor 132
3 Optimum Tuning of Fractional-Order PID Controller 134
3.1 Fractional-Order PID Controller 134
3.2 Optimal Tuning of FOPID Controller 135
4 Proposed ABC-Based FOPID Controller 136
5 Results and Discussion 137
6 Conclusion 139
References 140
12 Torque Ripple Minimization of a FOC-Fed PMSM with MRAS Using Popov’s Hyper-Stability Criterion 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Field-Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 142
3 Implementation of FOC for PMSM Drive with MRAS 144
4 Results and Discussion 146
4.1 Analysis of Speed Response 146
4.2 Analysis of Torque Response 147
4.3 Analysis of Three-Phase Stator Currents 149
4.4 Analysis of Stator Flux Response 150
4.5 Dynamic Performance of PMSM 150
5 Conclusion 154
References 154
13 Effectual Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Solution of Non-convex Economic Load Dispatch Problem 155
Abstract 155
1 Introduction 155
2 Problem 156
2.1 Objective Function 156
2.2 Linear Constraints 157
2.2.1 Generation Capacity Constraint 157
2.2.2 Power Balance Constraint 157
2.3 Nonlinear Constraints 158
2.3.1 Generator Ramp Rate Limits 158
2.3.2 Prohibited Operating Zones 158
3 Proposed Method 159
3.1 Effectual Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) Algorithm 159
3.2 EPSO Algorithm Applied to ELD Problem 161
4 Result 162
5 Conclusion 163
References 163
14 Differential Evolution with Parameter Adaptation Strategy to Economic Dispatch Incorporating Wind 165
Abstract 165
1 Introduction 165
2 Economic Dispatch Incorporating Wind 167
2.1 Objective Function 167
2.2 Real Power Balance or Demand Constraint 167
2.3 Real Power Generating Limits 168
3 Proposed DE-PAS Algorithm 168
3.1 Initialization of Parameter Vectors 168
3.2 Mutation 169
3.3 Crossover 169
3.4 Selection 169
3.5 Terminating Condition 170
3.6 Adaption Techniques for Mutation Rate, F 170
3.7 Adaptation Technique for Crossover Rate, CR 171
4 Implementation of Proposed DE-PAS Algorithm to the Chosen Problem 171
5 Results and Discussion 172
6 Conclusion 175
References 176
15 Application of Cuckoo Search Algorithm in Deregulated Economic Load Dispatch 178
Abstract 178
1 Introduction 178
2 Problem Definition 179
3 Solution Methods Used 180
4 Results and Discussion 182
5 Conclusion 185
References 185
16 An Investigation of Small-Signal Stability of IEEE 14 Bus System with AVR, PSS and Performance Comparison with FACTS Devices 186
Abstract 186
1 Introduction 186
2 Methodology 187
2.1 Modeling and Analysis of SMIB System Connected with AVR 188
2.2 Modeling and Analysis of SMIB System Connected with AVR and PSS 189
2.3 Modeling and Analysis of SMIB System Connected with SVC 191
2.4 Modeling and Analysis of SMIB System Connected with UPFC 193
3 Conclusion 195
References 195
17 Investigation on the Properties of Natural Esters Blended with Mineral Oil and Pyrolysis Oil as Liquid Insulation for High Voltage Transformers 197
Abstract 197
1 Introduction 198
2 Samples Descriptions 199
3 Experimental Details 200
4 Results and Discussion 201
4.1 Breakdown Voltage 203
4.2 Flash Point 204
4.3 Viscosity 204
5 Conclusion 205
References 205
18 A Novel Approach to Using Energy-Efficient LED-Based Visible Light Communication in Hospitals 207
Abstract 207
1 Introduction 207
2 Li-Fi to Revolutionize Our Future 208
3 Network Capacity Evolution 208
4 Lighting Sources 209
5 Why VLC in Hospitals? 210
6 Proposed Architecture of VLCs in Hospital Applications 211
6.1 LED Lighting in MRI 211
6.2 LEDs in Operating Room/Examination Room 211
7 VLC Transmitter (Intensity Modulation) 212
8 VLC Receiver (Direct Detection) 212
9 Future Prospects 213
10 Conclusion 213
References 213
19 Implementation of Mesh Network Using Bluetooth Low Energy Devices 215
Abstract 215
1 Introduction 215
2 Prior Work 216
3 System Design 217
3.1 Block Diagram of Implementation 217
3.2 Schematic Diagram 217
3.3 Software Algorithm 218
3.4 Pseudocode 220
4 Experimental Results 220
4.1 Performance Metrics 220
4.1.1 Connection Interval 220
4.1.2 RSSI 221
4.1.3 Latency 221
5 Conclusion and Future Work 222
References 222
20 Online Static Security Assessment Module Using Radial Basis Neural Network Trained with Particle Swarm Optimization 224
Abstract 224
1 Introduction 224
2 Composite Security Index [1] 225
3 Online Static Security Assessment Module Using PSO-Trained ANN 226
3.1 Radial Basis Neural Network Trained with PSO 226
4 Results and Discussion 228
5 Conclusion 232
References 233
21 Ocular Artifact Suppression in Single Trial EEG Using DWT-Combined ANC 234
Abstract 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Methodology 235
2.1 Experimental Setup 235
2.2 Denoising Process 235
2.3 Cancellation of Power-Line Interference 238
3 Discussion 239
References 239
22 Egomotion Estimation Using Background Feature Point Matching in OpenCV Environment 240
Abstract 240
1 Introduction 240
2 Algorithms 243
2.1 Gradient Projection Algorithm 243
2.2 Gabor Wavelet Transform 243
2.3 Feature Matching 244
2.4 RANSAC 244
3 Results and Discussion 245
4 Conclusions and Future Work 247
Acknowledgements 247
References 248
23 Performance Analysis of Wavelet Function Using Denoising for Clinical Database 250
Abstract 250
1 Introduction 250
2 Materials and Methods 251
3 Wavelet Transform 252
3.1 Haar Wavelets (haar) 252
3.2 Daubechies Wavelets (db) 253
3.3 Symlets Wavelets (sym) 253
3.4 Coiflet Wavelet (coif) 253
3.5 Bi-Orthogonal Wavelets (biro) 253
3.6 Reverse Bi-Orthogonal (rbio) 254
3.7 Discrete FIR Meyer Wavelet (dmey) 254
4 Results and Discussion 254
4.1 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) 254
4.2 Average Difference (AD) 254
4.3 Structural Content (SC) 255
4.4 Image Fidelity (IF) 255
4.5 Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NK) 255
4.6 Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) 255
5 Conclusion 257
References 257
24 Influence of PWM Waveform on Breakdown in Twisted Pairs 259
Abstract 259
1 Introduction 259
2 Experimental Setup 260
3 Sample Preparation 261
4 Test Procedure 261
5 Results and Discussion 262
6 Conclusions 263
References 263
25 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) Using Medical Images 265
Abstract 265
1 Introduction 265
2 Existing Methods 266
3 Methodology 267
3.1 Recording of Ultrasound Images 267
3.2 Proposed Methodology 267
3.2.1 Image Enhancement 267
3.3 De-speckling 267
3.3.1 Trimmed Average Filter 268
3.3.2 Median Filter 269
3.3.3 Wiener Filter 269
3.3.4 Lee Filter 269
3.3.5 Kuan Filter 269
3.3.6 SRAD Filter 269
3.3.7 Kalman Filter 270
3.4 Image Quality Assessment 270
3.5 Segmentation 271
3.5.1 Otsu’s Method 271
3.6 Morphological Operations 272
3.7 Classifier 272
3.7.1 SVM Classifier 272
3.7.2 RBF Classifier 272
4 Results 273
5 Conclusion and Future Work 275
References 276