Advances in Systems, Control and Automation (eBook)

Dr. Avinash Konkani is a Healthcare Technology Management (HTM) professional, researcher and an author with strong educational, research and work experience in Biomedical, Clinical, Human Factors and Systems Engineering. He is Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics (BCPE) certified Associate Human Factors Professional (AHFP) with more than 10 years of combined work experience as an assistant professor, research scholar and a clinical engineer. He received his Ph.D in Systems Engineering from the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA. He obtained his Master’s in Biomedical Ergonomic Engineering from Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA and Bachelor’s degree in Biomedical Engineering from Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.Prof. (Dr.) Rabindranath Bera received his B.Tech, M.Tech, and Ph.D degrees from the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, in 1982, 1985, and 1997, respectively. He has been working as a Professor and Dean, Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sikkim Manipal University, since 2004. In 34 years of dedicated service, he has completed major projects for the MIT, All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), Department of Science and Technology (DST), and others. He has published more than 150 journal articles and 85 conference papers. His areas of specialization include microwave/millimeter wave based broadband communication including 4G mobile, remote sensing using radar and radiometer, and advanced digital signal processing.  Dr. Samrat Paul received his Ph.D. in Energy (2012) and M.Tech in Energy Technology (2007) from Tezpur University, Assam. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Energy Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong. Before joining the NEHU, he served as an Assistant Professor at the Central University of Jharkhand’s Centre for Energy Engineering. His research areas include the synthesis of nanomaterials for energy applications including catalytic biodiesel, biodiesel storage, etc. Dr. Paul received the Young Scientists Award from the Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) and the Swarna Jayanti Puraskar Award from the National Academy of Sciences (NASI) (both in 2012).

Preface 6
Editorial Board 8
Organizing Committee 10
Student Organizing Committee 10
Contents 13
About the Editors 20
1 Evaluation of Harmonics and THD in Five-Phase Inverter Constructed with High-Pass Filter by MATLAB Simulation 22
Abstract 22
1 Introduction 22
2 High-Pass Filter 23
3 Five-Phase Inverter 24
4 Simulation Results 25
5 Conclusion 27
References 28
2 Theoretical Analysis of the Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnS 29
Abstract 29
1 Introduction 30
2 Computational Study by CASTEP 30
3 Computational Results and Analysis 31
3.1 Band Structure and Electronic Density of States 31
3.2 Complex Dielectric Function 32
3.3 Absorption Spectrum 33
3.4 Refractive Index 34
3.5 Reflective Spectra 34
3.6 Optical Conductivity 36
3.7 Energy Loss Function 36
3.8 Vibrational Spectroscopy 37
4 Conclusion 38
References 38
3 Hybrid Fuzzy Recommendation System for Enhanced E-learning 40
Abstract 40
1 Introduction 40
2 Related Work 41
3 Hybrid Fuzzy Tree Matching Recommendation 43
3.1 Matching Algorithm 43
3.2 Collaborative Sequential Mapping Algorithm 44
3.2.1 Collaborative Filtering 44
3.2.2 Efficient Collaborative Filter Algorithm 44
3.2.3 Sequential Mapping 45
3.3 Personal Recommendation System 45
3.4 Cloud Database Storage 45
3.5 Hybrid Fuzzy-Based Matching Recommendation Algorithm 45
3.6 Result and Discussion 47
4 Conclusion 50
References 50
4 Tension Controllers for a Strip Tension Levelling Line 52
Abstract 52
1 Introduction 53
2 Description of the Strip Levelling Line 54
3 Tension Control 55
3.1 PI Tension Controller 56
3.2 Tension Controller with Ramp Generator 56
3.3 Stepper Tension Controller 59
4 Conclusion 62
Acknowledgements 62
References 62
5 Linear Synchronous Reluctance Motor—A Comprehensive Review 64
Abstract 64
1 Introduction 64
2 Introduction to Linear Motors 65
3 Introduction to Linear Synchronous Reluctance Motors 65
4 Modeling and Analysis of LSRELM 68
4.1 Nonlinear Two-Axis Analysis [12] 68
4.2 Analysis of cross-magnetization effect using finite element method [13] 69
4.3 Analysis of Cross-Saturation Effects [14–16] 69
5 Design Prospects of LSRELM 70
5.1 Basic design [17] 70
5.2 LSRELM with Multi-flux Barrier [18, 19] 71
5.2.1 Slotless Stator 71
5.2.2 Stator with Slots 71
5.2.3 Double-Sided LSRELM [20–22] 71
5.2.4 Permanent Magnet Double-Sided LRM [23–27] 73
5.2.5 Four-Pole Double-Sided PMLRM 73
5.2.6 Design of Optimal Secondary Segment Shapes Using Stochastic Searching [28] 75
5.2.7 LSRELM for Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System [29, 30] 75
5.2.8 Vertical-Type Double-Sided HTS LRM [31] 77
6 Control Aspects of LSRELM 81
6.1 Parameters Identification in LSRELM [32, 33] 81
6.2 High-Performance Position Tracking [34–39] 82
6.3 Transverse Flux LSRELM [40–46] 85
6.4 Lateral Force in Segment-Type Reaction Rail 86
7 Application and Future Scope 86
8 Conclusions 86
References 87
6 Mitigation of Circulating Current in Diode clamped MLI fed Induction Motor Drive Using Carrier Shifting PWM Techniques 90
Abstract 90
1 Introduction 91
2 Effect of High Circulating Currents 92
3 Carrier Shifting Algorithms 94
4 Analysis of Circulating Current Depends on Switching States 95
5 Circulating Current Reduction 97
6 Simulation Results 97
7 Experimental Results 100
8 Conclusions 100
References 100
7 Suppression of Harmonics and THD Using Three-Level Inverter with C-Type Filter at the Output of the Inverter Using Simulink/MATLAB 103
Abstract 103
1 Introduction 103
2 Traditional or Two-Level Inverter (TID) 104
3 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMI) 105
4 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMI) with C-Type Filter 106
5 Results 106
6 Conclusion 110
References 110
8 Computation of Actuation Voltage and Stress Made of Hafnium Oxide Materials Used in Radio Frequency Micro-electromechanical System Switch 111
Abstract 111
1 Introduction 111
2 Material 112
3 Electrostatic Actuation 112
4 Surface Contact Analysis 113
5 Stress Analysis 113
6 Flexures 113
7 Geometry and Simulation of RF MEMS Shunt Switch 114
8 Result and Discussion 114
9 Conclusion 118
References 118
9 Optimal Design Configuration Using HOMER 119
Abstract 119
1 Introduction 119
1.1 Advantages of Distributed Generation 120
1.2 HOMER Software 121
2 Methodology 121
2.1 HOMER: Simulation 121
2.2 HOMER: Optimization 122
2.3 HOMER: Sensitivity Analysis 122
3 Simulation MODEL 122
3.1 Load 122
4 Optimization Result 124
5 Conclusion 124
References 126
10 Designing of a Half-Bridge Converter for Lead-Acid Battery Charger 127
Abstract 127
1 Introduction 128
2 Methods 128
2.1 Proposed Block Diagram 128
2.2 Simulation of the Proposed Block Diagram Using Different Software Tools 129
3 Results and Discussions 130
3.1 Using Proteus Software Tool 130
3.2 Calculation of Different Parameters Using Different Software Tools 131
4 Conclusion 132
References 133
11 A Comparative Analysis of Determination of Design Parameters of Boost and Buck–Boost Converters Using Artificial Intelligence 134
Abstract 134
1 Introduction 134
2 Design of Converter Models 135
2.1 Simulation of Boost and Buck–Boost Converters 136
3 Development of the ANFIS Model 137
3.1 Algorithm for the Development of ANFIS Structure 138
4 Result and Analysis 139
5 Conclusion 141
References 142
12 Optimization of Induction Motor Using Genetic Algorithm and GUI of Optimal Induction Motor Design in MATLAB 143
Abstract 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Design Optimization of Induction Motor 144
3 Results and Discussion 145
4 Conclusion 148
References 148
13 High Response Photon-Counting for Phase Fraction Measurement Using Compact-RIO with FPGA 149
Abstract 149
1 Introduction 150
2 Multiphase Flow 150
3 Design Requirements 152
4 Conclusion 153
References 153
14 Numerical Stress Analysis of Artificial Femur Bone 154
Abstract 154
1 Introduction 155
2 Manufacturing 155
3 Modeling and Material Properties 156
4 Analysis 157
4.1 Analysis of the Solid Cylinder 157
4.2 Analysis of Human Femur Bone 163
5 Conclusion 168
References 169
15 Performance Metrics of Three-Phase Shunt APF Using Hybrid Control-Based Instantaneous Vector Control Theory 171
Abstract 171
1 Introduction 171
2 Shunt Active Power Filter 172
3 Instantaneous Vector Control Method 172
4 PI Controller and Hysteresis Current Controller 174
5 Results and Simulation 175
6 Table 177
6.1 Source Currents 177
6.2 Filter Currents 177
7 Conclusion 178
References 178
16 Energy-Efficient Illumination Control Using Image Parameters in a Machine Vision Environment for Optimum Surface Texture Identification 179
Abstract 179
1 Introduction 179
2 Experimental Setup 180
2.1 Image Acquisition Environment 181
3 Surface Pixel Intensities at Varying Lighting Conditions 183
4 Image Processing and Canny Edge Detection 186
4.1 Grayscale Image Representation 186
4.2 Canny Edge Criteria and Algorithm 186
4.3 Canny Algorithm 187
5 Canny Edge Images Under Varying Illumination Conditions 188
6 Harris Corner Points and FFT for the Image Sets 191
7 Conclusion 193
Acknowledgements 193
References 193
17 Accuracy Analysis of Machine Vision for Detection of Malignant Melanoma Using Pixel Intensity Matrix Parameters 194
Abstract 194
1 Introduction 194
2 Methodology 195
2.1 Pixel Intensity Matrix Analysis 196
3 Decision Rule 197
4 Results 198
5 Discussion 199
6 Conclusion 200
Acknowledgements 201
References 201
18 Investigation of Perylene as a Converter Material for Fast Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy Using GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulations 202
Abstract 202
1 Introduction 202
2 GEANT4 Simulation Methodology 204
2.1 Model Description 204
3 Results and Discussion 205
3.1 SiC as a Neutron Detector 205
3.2 SiC Detector with Neutron Converter Layer 206
3.3 Perylene as a Converter Layer for SiC Detector 206
3.4 Calculation of Energy Deposition 207
4 Conclusion 208
Acknowledgements 209
References 209
19 Spectral Analysis and Comparison of Single-Carrier PLC Modules in Narrowband Power Line Communication System 211
Abstract 211
1 Introduction 212
2 Feature Extraction 213
2.1 Single-Carrier Modulation 213
2.2 Multicarrier Modulation 214
2.2.1 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 214
2.2.2 Generalized Frequency-Division Multiplexing 214
2.2.3 Filter Bank Multicarrier 215
3 Classifier 215
3.1 Binary Frequency-Shift Keying (BFSK) 215
3.2 Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) 215
3.3 Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) 216
4 Results 216
4.1 Binary Frequency-Shift Keying (BFSK) 216
4.2 Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) 216
4.3 Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) 216
5 Analysis 220
5.1 BER Analysis 220
6 Conclusion 223
References 223
20 Three-Level Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Is Used to Suppress Harmonics at the Output of 3-Phase Inverter Drive and Study of Heat at Various Parts of 3-Phase Induction Motor 225
Abstract 225
1 Introduction 226
2 Normal or 2-Level Inverter (NID) 227
3 Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter (FCMI) 228
4 Results 229
5 Conclusion 234
References 235
21 Development of Measurement and Data Acquisition Setup Using LabVIEW for Sample Characterization up to Cryogenics Temperature 236
Abstract 236
1 Introduction 236
2 Measurement Techniques 237
2.1 Differential Measurements with Magnetic Field 237
2.2 I-V Measurement 238
2.3 Temperature Controlled I-V Measurement 238
3 Automation Setup 238
3.1 Differential Measurements with Magnetic Field 238
3.2 I-V Measurement 239
3.3 Temperature Controlled I-V Measurement 240
4 Results 241
4.1 Differential Measurements with Magnetic Field 241
4.2 I-V Measurement 244
4.3 Temperature Controlled I-V Measurement 245
5 Conclusion 246
Acknowledgements 247
References 247
22 Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet DC Motor 248
Abstract 248
1 Introduction 248
2 Mathematical Model of a PMDC Motor 249
2.1 Electrical Characteristics 250
2.2 Mechanical Characteristics 251
2.3 State Space Representation 251
2.4 Block Diagram with Transfer Function 252
3 Flow Chart 254
4 Design Calculation 255
4.1 Given Dimensions 255
4.2 Number of Slots Calculation 255
4.3 Type of Winding 256
4.4 Slot Width Calculation 256
4.5 Calculation of Conductor Dimensions 257
4.6 Commutator Design 258
4.6.1 Brush Design 258
5 Simulation Results 258
6 Conclusion 259
References 260
23 Design and Analysis of Performance Characteristics of Electronic Ballast Used for Fluorescent Lamp 261
Abstract 261
1 Introduction 261
2 Circuit Description and Function of Components 262
3 Testing 264
3.1 Evaluation of Total Luminous Flux 264
3.2 Reference Ballast 265
4 Conclusion and Future Scope of the Work 266
References 267
24 Ballistocardiogram Signal Denoising Using Independent Component Analysis 268
Abstract 268
1 Introduction 268
1.1 Issues and Challenges 270
2 Proposed Model 271
2.1 Independent Component Analysis 271
2.2 Spectral Coherence Computation 272
2.3 Computation of Partial Spectral Coherence 273
3 Results and Discussion 273
3.1 Dataset Description 273
4 Conclusion 275
References 276
25 Sleep Stage Classification Using S-Transform-Based Spectral Energy Feature 277
Abstract 277
1 Introduction 277
2 Decomposition of EEG Signal 278
3 Machine Learning Algorithms 278
4 Analysis and Classification in Time Domain 280
5 Time-Frequency Analysis 282
6 Proposed Scheme 284
7 Conclusion 288
References 288
26 MMSE-Based Lattice-Reduction-Aided Equalization for MIMO System in Nakagami-m Channel 289
Abstract 289
1 Introduction 289
2 System Description 290
3 Results 291
4 Conclusion 293
References 294
27 Fundamental Concepts of Neural Networks and Deep Learning of Different Techniques to Classify the Handwritten Digits 295
Abstract 295
1 Introduction 295
2 Neural Networks 296
3 Architecture of Neural Network 298
4 Stochastic Gradient Descent 300
5 Back Propagation Algorithm 301
6 Problem with the Quadratic Cost Function 302
7 Softmax Neurons 302
8 Use of Neural Networks in Classifying the Handwritten Digits 303
9 Conclusion 304
References 304
28 Error Rate Analysis of Precoded-OSTBC MIMO System Over Generalized-K Fading Channel 306
Abstract 306
1 Introduction 306
2 System and Channel Model 308
2.1 Precoded-OSTBC MIMO System 308
2.2 Generalized-K Fading 310
3 Simulation Results and Discussion 311
4 Conclusion 312
References 313
29 CMOS Based Sinusoidal Oscillator Using Single CCDDCCTA 315
Abstract 315
1 Introduction 315
2 CCDDCCTA Based Circuit 316
3 Sensitivity and Stability of the Oscillator 318
4 Simulations and Discussion 319
5 Conclusion 322
References 322
30 Investigation of Direct Torque Control-Based Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive for Pumping 324
Abstract 324
1 Introduction 325
2 Modelling of Controller 326
3 Simulation Results 330
4 Conclusion 331
References 331
31 Modeling and Simulation of Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Pumping Application Using Field-Oriented Control 333
Abstract 333
1 Introduction 334
2 Modeling of Controller 335
3 Simulation Results 337
4 Conclusion 339
References 340
32 Advanced Variable Structure Control for Distributed Power Generation 341
Abstract 341
1 Introduction 342
1.1 Traditional Frequency Control Methodology of SS-HEPP 342
1.2 Construction of Proposed System 343
2 PI Controller and Fuzzy Logic-Based Controller 344
2.1 Conventional Sliding Mode Controller 344
2.2 Fuzzy-SMC Design 345
3 Variables, Membership Functions, and Fuzzy Rule 346
4 Proposed Control Strategy Simulation Result 347
5 Conclusions 348
References 348
33 Investigation of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Behavior Under Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Fault Conditions 350
Abstract 350
1 Introduction 351
2 DFIG and Network Faults Types 352
3 Dynamic Modeling of DFIG 352
4 B2B Configuration of DFIG 352
5 Numerical Simulation Results 353
6 Conclusion 355
References 355
34 PLC-Based Modeling and Control of Heat Exchanger 357
Abstract 357
1 Introduction 357
2 Methodology 359
3 Interfacing 361
4 Results and Conclusion 362
References 365
35 Digitally Controlled Hybrid Liquid Level Detection System Using Programmable Logic Controller and Microcontroller 367
Abstract 367
1 Introduction 368
2 Connection Diagram of Proposed System 369
2.1 Sensor to Arduino Interfacing 370
2.2 Arduino and PLC Interfacing 371
3 Hardware Implementations and Result 372
4 Conclusion 375
References 375
36 Realization of OTRA-Based Quadrature Oscillator Using Third-Order Topology 377
Abstract 377
1 Introduction 377
2 Proposed Circuit 378
3 Non-Ideality Analysis 382
4 Simulation and Experimental Results 383
5 Conclusion 387
References 388
37 Mathematical Models for Solving Problems of Reliability Maritime System 389
Abstract 389
1 Research Problem 390
2 Materials and Methods of Research 391
3 The Results of Research 392
4 Practical Implementation and Verification 394
5 Further Reduction of the Samples Being Formed and the Analysis of Identified Risks 394
6 Conclusion 395
References 395
38 Tuning PID Controller for Inverted Pendulum Using Genetic Algorithm 397
Abstract 397
1 Introduction 397
2 Mathematical Model 399
3 PID Controller 401
4 Genetic Algorithm 402
4.1 Characteristics of Genetic Algorithm 402
4.2 Objective Function Problem Formulation 403
5 Results 404
6 Conclusion 405
References 405
39 LQR PI Controller Design for First-Order Time-Delay Systems 407
Abstract 407
1 Introduction 408
2 Design of LQR PI Controller 409
3 Proposed Method to Selection of Weight Matrices 411
4 Simulation Results and Discussion 412
5 Conclusions 415
References 415
40 Determination of Protein Content of Castor Leaves Using UV-Based Sensor System 416
Abstract 416
1 Introduction 416
2 Materials and Methods 417
2.1 Chemical Analysis 418
2.2 Protein Extraction 418
2.3 Sensor System 419
2.4 Calibration Experiment 419
3 Result and Discussion 420
4 Conclusion 422
References 422
41 Hardware in Loop Control of Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for Bus Clamping Modulation 424
Abstract 424
1 Introduction 425
2 SCMLI Topology 426
3 Modulation Methods 427
4 Result and Discussions 428
5 Conclusion 430
References 431
42 Estimation and Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network 432
Abstract 432
1 Introduction 433
2 Design of UWASN 434
2.1 Transmitter Section 434
2.2 Receiver Section 434
3 Underwater Acoustic Channel Modeling 435
3.1 Propagation Delay 435
3.2 Absorption Coefficient 436
4 Underwater Acoustic Channel Estimation 436
4.1 SNR and SER 437
4.2 Optimal Frequency 437
4.3 Channel Estimation 438
4.4 A Smart Antenna Approach 439
5 Conclusion 440
References 440
43 A New Development Methodology for High Precision ISP 442
Abstract 442
1 Introduction 443
2 Gimbal Dynamics 443
3 Kinetic Coupling 446
4 Parameter Estimation Using Prediction Error Method 448
5 Simulation and Results 448
6 Conclusion 458
References 458
44 Simple FOPI Tuning Method for Real-Order Time Delay Systems 459
Abstract 459
1 Introduction 459
2 A Real-Order (Fractional) Transfer Function 460
3 FOPI Controller 461
3.1 Design and Tuning 461
3.2 Choice of M_{r} 465
4 Example 466
5 Conclusion 467
References 467
45 Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Closed-Loop Optimal State Feedback Control for CSTR 469
Abstract 469
1 Introduction 470
2 Proposed Methodology 470
2.1 Formulation of Fitness Function 474
3 Comparative Analysis on Simulation Performed 474
4 Conclusion 478
References 479
46 Design of a Piezoresistive Microaccelerometer with High Sensitivity for Medical Diagnostic 480
Abstract 480
1 Introduction 480
2 Effect of Strain on Piezoresistor 481
3 Piezoresistive Coefficient 482
4 Piezoresistive Component 483
5 Results and Discussion 484
5.1 Thermal Drift of the Offset Voltage 484
5.2 Effect of Temperature on the Sensitivity 485
5.3 Effect of Doping Concentration on the Sensitivity 486
5.4 Sensitivity 487
6 Conclusion 488
References 488
47 Recognition of Human Speech Emotion Using Variants of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients 490
Abstract 490
1 Introduction 491
2 Feature Extraction Techniques 491
2.1 MFCC 492
2.2 Wavelet Analysis 493
2.3 MFCC in Wavelet Domain (WMFCC) 493
2.4 Delta MFCC (DMFCC) 494
2.5 Proposed Wavelet Delta MFCC (WDMFCC) 494
3 Classification Method 494
4 Results and Discussion 495
5 Conclusion 497
References 497
48 Optimal and Novel Hybrid Feature Selection Framework for Effective Data Classification 498
Abstract 498
1 Introduction 498
2 Related Works 499
3 Proposed Method 500
3.1 Symmetrical Uncertainty 500
3.2 Genetic Algorithm 500
3.3 Proposed SU-GA Feature Selector 501
4 System Implementation and Experimental Results 502
4.1 Experimental Setup 503
4.2 Results and Discussions 504
4.3 Feature Selection 504
4.4 Classification Performance 507
4.5 Processing Time 507
5 Conclusion 511
References 512
49 Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Using Neural Network-Based Duty Ratio Controller 514
Abstract 514
1 Introduction 514
2 Conventional Direct Torque Control (CDTC) 515
3 DTC Using Fuzzy Logic Switching Controller (FDTC) 516
4 Duty Ratio Controller Using Neural Network (NNDRC) 517
5 Simulation Results and Discussions 518
6 Summary/Conclusion 521
References 521
50 Design and Simulation of a Single-Output Multichannel Charger for Lithium-Ion Batteries 523
Abstract 523
1 Introduction 524
2 Charger System 525
2.1 Architecture/Hardware Configuration/Charger Overview 525
2.2 Buck Converter 525
2.2.1 Component Selection 526
2.2.2 Transfer Function of Buck Converter 527
2.3 Controller Design 527
2.4 DPDT Switching Circuitry 528
3 Battery Modeling 529
4 Experimental Tests 530
4.1 Battery Test 530
4.2 Charger Tests 531
4.3 Buck Converter 531
5 Results and Discussion 533
6 Conclusion 534
References 534
51 Design of Spectrum Sensing System 535
Abstract 535
1 Introduction 535
2 Methodology 536
2.1 Energy Detection 536
2.2 Match Filtering Process 537
3 Simulation Results 537
3.1 Energy Detection Method 537
3.2 Match Filtering Method 539
4 Conclusion 541
References 541
52 Modeling and Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motor 543
Abstract 543
1 Mathematical Model of SRM 543
1.1 Method-1: Look-Up Table-Based Approach 545
1.2 Method 2: Analytical Modeling Technique 546
1.3 Method 3: Inductance-Based Modeling 551
2 Comparison of the Modeling Techniques 553
3 MATLAB Simulink Model of the SRM 553
4 Conclusion 555
References 555
53 Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for High Pressure Rated Modified CSTR System 557
Abstract 557
1 Introduction 557
2 Control Strategy 558
2.1 First-Order SMC 558
2.2 Terminal Sliding Mode Control 559
2.3 Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control 560
3 Numerical Example 560
4 Conclusion 565
References 566
54 Experimental/Simulation Study to Check the Significance of Proximity Effect 567
Abstract 567
1 Introduction 567
2 Experimental Setup 568
3 Numerical Simulation 569
3.1 FDTD Model 570
4 Experimental and Simulated Result 570
4.1 Measured Result 570
4.2 FDTD-Simulated Result 571
5 Discussion and Conclusion 571
References 572
55 Denoising of MRI Images Using Curvelet Transform 573
Abstract 573
1 Introduction 573
2 Denoising Techniques 574
2.1 Wavelet Transform 575
2.2 Curvelet Transform 575
3 Thresholding Technique 576
4 Proposed Technique 576
5 Parameter Estimations 577
6 Experimentation 577
7 Results and Discussion 577
8 Conclusion 580
References 580
56 Epileptic Seizure Detection from EEG Signals Using Best Feature Subsets Based on Estimation of Mutual Information for Support Vector Machines and Naïve Bayes Classifiers 582
Abstract 582
1 Introduction 583
1.1 EEG Data Segmentation 583
1.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) 584
2 Feature Selection and Ranking 584
2.1 Classification 584
3 Results 584
4 Conclusions 590
References 590
57 Intelligent Routing in MANET Using Self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithm 591
Abstract 591
1 Introduction 591
2 Proposed Solution 593
3 GA with Redefine Population on Time (RGA) 593
4 GA with Continuous Perturbation (PGA) 594
5 GA with Sharing Knowledge (KGA) 594
6 Experimental Design 595
6.1 Chromosome Representation 595
6.2 Connectivity-Based Crossover Operator and Mutation 595
7 Conclusion 598
Acknowledgement 599
References 599
58 Comparison of Various Decoding Algorithms for EG-Low Density Parity Check Codes 600
Abstract 600
1 Introduction 600
2 Matrix Representation 601
2.1 Tanner Graph Representation 602
3 Decoding of LDPC Codes 603
3.1 Soft-Bit Flipping (SBF) Decoder Algorithm 603
3.2 Majority Logic Decoder/Detector (MLDD) Algorithm 605
4 Synthesis Results 606
5 Comparison Results 607
6 Conclusion 607
References 608
59 Development of a System for Quantitative Assessment of Vocal Loading 609
Abstract 609
1 Introduction 610
2 Theoretical Background 610
2.1 Speech Production 610
2.2 Source Filtering 610
2.3 Vocal Dose Measures 611
3 Methodology and Implementation 612
3.1 Speech Signal Acquisition 613
3.2 Pre-emphasis 613
3.3 Framing and Windowing 614
3.4 Short-Time Energy 614
3.5 Fundamental Frequency Estimation 614
4 Results 615
5 Conclusion 617
References 617
60 Solution for Multi-area Unit Commitment Problem Using PSO-Based Modified Firefly Algorithm 618
Abstract 618
1 Introduction 619
2 Problem Formulation for MAUC 620
2.1 Equality Constraints 621
2.2 Inequality Constraints 621
2.3 Multi-Area Economic Dispatch 622
2.4 Tie-Line Constraints 623
2.5 Modified Firefly Algorithm to Solve the Formulated MAUC Problem 624
3 Results and Discussion 626
4 Conclusion 628
References 628
61 Wi-Fi-Based Low-Cost Monitoring of ECG and Temperature Parameters Using Arduino and ThingSpeak 630
Abstract 630
1 Introduction 630
2 Materials and Methods 631
2.1 Measuring the Patient’s Body Temperature Using LM35 631
2.2 Measurement of Heartbeat Pulse 632
2.3 ECG Signal Acquisition and Filtering 633
2.4 Sending Data Through Wi-fi to a Server 634
3 Results and Discussion 636
4 Conclusion 638
References 639
62 Modelling of UPFC (Unified Power Flow Control) to Improve Stability of Power System by Real and Reactive Power Control of Transmission Line 640
Abstract 640
1 Introduction 640
2 Operating Principle of UPFC 641
3 UPFC Controller Design 642
4 Test System Modelling 644
5 Results and Discussion 644
6 Conclusion 648
References 648
63 Autonomous Navigation Robot Based on Real-Time Image Processing 649
Abstract 649
1 Introduction 650
2 IMAGE Acquisition and Object Recognition 650
3 Geometrical Measurements and Calculations 652
4 Methodology Used for Movement of Robot 654
5 Observations on Performance 656
6 Conclusion 660
References 661
64 The Performance Enhancement of Statistically Significant Bicluster Using Analysis of Variance 662
Abstract 662
1 Introduction 663
2 Biclustering 663
3 Conclusion 668
References 669
65 Multimodal Classification of Arrhythmia and Ischemia Using QRS-ST Analysis 670
Abstract 670
1 Introduction 671
2 ECG Databases 672
3 QRS-ST Detection Methodologies 672
3.1 Difference Equation Operation ( {/varvec T}_{ {/rm max} } Detection) 672
3.2 Search Interval Operation ( T_{{/rm onset}} Detection) 675
4 Feature Extraction 676
4.1 RatioPS& PSD
4.2 Area Under a Curve (AUC) of QRS-ST 677
5 Classification Techniques 678
5.1 Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) 678
5.2 Decision Tree 678
5.3 Feed-Forward Neural Networks 679
6 Discussion 681
7 Conclusion 681
References 682
66 Electromyogram (EMG) Signal Categorization in Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Detection by Applying MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) Technique: A Review 684
Abstract 684
1 Introduction 685
2 Related Research Works 686
3 Discussion 688
4 Conclusion 688
References 689
67 Performance Analysis of Gene Expression Data Using Mann–Whitney U Test 691
Abstract 691
1 Introduction 692
2 Related Work 693
2.1 Gene Expression Arrays 694
3 Results and Discussion 695
3.1 Algorithm 696
4 Conclusion 698
References 699
68 Comparative Analysis of Membrane Potential of Bone Cell and Its Abnormalities 700
Abstract 700
1 Introduction 700
2 Electrical Modeling of Human Cell 701
2.1 Electrical Modeling of Human Bone Cell (Osteoblast Cell) 701
3 Abnormalities of Osteoblast Cell 702
3.1 Osteosarcoma 702
3.2 Electrical Modeling of Osteosarcoma Cell 702
4 Microelectrode 703
5 Result Analysis 703
6 Conclusion 706
References 706
69 Dimensionality Reduction of Facial Features to Recognize Emotion State 708
Abstract 708
1 Introduction 709
2 Motivation and Related Work 709
3 Emotion Recognition System 710
3.1 Feature Extraction Module 710
3.2 Dimensionality Reduction 711
4 Experimental Result and Performance Analysis 712
5 Conclusion 713
References 714
70 Electro-Optically Tunable Switching Action Enhanced by Long-Range Surface Plasmon 715
Abstract 715
1 Introduction 715
2 Proposed Scheme 716
3 Conclusion 718
References 719
71 Dual Six-Phase Multilevel AC Drive with Single Carrier Optimized Five-Level PWM for Star-Winding Configuration 720
Abstract 720
1 Introduction 721
2 Split-Phase Decomposition SVT 721
3 Five-Level Modulation Strategy 723
4 Numerical Simulation Results and Discussion 724
5 Conclusion 726
References 726