Polysaccharide-based Fibers and Composites (eBook)

Prof. Lucian A. Lucia gained a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Florida. He spent approximately two years studying photoreactive polymers, photoinduced gelation phenomena, novel supramolecular behavior in microheterogeneous systems (vesicles, monolayers) as a postdoctoral fellow at the NSF Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer at the University of Rochester in Rochester, NY. The Center funded an extended teaching & research appointment for Dr. Lucia at Tokyo Metropolitan University near Tokyo, Japan, from where he accepted an Assistant Professorship from the Institute of Paper Science and Technology at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta, Georgia. Prof. Lucia has 179 publications in peer review journals and is also a Distinguished Professor of Green Chemistry, Qilu University of Technology (China).Professor Ali Ayoub is an internationally recognized expert in the biopolymer science and engineering field and has successfully developed groundbreaking inventions in areas relevant to polymeric materials and the biorefinery concept. He received his B.S in Physical-Chemistry from the National Chemical Engineering School in France and Ph.D in Materials Chemistry from the Institute of Molecular Chemistry, France where his research was related to the modification of starch for non food application. He has an extensive international experience. He worked for research agricultural governmental agencies in Japan and France before he joined Cornell University in United States and contribute to the development of novel generation of starch food based products using reactive extrusion. He has published over 40 technical papers on the starch modification and its applications and co-authored/edited two books on the renewables materials and polysaccharides. Currently, he is a senior scientist in the chemical industry and an adjunct professor and member associate graduate faculty at North Carolina State University. He is associated with the United States Department of Interior and organizing/presiding symposiums related to natural polymers within the American Chemical Society. He received many academic awards from Japan, France and USA for his research in the advances in understanding the starch macromolecules and its industrial applications.  

Preface 5
Contents 7
About the Editors 8
1 The State of the Art: Introduction to Spinning 9
Abstract 9
1.1 The Context 9
1.2 Manufacturing of Fibers 10
1.3 Types of Fiber Making Processes 11
1.4 Characteristics of Polysaccharides During Fiber Processing 16
1.5 Factors Influencing Polysaccharide Fiber Drawing 18
1.6 Technical Challenges and Opportunities in Polysaccharide Fiber Processing 18
References 19
2 One Step Dissolution, Extrusion, and Fiber Spinning of Chitin Using Ionic Liquid Solvents 20
Abstract 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Experimental Section 22
2.2.1 Materials and Methods 22
2.2.2 Fiber Spinning of Chitin 22
2.2.3 Characterization of Chitin/EMImAc Solution and Chitin Fibers 23
2.3 Temperature-Sensitive Fiber Spinning Behavior of Chitin/EMImAc Solution 25
2.4 FTIR Analysis of Chitin Fiber 26
2.5 Tensile Testing of Chitin Fibers 28
2.6 SEM Analysis of Chitin Fibers 29
2.7 WAXD Analysis of Chitin Fibers 29
2.8 Discussion 31
2.9 Conclusion 32
Acknowledgements 32
References 32
3 Functional Nanofibers Containing Cyclodextrins 35
Abstract 35
3.1 Introduction 36
3.1.1 Cyclodextrins 36
3.1.2 CD Inclusion Complexation 37
3.1.3 Applications of CDs 39
3.2 Electrospinning 41
3.2.1 Techniques 41
3.2.2 Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications 43
3.2.3 Air and Water Filtration 45
3.3 Electrospinning Nanofibers Containing Cyclodextrins 46
3.4 Electrospinning Polymers Containing Cyclodextrin-Inclusion Complexes 50
3.5 Crosslinking and Facilitation of Nanoparticle Incorporation in Nanofibers Using Cyclodextrins 53
3.6 Polymer-Free Electrospinning of Cyclodextrin Nanofibers 55
3.7 Electrospinning of Polymer-Cyclodextrin-Inclusion Complexes 56
3.8 Conclusions 60
References 60
4 Recent Advances in Cationic and Anionic Polysaccharides Fibers 69
Abstract 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.1.1 Cationic Polysaccharide 70
4.1.2 Anionic Polysaccharides 72
4.2 Ionic Polysaccharide Nanofibers and Applications 72
4.3 Recent Advances in Nano and Microparicles from Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes 73
4.4 Influence on Paper Properties 73
4.5 Multilayered Polysaccharide Biofilms 74
4.6 Complex Coacervation 74
4.7 Recycling of Paper and the Use of Scavenger Additives 78
4.8 Fiber Porosity and Its Effects on Polyelectrolyte Permeation and Surface Charge 78
4.9 Anionic Polysaccharide Hydrogels and Their Properties 78
References 79
5 Formation of Cellulose and Protein Blend Biofibers 82
Abstract 82
5.1 Introduction 82
5.2 Cellulose 83
5.3 Proteins 86
5.4 Viscose Process 89
5.5 Cuprammonium Process 95
5.6 Lithium Chloride and N,N–Dimethylacetamide 98
5.7 N–Methylmorpholine N–Oxide and Water 101
5.7.1 Aqueous Alkali and Aqueous Alkali/Urea 105
5.8 Ionic Liquids 110
5.9 Cellulose Derivatives/Protein Blend Fibers 112
5.10 Concluding Remarks 114
References 115