Eco-design in Electrical Engineering (eBook)

Contents 6
Introduction 8
Methodologies and Standards 9
1 Overview of Eco-design Applications on Various Types of Electronic Product Development 10
Abstract 10
1 Introduction 10
2 Eco-design in Product Development Process—DFE 11
3 Application of Eco-design Principles: Case of a Global Product Architecture Design 11
4 Application of Eco-design Principles: Case of a Product Design from Scratch 12
5 Application of Eco-design Principles: Case of a Product Development Based on a Previous Generation 13
6 Application of Eco-design Principles: Case of a Product Development with Limited Design Freedom 14
7 Conclusion 14
References 14
2 Hazardous Substances Management in the Supply Chain 15
Abstract 15
1 Introduction 15
2 No Bad Ingredients 16
3 No Bad Chemicals, Either 16
4 Being Selective in Material Use 17
5 How to Track Substances Content? 17
6 Schneider Electric Eco Label: Green Premium 19
7 Communication Using the PEP: Product Environmental Profile 20
8 Conclusion 21
References 21
3 SWOT Analysis of the ISO 14006 Application. A Practical Case and Its Consequences on Ecodesigned Products 22
Abstract 22
1 Introduction 22
2 ISO 14006 Principles and Steps 23
3 EMS in Place 23
3.1 Environmental Analysis 23
3.2 Processes and Operational Control 23
3.3 Continuous Improvement and Targets Setting 24
4 SWOT Analysis 24
4.1 On Environmental Analysis 24
4.2 On Processes 25
4.3 On Technical Topic 25
4.4 Concerning Stakeholders 26
4.5 On Budgets 26
5 Conclusion 26
References 27
4 Network for Building Purposes Equipment Environmental Declarations—Towards a Harmonised System? 28
Abstract 28
1 Introduction 30
2 Different Challenges to Be Overcome for the EEE Sector 31
3 Towards a Better Harmonisation 32
4 Conclusions 33
References 33
5 Dynamic Eco-design Strategic Options for Electric-Electronic Industry 34
Abstract 34
1 Introduction 35
2 The Vast Numbers of Eco-design Embodiments Provides a Robust Analysis of Specific Environmental Problem Considerations 35
3 Harmonization of Eco-design Embodiments with Other Corporate Strategies Constructs the Sustainability Both for Ecological and Economic Aspects 39
4 A Decisional Framework to Optimize the Process of Eco-design Products 40
5 Conclusion 43
References 44
Energy System and Planning 46
6 Renewable Energy, an Essential Element in India’s Energy Security (Electricity) 47
Abstract 47
1 Introduction 47
2 Power Generation Scenario in India 48
3 A Judicious Mix for Installed Capacity 48
4 Renewable Energy (Electricity) 49
5 The Right Place for Renewable Energy 49
6 Comparison of Cost of Production for Electricity from Different Sources? 50
7 Importance of Renewable Energy in Rural India 50
8 What Should We Do for Making It Happen? 51
9 What Can Be a Probable Scenario? 51
10 Legal Framework for Promoting Renewable Energy 52
11 Conclusion 53
7 Making Compatible Energy Planning with Urban Decision-Making: Socio-Energy Nodes and Local Configuration 54
Abstract 54
1 Introduction 54
2 Definition of a SEN 55
3 Theoretical Background in Energy and Urban Planning Literature 56
4 Material and Method 57
5 Results: Innovative District-SEN as an Intermediary Between Usual and Renewable SENs 59
6 Conclusion: Reconciling Energy Planning with Urban Decision-Making 62
Acknowledgements 63
References 63
8 A Tool to Optimize the Energy Flows in a Smart Building with Technic and Environmental Criteria 66
Abstract 66
1 Introduction and Context 66
2 Framework of the Study 68
2.1 System Characterization 69
3 System Assessment 69
3.1 Pv Panels 69
3.1.1 Impact on Landscape and Local Environment 70
3.1.2 PV Systems Recycling 70
3.1.3 Manufacturing and Environmental Impacts 70
3.1.4 Energy Payback Time 71
3.2 The Batteries 71
3.3 The Household 72
4 Inventory Analysis 73
4.1 The Consumption of Energy from the Grid 73
4.2 The Storage of Energy 74
4.3 The Production of Energy 74
5 Results 74
6 Conclusion and Perspectives 75
Acknowledgements 76
References 76
9 Demand Response Process in Context of the Unified LINK-Based Architecture 78
Abstract 78
1 Introduction 78
2 Holistic Model 79
3 Unified LINK-Based Architecture 81
4 Price Driven Demand Response 84
5 Conclusions 86
References 86
Components 87
10 Eco-design in Oil Immersed Transformers 88
Abstract 88
1 Introduction 89
2 Lyfe Cycle Analysis 89
2.1 Description of the Product 90
2.2 Life Cycle Analysis 91
2.2.1 Raw Materials Extraction 91
2.2.2 Manufacture of Components 92
2.2.3 Transformer Construction Process 93
2.2.4 Recycling and Waste Landfill 94
3 Working on Service Phase 94
4 Role in Higly Penetrated Distributed Generation 95
5 Conclusions 95
References 96
11 Low Inductance Fuses for Protection and Disconnection in DC Networks 98
Abstract 98
1 Short Circuit Faults in DC Networks 99
2 Fuse Protection for VSI Converters 99
3 Determination of Upm 101
4 Risk of Re-Ignition—Proposal for an Additional Characteristic Em 101
5 MERSEN’S Research-Program 104
6 Conclusion 107
Bibliography 107
12 Environmental Criteria for the Selection of Underground Transmission Cable Conductors 109
Abstract 109
1 Introduction 110
2 Electrical Resistance of Conductors 110
3 French Practice for Transmission Cable Systems 111
4 Losses Generated by Conductors 113
5 Economical Design of Cable Conductors 114
6 Prospects of Very Large Aluminium Conductors 116
7 Feedback from Environmental Studies on Underground Cable System and Issues 117
References 118
13 HiDry72: The Oil-Free and Safe Power Transformer for Sub-transmission Level 120
Abstract 120
1 Introduction 121
2 HiDry72 Dry-Type Power Transformer Technology 121
3 HiDry72 Technical Features 122
3.1 Ageing and Overloading of Dry-Type Power Transformers 122
3.2 HiDry72 Dry-Type Power Transformers Installations 123
4 Indoor 66 KV Urban Substation 126
Bibliography 127
14 An MgB2 HVDC Superconducting Cable for Power Transmission with a Reduced Carbon Footprint 128
Abstract 128
1 Introduction 129
2 Project Description Including Main Challenges 130
3 First Assessment of the Environmental Impact of MgB2 Superconducting Cables 132
4 Conclusions 134
References 134
Materials, Substances 135
15 g3—The Alternative to SF6 for High-Voltage Equipment 136
Abstract 136
1 Introduction 137
2 State of the Regulatory and Financial Constraints on SF6 137
3 Clean Grid Programme of GE’s Grid Solutions 139
4 Development of g3 Mixture—A SF6-free Solution 140
5 First Application of g3 Mixture 140
6 Conclusion 143
Bibliography 143
16 SF6 Management from Craddle to Craddle Advantage of SF6 Recycling 144
Abstract 144
1 Introduction 144
1.1 DIA 4 145
1.2 DIA 5 146
1.3 DIA 6 147
2 From Craddle to Craddle 147
2.1 DIA 8 147
2.2 DIA 9 147
2.3 DIA 10 148
2.4 DIA 11 Substitution of SF6 148
2.5 Dia 12 Recycling 148
2.6 Analysis at Reclaiming Center 149
2.7 DIA 13 Better in Process 150
17 5BIOP a Biocomposite for Electrical Application 151
Abstract 151
1 Introduction 152
2 Alfa Fiber 153
3 Polylactic Acid Pla 154
3.1 5BIOP Properties 154
3.2 Electrical Properties 154
3.3 Mechanical Properties 155
4 Environmental Properties 158
5 Conclusion 158
References 158
18 State of the Art Process of End-of-Life Treatment for SF6 Medium Voltage Equipment 159
Abstract 159
1 Introduction 159
2 Transportation 160
3 SF6 Recovery 161
4 Dismantling 163
5 SF6 Reclaiming or Destruction 164
6 Storage of Cylinders Containing Used SF6 164
7 Conclusions 165
References 166
19 Validation of a New Eco-friendly Insulating Gas for Medium and High Voltage Equipment 167
Abstract 167
1 Introduction 167
2 Alternative Gas Pre-selection 168
3 Characteristics of G S 169
3.1 Physical Parameters of Gas and Gas Mixtures 169
3.2 Dielectric Properties 172
3.3 Making and Breaking Capacity 174
3.4 Temperature Rise 175
3.5 Corrosion and Oxidation 175
3.6 Permeability, Tightness and Adsorption 175
3.7 Interaction Between Gases and Materials 175
3.8 Internal Arc Fault 175
4 Discussion and Conclusion 176
References 176