Food Packaging Materials (eBook)

Contents 6
1 Introduction to Food Packaging Materials 8
Abstract 8
1.1 Foreword 8
1.2 Facts and Figures 9
References 10
2 Ceramic Packaging Materials 11
Abstract 11
2.1 Ceramic Packaging Materials: An Overview 11
2.1.1 Glass 12
2.1.1.1 Thermal Properties of Glass Packages 14
2.1.1.2 Mechanical Properties of Glass Packages 15
2.1.1.3 Optical Properties of Glass Packages 16
2.1.2 Ceramics and Earthenware 16
References 18
3 Metal Packaging Materials 19
Abstract 19
3.1 Metal Packaging Materials: An Overview 20
3.2 Aluminum 20
3.2.1 Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Packaging Materials 22
3.2.2 Thermal Properties of Aluminum Packaging Materials 22
3.3 Coated Steels 23
3.3.1 Tinplate 24
3.3.2 Tin-Free Steel 25
3.3.3 Polymer-Coated Steels 26
3.4 Stainless Steels 26
References 27
4 Cellulosic Packaging Materials 29
Abstract 29
4.1 Cellulosic Packaging Materials. An Overview 29
4.1.1 Basic Cellulose Chemistry and Morphology 30
4.2 Papers and Boards 32
4.2.1 Lignin 33
4.2.2 Hemicellulose 33
4.2.3 The Pulping Process 33
4.2.4 Papermaking 34
4.3 Cellophane and Minor Materials 35
References 37
5 Plastic Packaging Materials 38
Abstract 38
5.1 Plastic Packaging Materials: An Overview 39
5.2 Oil Derived Polymers 40
5.2.1 Molecular Weight 40
5.2.2 Intermolecular Forces 40
5.2.3 Chain Entanglement 40
5.2.4 Polymer Morphology 41
5.2.5 Molecular Orientation 41
5.2.6 Tacticity 42
5.2.7 Polymers for Food Packaging. Main Features 43
5.2.7.1 Polyethylene (PE) 43
5.2.7.2 Polypropylene (PP) 46
5.2.7.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 46
5.2.7.4 Polystyrene (PS) 46
5.2.7.5 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 47
5.2.7.6 Polyamide (PA) 47
5.2.7.7 Minor Polymers 48
5.3 Bioplastics 49
5.3.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) 50
5.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) 50
5.3.3 Starch Polymers 51
5.3.4 Oil-Derived and Biodegradable Bioplastics 51
5.3.4.1 Aromatic and Aliphatic Co-polyesters 52
5.3.4.2 Polycaprolactone 52
5.3.4.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) 52
References 53
6 Materials Combinations 55
Abstract 55
6.1 Materials Combinations. An Overview 56
6.2 Multilayers Materials 56
6.2.1 Coextrusion 57
6.2.2 Adhesive Lamination 58
6.2.3 Multi-injection Moulding 59
6.2.4 Coating 60
6.2.5 Vacuum Metallisation 61
6.2.6 Multilayered Cardboards Forming 63
6.3 Composites, Blend and Alloys 64
6.3.1 Composites 64
6.3.2 Polymer Blends and Alloys 68
References 69
7 Chemical Features of Food Packaging Materials 72
Abstract 72
7.1 Food Packaging Materials: Chemical Features 72
7.2 Corrosion 73
7.3 Degradability 76
7.4 Chemical Resistance 77
References 78