VBR Video Traffic Models

Savera Tanwir, Computer Science Department at North Carolina State University, USA. Harry Perros is a distinguished Graduate Professor in the Computer Science Department at North Carolina State University, USA.

INTRODUCTION vii

CHAPTER 1. VIDEO CODING 1

1.1. Video coding 1

1.2. Video coding standards 3

1.2.1. The MPEG video coding standard 4

1.2.2. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 8

1.2.3. H.264 SVC 10

1.2.4. H.264 MVC 12

1.3. Rate control 15

1.4. Summary 16

CHAPTER 2. VIDEO TRAFFIC MODELING 19

2.1. The AR models 19

2.1.1. Review of the AR process 20

2.1.2. Survey of AR video traffic models 22

2.2. Models based on Markov processes 32

2.2.1. Review of Markov process models 33

2.2.2. Survey of Markov process models 35

2.2.3. Summary 42

2.3. Self-similar models 43

2.3.1. A survey of self-similar models for video traffic 44

2.3.2. Summary 46

2.4. Wavelet-based models 47

2.4.1. Survey of wavelet-based video traffic models 47

2.4.2. Summary 49

2.5. Other approaches 50

2.5.1. The M/G/∞ process 50

2.5.2. The SARIMA model 51

2.5.3. TES-based models 53

2.5.4. Summary 54

2.6. Video traffic models for layered scalable video 54

2.6.1. Summary 57

2.7. Video traffic models for three-dimensional video 58

2.7.1. A video traffic model for MVC video 60

2.8. Conclusion 62

CHAPTER 3. EVALUATION OF VIDEO TRAFFIC MODELS FOR H.264 AVC VIDEO 65

3.1. Model implementation 67

3.1.1. The DAR(1) model 67

3.1.2. A frame-based AR(2) model 69

3.1.3. A Markov-modulated gamma mode 70

3.1.4. A wavelet model 72

3.2. Experimental setup 73

3.3. Frame size distribution and ACF comparisons 74

3.4. QoS evaluation 81

3.4.1. End-to-end delay 81

3.4.2. Jitter 82

3.4.3. Packet loss 83

3.4.4. The simulation model 84

3.4.5. Results 86

3.5. Conclusion 94

CHAPTER 4. EVALUATION OF VIDEO TRAFFIC MODEL FOR H.264 MVC VIDEO 97

4.1. A video traffic model for MVC video 97

4.2. Experimental setup 99

4.3. Results 100

4.3.1. Q–Q plots and ACF comparisons 100

4.3.2. QoS evaluation 100

4.4. Conclusion 113

CONCLUSION 115

APPENDIX 119

GLOSSARY 131

BIBLIOGRAPHY 135

INDEX 145