Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems (eBook)

Robert Mason is a Professor in the Departments of Marine Sciences and Chemistry at the University of Connecticut. His research focuses on the chemistry, fate, transport and bioaccumulation of trace metals in the marine and freshwater environments, with a focus on exchanges at the primary interfaces (air/water and sediment/water) and on transformations (methylation/demethylation, oxidation/reduction). Mercury biogeochemistry has been the primary focus of much of his research.

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 A Historical Background to Metal Aquatic Chemistry

1.2. Historical Problems with Metal Measurements in Environmental Media

1.3 Recent Advances in Aquatic Metal Analysis
Chapter 2: An Introduction to the Cycling of Metals in the Biosphere

2.1 The Hydrologic Cycle

2.2 An Introduction to the Global Cycling of Trace Metals

2.3 Global Cycles of Some Important Trace Metals

2.4 Chapter Summary - Main Points

Chapter 3: Chemical Thermodynamics and Metal(loid) Complexation in Natural Waters

3.1 Thermodynamic Background for Understanding Trace Metal(loid) Complexation

3.2 Bonding, Electronic Configuration and Complex Formation

3.3 Complexation of Metals in Solution

3.4 Trace Metal Interactions with the Solid Phase

3.5. Redox Transformations and Thermodynamic Calculations

3.6. Chapter Summary

Chapter 4: Modeling Approaches to Estimating Speciation and Interactions in Aqueous Systems

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Underlying Basis and Application of Chemical Equilibrium Models

4.3 Adsorption Modeling

4.4 Modeling Interactions between Cations and Organic Matter and Inorganic Surfaces

4.5 Modeling Redox Transformations

4.6 Modeling the Kinetics of Reactions

4.7 Incorporating Kinetics and Thermodynamics into Fate and Transport Modeling

4.8. Chapter Summary

Chapter 5: Metal(loid)s in the Atmosphere and their Inputs to Surface Waters

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Atmospheric Transport and Deposition

5.3 Atmospheric Chemistry and Surface Water Photochemistry of Metals

5.4 Solubilization of Aerosol Metal(loid)s in Natural Waters

5.5 Focus Topics

5.6 Inputs of Atmospheric Metals to the Biosphere

5.7 Chapter Summary

Chapter 6: Trace Metal(loid)s in Marine Waters

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Metal(loid) Partitioning in Coastal and Open Ocean Waters

6.3 Metals in Coastal and Offshore Sediments

6.4 Metal Distributions in Open Ocean Waters

6.5 Chapter Summary

Chapter 7: Trace Metals in Freshwater

7.1 Overview of Metal cycling in Freshwaters

7.2 Trace Element Cycling in Lakes

7.3 Trace Elements in Rivers and Groundwater

7.4 Human Activities and Their Impact on Trace metal(loid) Concentration in Drinking Water and Receiving Waters

7.5 Metal Stable Isotopes and Their Uses

7.6 Chapter Summary

Chapter 8: Trace Metals and Organisms: Essential and Toxic Metals, Organometallics, Microbial Processes and Metal Bioaccumulation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Mechanisms of Metal Accumulation by Microorganisms

8.3 Essential Trace Metals

8.4 Organometallic Compounds and Microbial Transformation of Metals

8.5 Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation

8.6 Chapter Summary

Index