Migration from Food Contact Materials

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Regulatory systems.- 1.2 Hazards to food.- 1.3 Applications.- 1.4 Definitions.- 1.5 Non-food contact applications.- 1.6 Materials.- 1.7 Research and development.- 1.8 Structure of the book.- 2 Effects of migration.- 2.1 Adverse and beneficial effects.- 2.2 Assessment of risk.- 2.3 Models.- 2.4 Units 24 Further reading.- 3 Mathematical modeling.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Science and legislation.- 3.3 The maximum possible concentration.- 3.4 Types of possible mathematical model.- 3.5 Conclusions.- 3.6 History.- References.- 4 Organoleptic assessment.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Principles of sensory evaluation of food.- 4.3 Sensory testing for taint.- 4.3.3 Preventive (taint transfer) testing.- 4.4 Applications to food contact materials.- 4.5 Ethical considerations.- Further reading.- 5 Plastics.- 5.1 Relevance of plastic packages.- 5.2 Definitions.- 5.3 Migration testing.- 5.4 Test results.- 5.5 Some remarks on alternative fatty food simulants.- 5.6 Final remarks.- References.- 6 Metals.- 6.1 Steel and tinplate.- 6.2 Aluminium.- Further reading.- 7 Glass.- 7.1 Assessment.- 7.2 Glass types and migration.- 8 Paper and board.- 8.1 Structure and composition of paper.- 8.2 Paper grades for food contact.- 8.3 General concept of migration from paper.- 8.4 Mass transfer of certain substances.- 8.5 Migration of volatile compounds.- 8.6 Conclusions.- References.- 9 Regenerated cellulose film (RCF).- 9.1 History.- 9.2 Composition and legislation.- 9.3 Migration and legislative control.- References.- 10 Elastomers.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Types of rubber compounds used in contact with food.- 10.3 Potential migrating species.- 10.4 Compounding of food contact elastomers.- 10.5 The nitrosamine debate.- 10.6 Analysis of migrating species from elastomers.- 10.7 Published migration data.- References.- Further reading.- 11 Methodology.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 The users of migration data.- 11.3 The migration data required.- 11.4 Analysis of materials.- 11.5 The migration exposure.- 11.6 Determination of OM.- 11.7 Analysis of simulants.- 11.8 Analysis of foods.- 11.9 Food surveillance.- 11.10 Analytical quality assurance.- 11.11 Conclusions 250 Further reading.- 12 Real life and other special situations.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 High-temperature migration.- 12.3 Repeat use.- Further reading.- 13 Regulations.- 13.1 Introduction and basics.- 13.2 European Union legislation.- 13.3 US legislation.- 13.4 Japanese legislation.- Reference.- Appendix 1: List of symbols.- Appendix 2: Abbreviations and acronyms.