Optical Fiber Telecommunications III (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Optical Fiber Telecommunications IIIA 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Contributors 14
Chapter 1. Overview 18
History 18
The New Volume 19
Survey of Volumes IIIA and IIIB 20
References 29
Chapter 2. SONET and ATM 30
Background 30
Network Solutions 33
Synchronous Transmission Networking: SONET and the SDH 41
ATM Networking 49
SONET and ATM 57
References 58
Chapter 3. Coding and Error Correction in Optical Fiber Communications Systems 59
Introduction 59
Common Modulation Formats for Fiber Systems—Direct Detection and Coherent Systems 61
Fundamental Detection Performances and Deviations of Currently Available Systems 63
Potential Role of Forward Error-Correcting Codes in Fiber Systems and Its Beneficial Ripple Effects on System and Hardware Designs 67
Some Practical Codes 70
Applications of Coding to Future Lightwave Systems Such as WDM Systems and Optical Networks 75
Summary 78
References 78
Chapter 4. Advances in Fiber Design and Processing 80
Introduction 80
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 81
High-Power Fiber Amplifier 88
Amplification at 1.3 µm 91
Dispersion Management 94
Specialty Connector Fibers 103
Conclusions 104
References 104
Chapter 5. Advances in Cable Design 109
Introduction 109
Performance, Reliability, and Standards 109
Outside Plant Cables 110
References 129
Chapter 6. Polarization Effects in Lightwave Systems 131
Introduction 131
Origin of Polarization Effects in Fiber 132
PMD in Systems 141
Measurement of PMD 160
Polarization Effects in Amplified Systems 168
References 172
Chapter 7. Dispersion Compensation for Optical Fiber Systems 179
Introduction 179
Lightwave Systems 180
Chromatic Dispersion 182
Dispersion Compensation 187
The Next Step 206
Summary 207
References 207
Chapter 8. Fiber Nonlinearities and Their Impact on Transmission Systems 213
Introduction 213
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering 216
Self-Phase Modulation 220
Cross-Phase Modulation 224
Four-Photon Mixing 229
Dispersion Management 242
Modulation Instability 248
Stimulated Raman Scattering 256
Scaling Nonlinearities 265
Formulas and Symbols 270
References 271
Chapter 9. Terrestrial Amplified Lightwave System Design 282
Introduction 282
Architecture and Building Blocks of Lightwave Networks 284
Optical Amplifier System Design 292
WDM Issues 300
Optical Fiber Constraints 306
Advanced Experiments and Field Trials 311
Future Trends 312
References 315
Chapter 10. Undersea Amplified Lightwave Systems Design 319
Introduction 319
Transmission Formats 321
Amplifier Chains 324
Dispersion and Nonlinearity Management 329
Measures of System Margin 331
Polarization Effects 337
Transmission Experiments 340
Transmission Systems 344
Summary 348
References 349
Chapter 11. Advances in High Bit-Rate Transmission Systems 353
Introduction 353
High-Speed Receiver Design 354
System Performance 364
High-Speed Electronics 379
References 387
Chapter 12. Solitons in High Bit-Rate, Long-Distance Transmission 390
Introduction 390
Pulse Propagation and Solitons in Optical Fibers: A Tutorial 392
Spontaneous Emission and Other Noise Effects 408
Frequency Guiding Filters 417
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing 437
Polarization Effects 460
References 474
Chapter 13. A Survey of Fiber Optics in Local Access Architectures 478
Introduction 478
Models of Current Access Architectures 480
Considerations for Network Providers 485
Examples of Current Access Architecture Models 491
Use of WDM in Passive Optical Networks for Access 505
Summary 524
References 525
Chapter 14. Lightwave Analog Video Transmission 540
Introduction 540
Analog Lightwave Systems 542
Analog Lightwave Technology 550
Summary 573
References 573
Chapter 15. Advanced Multiaccess Lightwave Networks 577
Introduction 577
Optical Transparency 578
WDM Point-to-Point Links 583
WDM Rings 584
WDM Local Access Networks 590
Wavelength-Routing Network Test Beds 593
Conclusions 606
References 608
Index 612