Modern Techniques for Food Authentication (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Hyperspectral Imaging for FoodQuality Analysis and Control 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
About the Editor 8
Contributors 10
Preface 14
PART 1Fundamentals 16
CHAPTER 1Principles of Hyperspectral Imaging Technology 18
INTRODUCTION 18
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTROSCOPY,IMAGING, AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 20
FUNDAMENTALS OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 26
CONFIGURATION OF HYPERSPECTRALIMAGING SYSTEM 39
CALIBRATION OF HYPERSPECTRALIMAGING SYSTEM 47
SPECTRAL DATA ANALYSIS AND CHEMOMETRICS 51
CONCLUSIONS 54
CHAPTER 2Spectral Preprocessing and Calibration Techniques 60
INTRODUCTION 60
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE SPECTRALPREPROCESSING 61
CONCLUSIONS 85
CHAPTER 3Hyperspectral Image Classification Methods 94
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION INFOOD: AN OVERVIEW 94
OPTIMAL FEATURE AND BAND EXTRACTION 96
CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON FIRST- ANDSECOND-ORDER STATISTICS 104
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USINGNEURAL NETWORKS 106
KERNEL METHOD FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGECLASSIFICATION 107
CONCLUSIONS 109
CHAPTER 4Hyperspectral Image Processing Techniques 114
INTRODUCTION 114
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 115
IMAGE SEGMENTATION 124
OBJECT MEASUREMENT 130
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SOFTWARE 133
CONCLUSIONS 139
CHAPTER 5Hyperspectral Imaging Instruments 144
INTRODUCTION 144
METHODS FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGEACQUISITION 146
INSTRUMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTINGHYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEMS 148
INSTRUMENTS FOR CALIBRATINGHYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEMS 174
CONCLUSIONS 182
PART 2Applications 188
CHAPTER 6Meat Quality Assessment Using a Hyperspectral Imaging System 190
INTRODUCTION 190
MEAT QUALITY EVALUATION TECHNIQUES 193
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM 201
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING FOR MEATQUALITY EVALUATION 207
CONCLUSIONS 245
CHAPTER 7Automated Poultry Carcass Inspection by a Hyperspectral-Multispectral Line-Scan Imaging System 256
INTRODUCTION 256
CURRENT UNITED STATES POULTRYINSPECTION PROGRAM 258
DEVELOPMENT OF VIS/NIR SPECTROSCOPYBASEDPOULTRY INSPECTION SYSTEMS 260
DEVELOPMENT OF TARGET-TRIGGERED IMAGINGFOR ON-LINE POULTRY INSPECTION 264
DEVELOPMENT OF LINE-SCAN IMAGINGFOR ON-LINE POULTRY INSPECTION 270
CONCLUSIONS 282
CHAPTER 8Quality Evaluation of Fish by Hyperspectral Imaging 288
INTRODUCTION 288
SUBJECTIVE ROI ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGESFOR FISH FRESHNESS IDENTIFICATION 292
MORPHOMETRIC SUPERIMPOSITION FORTOPOGRAPHICAL FISH FRESHNESS COMPARISON 297
CONCLUSIONS 303
CHAPTER 9Bruise Detection of Apples Using Hyperspectral Imaging 310
INTRODUCTION 310
GENERAL METHODS TO DETECT BRUISE DAMAGE 312
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY 314
AN EXAMPLE OF A HYPERSPECTRAL SYSTEMDEVELOPED FOR EARLY DETECTION OF APPLEBRUISE DAMAGE 320
CONCLUSIONS 330
CHAPTER 10Analysis of Hyperspectral Images of Citrus Fruits 336
INTRODUCTION 336
A FIRST APPROACH TO AUTOMATIC INSPECTIONOF CITRUS: MULTISPECTRAL IDENTIFICATION OFBLEMISHES ON CITRUS PEEL 338
CONSIDERATIONS ON HYPERSPECTRALIMAGE ACQUISITION FOR CITRUS 341
DESCRIPTION AND TUNING OFA HYPERSPECTRAL SYSTEM FOR CITRUSFRUIT INSPECTION 346
AUTOMATIC EARLY DETECTION OF ROTTENFRUIT USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE ANALYSIS 354
CONCLUSIONS 360
CHAPTER 11Visualization of Sugar Distribution of Melons by Hyperspectral Technique 364
INTRODUCTION 364
VISUALIZATION BY VISIBLE WAVELENGTHREGION 365
VISUALIZATION BY SUGAR ABSORPTIONWAVELENGTH 371
CONCLUSIONS 380
CHAPTER 12Measuring Ripening of Tomatoes Using Imaging Spectrometry 384
INTRODUCTION 384
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING COMPARED TOCOLOR VISION 386
MEASURING COMPOUND DISTRIBUTION INRIPENING TOMATOES 394
ON-LINE UNSUPERVISED MEASUREMENT OFTOMATO MATURITY 397
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE ANALYSIS FORMODELING TOMATO MATURITY 402
CONCLUSIONS 413
CHAPTER 13Using Hyperspectral Imaging for Quality Evaluation ofnbspMushrooms 418
INTRODUCTION 418
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING OF MUSHROOMS 420
CONCLUSIONS 442
CHAPTER 14Hyperspectral Imaging fornbspDefect Detection of Pickling Cucumbers 446
INTRODUCTION 446
DETECTION OF EXTERNAL BRUISE 448
DETECTION OF INTERNAL DEFECT 453
CONCLUSIONS 460
CHAPTER 15Classification of Wheat Kernels Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging 464
INTRODUCTION 464
CLASSIFICATION METHODS 467
NIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 470
WHEAT CLASSIFICATION BY NIRHYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 474
CHALLENGES TO THE HSI TECHNOLOGY 479
CONCLUSION 480
Index 486