Neurobiology of Dementia (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Neurobiology of Dementia 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 16
Chapter 1: Normal Brain Aging: Clinical, Immunological, Neuropsychological, and Neuroimaging Features 18
I. Introduction 19
II. Epidemiology of Aging: Risks and Implications 19
III. Normal Aging and Functional Performance 22
IV. T- and B-Lymphocyte Loss of Function in the Aging Immune System 24
V. Neuropsychology of Aging 26
VI. Imaging Studies in Aging 28
References 31
Chapter 2: Subcortical Ischemic Cerebrovascular Dementia 38
I. Terminology 39
II. Various Classifications of "Vascular" Dementia 39
III. Cognition and Aging 40
IV. Subcortical Strokes and Cognitive Impairment 41
V. Pathophysiology of Cognitive Impairment in Subcortical Vascular Lesions 43
VI. Treatment and Prevention 45
References 46
Chapter 3: Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease 52
I. Introduction 52
II. Risk Factors to AD 54
III. Conclusions 62
Acknowledgment 63
References 63
Chapter 4: Neuroimaging of Cognitive Impairments in Vascular Disease 66
I. Introduction 67
II. Vascular Cognitive Impairment 75
III. Updates on Neuroimaging Techniques in VCI 84
IV. Conclusions 90
Acknowledgments 91
References 91
Chapter 5: Contributions of Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging to Understanding Clinical Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment 98
I. Introduction 99
II. Neuropsychological Presentation 100
III. Stability of Diagnosis 102
IV. Conversion to Dementia 102
V. MCI and Health Variables 103
VI. Daily Functioning and MCI 105
VII. Neuroimaging 106
VIII. Treatment 110
IX. Conclusions 112
Acknowledgments 114
References 114
Chapter 6: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Dementias and Mild Cognitive Impairment 122
I. Introduction 123
II. Metabolites in 1H MRS 123
III. 1H MRS Findings in Dementias 125
IV. Discussion 138
Acknowledgments 141
References 141
Chapter 7: Application of Pet Imaging to Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment1 150
I. Background 151
II. Application of PET to Primary and Specialty Care Settings 155
III. Appropriate Use of PET 157
IV. Summary 162
References 162
Chapter 8: The Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type: An Overview 168
I. Introduction 168
II. Cellular Pathogenesis and Investigational Strategies 169
III. Molecular and Genetic Studies Resulting in Therapeutic Strategies 172
References 178
Chapter 9: Alzheimer's Disease Genetics: Current Status and Future Perspectives 184
I. Introduction: The Genetic Dichotomy of Alzheimer's Disease 185
II. Genome-Wide Association Studies in AD 186
III. Systematic Field Synopsis and Meta-Analyses: The AlzGene Database 189
IV. Strengths and Limitations of the AlzGene Approach 192
V. Assessment of Case-Control Associations Using Family-Based Methods 193
VI. Conclusions 196
Acknowledgments 197
References 198
Chapter 10: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Insights from Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging 202
I. Introduction 203
II. Classification of FTLD Subtypes and Their Features 207
III. Neuropsychological Assessment 209
IV. Neurobehavioral Assessment 214
V. Neuroimaging of FTLD 216
VI. Summary 224
References 224
Chapter 11: Lewy Body Dementia 232
I. Introduction 233
II. DLB Clinical Features 235
III. PD-D 237
IV. DLB and PD-D 238
V. Pathology 238
VI. Genetics 240
VII. Biomarkers 241
VIII. Management 242
References 243
Chapter 12: Dementia in Parkinson's Disease 246
I. Introduction 246
II. Epidemiology 247
III. Early Cognitive Changes in Parkinson's Disease 248
IV. Clinical Features of Parkinson's Disease Dementia 250
V. Pathology 252
VI. Neuroimaging 253
VII. Diagnosis 254
VIII. Treatment 254
References 256
Chapter 13: Early Onset Dementia 262
I. Introduction 263
II. Diagnostic Approach 263
III. Differential Diagnosis 266
References 278
Chapter 14: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus1 280
I. History 281
II. Physical Examination 283
III. Laboratory Serologies 285
IV. Neuroimaging 285
V. Modern Diagnostic Criteria 286
VI. Treatment 290
VII. Predictors of Response to Shunting in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 291
VIII. Recent Work 292
References 296
Chapter 15: Reversible Dementias 300
I. Introduction 300
II. Etiologies 304
III. Nutritional Abnormalities 305
IV. Endocrine Disorders and Cognition 306
References 316
Index 320
Contents of Recent Volumes 328
Color Plates 356