Advances in Gyroscope Technologies (eBook)

Advances in Gyroscope Technologies 2
Preface 4
Contents 6
1 Introduction 8
1.1…Overview of Gyroscope Technologies 8
1.2…Gyro Performance Parameters 9
1.3…Gyro Applications 13
References 14
2 Physical Effects in Gyroscopes 16
2.1…Sagnac Effect 16
2.2…Coriolis Force Effect 19
References 22
3 He--Ne and Solid-State Ring Laser Gyroscopes 23
3.1…He--Ne RLG Architectures 24
3.2…Error Sources in He--Ne RLGs 26
3.2.1 Null Shift 27
3.2.2 Lock-in 27
3.2.3 Scale Factor Variation 30
3.3…Quantum Noise in He--Ne RLGs 30
3.4…Solid-State RLGs 31
References 32
4 Fiber Optic Gyroscopes 35
4.1…Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyros (IFOGs) 36
4.2…Resonant Fiber Optic Gyros (RFOGs) 43
4.2.1 Phase Modulation-Based Read-Out Technique 46
4.2.2 Frequency Modulation-Based Read-Out Technique 49
4.2.3 Resonator Length Modulation-Based Read-Out Technique 50
4.2.4 Critical Aspects of RFOGs 51
4.3…Optical Gyros Based on a Fiber Ring Laser 53
References 55
5 Integrated Optical Gyroscopes 57
5.1…Active Integrated Optical Gyros 58
5.1.1 Integrated Ring Lasers 58
5.1.1.1 Electrically Pumped Integrated Ring Lasers 58
5.1.1.2 Optically Pumped Integrated Ring Lasers 61
5.1.2 Fully Integrated Active Optical Gyros 64
5.2…Passive Integrated Optical Gyros 68
5.2.1 Passive Integrated Optical Gyros Based on a Ring Resonator 69
5.2.2 Passive Integrated Optical Gyros Based on Coupled Ring Resonators 79
5.2.3 Passive Integrated Optical Gyros Based on a Photonic Crystal Cavity 82
References 83
6 MEMS Gyroscopes 88
6.1…Fabrication Technologies 90
6.2…Research Prototypes and Commercially Available Devices 91
6.2.1 z-Axis MEMS Gyros 92
6.2.2 Lateral-Axis MEMS Gyros 100
6.2.3 Dual-Axis MEMS Gyros 101
6.2.4 Summary of MEMS Gyros Performance 102
6.2.5 Open Issues and Design Criteria 102
6.3…MOEMS Gyros 105
References 105
7 Emerging Gyroscope Technologies 108
7.1…Performance of Commercial Gyroscopes 108
7.2…New Concepts of Gyros 109
7.2.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope 109
7.2.2 Gyro Based on Atom Interferometer 111
7.2.3 Superfluid Gyroscope 111
References 112
Index 114