Mortality and Maldevelopment (eBook)
XI, 265 Seiten
Springer Netherlands (Verlag)
978-1-4020-9606-8 (ISBN)
Congenital malformations are worldwide occurrences striking in every condition of society. These severe physical abnormalities which are present at birth and affecting every part of the body happen more often than usually realized, once in every 33 births. The most common, after heart defects, are those of the neural tube (the brain and spinal cord) which happen in as many as one in every 350 births. They have been noted as curiousities in man and beast throughout recorded history and received great attention in our time by various fields of study, for example, their faulty prenatal development by embryologists, familial patterns by geneticists, causation by environmentalists and variability by population scientists.
Attention turned much in recent years to the relation of these malformations to deficiency of a particular dietary ingredient, folic acid, a subject this book analyzes in depth. The greatest conundrum of all, which this latest matter like so much else hinges on, is the amazing fact of the tremendous, almost universal decrease in the frequency of these anomalies since early in the 20th century. The puzzle is 'What can this downward trend possibly mean?' and at bottom 'Whether it is part of a long-term cyclical pattern'. This fascinating biological phenomenon is explored in the book together with various other topics.
Congenital malformations are worldwide occurrences striking in every condition of society. These severe physical abnormalities which are present at birth and affecting every part of the body happen more often than usually realized, once in every 33 births. The most common, after heart defects, are those of the neural tube (the brain and spinal cord) which happen in as many as one in every 350 births. They have been noted as curiousities in man and beast throughout recorded history and received great attention in our time by various fields of study, for example, their faulty prenatal development by embryologists, familial patterns by geneticists, causation by environmentalists and variability by population scientists.Attention turned much in recent years to the relation of these malformations to deficiency of a particular dietary ingredient, folic acid, a subject this book analyzes in depth. The greatest conundrum of all, which this latest matter like so much else hinges on, is the amazing fact of the tremendous, almost universal decrease in the frequency of these anomalies since early in the 20th century. The puzzle is 'What can this downward trend possibly mean?' and at bottom 'Whether it is part of a long-term cyclical pattern'. This fascinating biological phenomenon is explored in the book together with various other topics.
Mortality and Maldevelopment 2
Harold Kalter 3
Contents 6
Introduction: Basic Stuff 11
Neural Tube Defects 14
Neural Tube Defects in History 14
Normal Neural Tube Development 16
Failure of Closure 16
Defining Neural Tube Defects 17
Definition Differences 19
A Word about Etiology, etc. 20
The Frequency of Neural Tube Defects 22
Death and Malformation 24
Setting the Stage 25
Malformations in Early 20th Century USA 25
Studies in the Old World 27
United Kingdom and Ireland 27
Scotland 37
England 41
British/Irish Ancestry 56
The Continent of Europe 58
The North 58
The West 69
The Center 77
The South 82
Others 83
The United States 85
A Transcontinental View 85
The Northeast 86
The South 100
Midwest 107
Mid-South 111
Texas 111
The West 116
Pacific West 118
Furthest West 123
Geography and Chronology 124
Nationwide Survey 125
Continental Overlook 127
The Larger Northeast 128
The South 130
The Center 131
The Mid-South 132
The West 132
Canada 134
Newfoundland 134
Nova Scotia 136
New Brunswick 138
Quebec 138
Ontario 140
Manitoba 142
Alberta 142
British Columbia 143
Canada from East to West 147
Other Lands 149
Australia and New Zealand 150
Victoria 150
New South Wales 152
South Australia 153
Western Australia 153
Other States and Territories 155
New Zealand 156
Blacks and Jews 159
Blacks 159
A Puzzle 165
Jews 165
The Mideast 170
Arabs 170
Iran 171
Turkey 171
Asia 173
India 173
China 173
The Sex Ratio Phenomenon 175
Sex Ratio in all Births 175
Sex Ratio in Neural Tube Defects 176
Sex Ratio in Pregnancy 178
Sex Ratio of Neural Tube Defect Abortions 179
Abortion 181
Abortion and Congenital Malformation 181
Abortion and Chromosome Abnormality 181
Abortion and Neural Tube Defect 182
Induced Abortion and Chromosome Abnormality 184
Questions 185
Fetal Diagnosis of Neural Tube Defect 186
Genesis of the Discovery 186
Neglected Opportunities 187
Questions 188
Etiology I: Early Questions 191
Recurrence 192
Recurrence in Families 193
Sex Disparities 195
Neural Tube Defects in Twins 196
In Sum 201
Abortion of Neural Tube Defects 201
Neural Tube Defect Accessories 203
Etiology II 207
A Small History Lesson 207
Later Days 208
Retinoids 209
Anticonvulsants 210
Folic Acid 210
Neural Tube Defects in China 216
Earlier Findings 216
A Folic Acid Study 216
Other Studies 217
Later Reports 219
Does Folic Acid Prevent Neural Tube Defects? 220
A Coda 221
The Ultimate Question 222
The Future 224
Bibliography 225
Index 259
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 28.2.2009 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XI, 265 p. |
| Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Gynäkologie / Geburtshilfe |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Intensivmedizin | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege | |
| Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Histologie / Embryologie | |
| Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Humangenetik | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Epidemiologie / Med. Biometrie | |
| Technik | |
| Schlagworte | Birth • Diagnosis • Embryo • etiology • maternal and child health • Population • Sex |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4020-9606-2 / 1402096062 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4020-9606-8 / 9781402096068 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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