Ideals and Ideologies

Contents

Preface to the Fifth Edition  v

About the Editors  vi

Introduction  vii

Part ONE

The Concept of Ideology  1

   1   Terrell Carver–Ideology: The Career of a Concept  3

Part two

The Democratic Ideal  11

   2   Euripides–Democracy and Despotism  14

   3   Pericles–Funeral Oration  16

   4   Aristotle–Democratic Judgment and the “Middling” Constitution  21

   5   Niccolò Machiavelli–What’s Wrong with Princely Rule?  26

   6   John Adams–What Is a Republic?  30

   7   Bill of Rights of the United States  36

   8   Alexis de Tocqueville–Democracy and Equality  38

   9   John Stuart Mill–Democratic Participation and Political Education  46

10   Michael Walzer–Town Meetings and Workers’ Control  53

11   Danielle Allen–Democracy and the Power of Education  62

Part three

Liberalism  69

12   Thomas Hobbes–The State of Nature and the Basis of Obligation  72

13   John Locke–Toleration and
Government  79

14   Thomas Paine–Government, Rights, and the Bonds Between Generations  94

15   Declaration of Independence of the United States  98

16   Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens  101

17   Adam Smith–Private Profit, Public
Good  104

18   Immanuel Kant–Freedom and Enlightenment  107

19   John Stuart Mill–Liberty and
Individuality  110

20   William Graham Sumner–According to the Fitness of Things  117

21   T. H. Green–Liberalism and Positive Freedom  121

22   Donald Allen–Paternalism vs. Democracy: A Libertarian View  125

23   Murray Rothbard–Libertarian
Anarchism  129

24   Philip Selznick–The Communitarian Persuasion  133

Part four

Conservatism  143

25   Edmund Burke–Society, Reverence, and the “True Natural Aristocracy”  145

26   Joseph de Maistre–Conservatism as Reaction  152

27   William Wordsworth–The Poet as Conservative  156

28   José Ortega y Gasset–Revolt of the Masses  159

29   Michael Oakeshott–On Being Conservative  163

30   Robert H. Bork–Modern Liberalism and Cultural Decline  176

31   Irving Kristol---The Neoconservative Persuasion 184

32  James Dobson ---Standing Strong in a Confused Culture

Part five

Socialism and Communism: More to Marx  195

33   Thomas More–Utopia  197

34   Robert Owen–Address to the Inhabitants of New Lanark  204

35   Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels–The Communist Manifesto  208

36   Karl Marx–On the Materialist Conception of History  221

Part six

Socialism and Communism After Marx  223

37   Eduard Bernstein–Evolutionary
Socialism  225

38   V. I. Lenin–Revisionism, Imperialism, and Revolution  231

39   Leon Trotsky–The Permanent
Revolution  244

40   Mao Zedong–On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship  248

41   Mikhail Bakunin–Anarcho-Communism vs. Marxism  258

42   Emma Goldman–Anarchism: What It Really Stands For  261

43   Edward Bellamy–Looking
Backward  275

44   Michael Yates---Can the Working Class Change the World? 

Part seven

Fascism  295

45   Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau–Civilization and Race  297

46   Benito Mussolini–The Doctrine of Fascism  304

47   Alfredo Rocco–The Political Theory of Fascism  312

48   Adolf Hitler–Nation and Race  318

Part eight

Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity  335

49   Martin Luther King, Jr.–Letter from Birmingham Jail  338

50   Steve Biko–Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity  349

51   Mary Wollstonecraft–A Vindication of the Rights of Women  355

52  Olympe de Gouges---Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

53   Sarah Grimké–Letters on the Equality of the Sexes  360

54   Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions  368

55   Marilyn Frye–Oppression  372

56   John Corvino–Homosexuality: The Nature and Harm Arguments  381

57   Ward Churchill–I Am Indigenist  390

58   Gustavo Gutierrez–Liberation
Theology  396

59   Peter Singer–All Animals Are Equal  402

Part nine

“Green” Politics: Ecology as Ideology  413

60   Aldo Leopold–The Land Ethic  416

61   Wendell Berry–Getting Along with Nature  427

62   Dave Foreman–Putting the Earth
First  435

63   Vandana Shiva–Women in Nature  441

Part ten

Radical Islam  449

64   Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini–Islamic Government  452

65   Abd al-Salam Faraj–The Neglected
Duty  465

66  Osama bin Laden et al.---Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

 

Part eleven

Globalization and the Future of Ideology

67     John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge---The Hidden Promise of Globalization

68     Patrick Buchanan---Globalization Is Economic Treason