Sexual Ethics

PATRICK D. HOPKINS is the Jennie Carlisle Golding Chair of Philosophy at Millsaps College and Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Affiliate Faculty of the Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He is the editor of Sex/Machine: Readings in Culture, Gender, and Technology and is the author of numerous articles on bioethics, moral psychology, gender studies, and science and technology studies.

Preface: How This Book Is Organized and How to Use It x

Acknowledgements xiii

Part I Introduction to Sex, Sexuality, and Sexual Ethics 1

1 What is Sex? What is Sexuality? What is Sexual Ethics? 3
patrick d. hopkins

Section 1: What is Sex? 4

1.1 Discussion Starters 4

1.2 The Problem of Definitions 4

1.3 Solutions to the Problem of Definitions 7

1.4 Decision Cases 7

Section 2: What is Sexuality? 12

2.1 Discussion Starters 12

2.2 Definitions 13

2.3 Contextual Categorizations 15

2.4 Decision Cases 16

Section 3: What is Sexual Ethics? 21

3.1 Discussion Starters 21

3.2 Methods of Ethics 22

3.3 Moral Psychology and Analysis 24

3.4 Decision Cases 25

Part II Consent and Coercion 33

How should we define sexual harassment?

2 A Feminist Definition of Sexual Harassment 35
Anita M. Superson

3 Lost Innocence 45
Laurence Thomas

4 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Domino’s Pizza, Inc. 53
United States District Court (M.D. Florida, Tampa Division)

5 Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. 58
United States Supreme Court

How should we define rape?

6 Force, Consent, and the Reasonable Woman 62
Joan Mcgregor

7 Rape and the Reasonable Man 74
Donald Hubin And Karen Healy

8 Revisions to the Uniform Crime Report’s Definition of Rape 84
United States Department Of Justice

How should we assess the age of consent?

9 Romeo and Juliet Were Sex Offenders: An Analysis of the Age of Consent and a Call for Reform 86
Steve James

10 A Bee Line in the Wrong Direction: Science, Teenagers, and the Sting to the “Age of Consent” 98
Jennifer Ann Drobac

Part III Marriage and Fidelity 117

Should we provide new options for heterosexual marriage?

11 Covenant Marriage Seven Years Later: Its as Yet Unfulfilled Promise 119
Katherine Shaw Spaht

12 Regulatory Fictions: On Marriage and Countermarriage 129
Elizabeth F. Emens

Should we legalize gay marriage?

13 A Traditionalist Case for Gay Marriage 147
Dale Carpenter

14 A Response to the ‘Conservative Case’ for Same- Sex Marriage: Same- Sex Marriage and the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ 154
Lynn D. Wardles

15 United States v. Windsor, Executor of the Estate of Spyer 167
Supreme Court Of The United States

Should we legalize polygamous marriage?

16 Marriage 170
Marci Hamilton

17 Liberalism and the Polygamy Question 178
Jon Mahoney

18 Multi- Player Option 185
Michelle Chihara

Is adultery necessarily immoral?

19 Is Adultery Immoral? 189
Richard Wasserstrom

20 What’s Really Wrong with Adultery? 197
Michael J. Wreen

How should we define adultery?

21 Sex Online: Is This Adultery? 201
Christine Tavella Hall

22 Virtual Adultery: No Physical Harm, No Foul? 211
Kathryn Pfeiffer

Part IV Homosexuality and Policy 221

How should homosexuality be understood?

23 Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal 223
Michael Levin

24 Homosexuality and Nature: Happiness and the Law at Stake 233
Timothy F. Murphy

What should the law be about homosexuality?

25 Bowers v. Hardwick 239
United States Supreme Court

26 Lawrence v. Texas 253
United States Supreme Court

How should we assess attempts to change sexual orientation?

27 Therapies Focused on Attempts to Change Sexual Orientation (Reparative or Conversion Therapies): COPP Position Statement 260
American Psychiatric Association, Committee On Psychotherapy By Psychiatrists (Copp)

28 (A) Can Some Gay Men and Lesbians Change Their Sexual Orientation? 200 Participants Reporting a Change from Homosexual to Heterosexual Orientation – Abstract; (B) Spitzer Reassesses His 2003 Study of Reparative Therapy of Homosexuality 264
Robert L. Spitzer

29 Welch v. Brown, Appellants’ Opening Brief (Preliminary Injunction Appeal) 267
Kamala D. Harris, Douglas J. Woods, Tamar Pachter, Daniel J. Powell, Craig J. Konnoth, And Alexandra Robert Gordon

30 Welch v. Brown, Brief Amicus Curiae of Foundation for Moral Law, in Support of Plaintiffs – Appellees Urging Affirmance 277
John A. Eidsmoe And Joshua M. Pendergrass

Part V Transgender and Medicine 283

How should transgender be understood?

31 Gender Identity Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: A Critical Inquiry 285
Darryl B. Hill, Christina Rozanski, Jessica Carfagnini, And Brian Willoughby

32 Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders: Discussion of Questions for DSM- V (on GID) 297
Robert L. Spitzer

33 Gender Dysphoria 300
American Psychiatric Association

How should we assess sex reassignment surgery?

34 The Psychopathology of “Sex Reassignment” Surgery: Assessing Its Medical, Psychological, and Ethical Appropriateness 302
Richard P. Fitzgibbons, Philip M. Sutton, And Dale O’leary

35 Transsexualism and Gender Reassignment Surgery 314
Heather Draper And Neil Evans

How should intersexed children be medically treated?

36 Surgical Progress is Not the Answer to Intersexuality 322
Cheryl Case

37 The Ethics of Surgically Assigning Sex for Intersex Children 327
Merle Spriggs And Julian Savalescu

Part VI Commerce and Speech 337

Is pornography harmful?

38 The Question of Harm 339
Attorney General’s Commission On Pornography, Final Report, 1986

39 The Findings and Recommendations of the Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography: Do the Psychological “Facts” Fit the Political Fury? 348
Daniel Linz, Edward Donnerstein, And Steven Penrod

Should pornography be protected as free speech?

40 Pornography and the First Amendment 355
Cass R. Sunstein

41 Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition 370
United States Supreme Court

Is prostitution necessarily immoral?

42 What’s Wrong with Prostitution? 374
Igor Primoratz

43 Moral Reflections on Prostitution 385
Yolanda Estes

Part VII Paraphilia and Pathology 393

Are some sexual desires a type of disease?

44 DSM- IV- TR and the Paraphilias: An Argument for Removal 395
Charles Moser And Peggy J. Kleinplatz

45 Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders: Discussion of Questions for DSM- V (on Paraphilia) 403
Robert L. Spitzer

46 Paraphilic Disorders 406
American Psychiatric Association

Is sadomasochism necessarily immoral?

47 Rethinking Sadomasochism: Feminism, Interpretation, and Simulation 408
Patrick D. Hopkins

48 Naughty Fantasies 419
John Corvino

Is bestiality necessarily immoral?

49 What (if Anything) Is Wrong with Bestiality? 424
Neil Levy

50 Horse Sense 431
Wesley J. Smith

Is pedophilia necessarily immoral?

51 Pedophilia 434
Igor Primoratz

52 What Really Is Wrong with Pedophilia? 440
Robert Ehman

Index 447