Keeping Schools Safe

Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III, Ph.D., is vice provost for global affairs as well as chair and Mayor George Christopher Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University. He founded GGU’s law enforcement and security program and is a San Francisco advocate for the safety and security of Filipino American kids and their families. Roger L. Kemp, Ph.D., ICMA-CM, has been a city manager on both the East and West coasts for more than 25 years. He is presently Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University and a Fellow of The Academy of Political Science.

Table of Contents


Acknowledgments

Preface

Part I. Introduction

 1. Colorado Shooting Eerily Recalls Columbine Massacre

Jillian Peterson and James Densley

 2. Searching for Safety: Where Children Hide When Gunfire Is All Too Common

Cara Anthony

 3. How Political Pessimism Helps Doom Tougher Gun Laws

Alec MacGillis

 4. 100,000 NYC Schoolchildren Face ­Airport-Style Security Screening Every

Cecilia Reyes

Part II. Risk Mitigation

• A. Plan and Prepare •

 5. Blue Ribbon Panel on School Safety Recommendation

Los Angeles City Attorney’s Office

 6. Final Report: Missouri Governor’s School Safety Task Force

Mike Kehoe

 7. School Climate and Emergencies

U.S. Department of Education

 8. Systematic Approach to Improve Security

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

 9. Basic School District/School Plan Format

Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency

10. Beginning the Planning Process

Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency

11. Preparedness

Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency

12. School Safety and Security

Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction

• B. Practice and Train •

13. Chicago’s Safe Passage Program

F. Chris Curran

14. Award-Winning Tips on Community Health and Safety

Rebecca DeSantis

15. Books, Binders, ­Bleed-Control Kits

Sandy West

16. Prevention and Mitigation

Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency

17. Schools Should Heed Calls to Do Lockdown Drills Without Traumatizing

Jaclyn Schildkraut

18. Do Lockdown Drills Do Any Good?

Jaclyn Schildkraut

• C. Response, Recovery, Review •

19. Beyond the Parkland School Shootings

Leonard Matarese

20. Lessons Learned from Mass Shootings

Philip Schaenman and Hollis Stambaugh

21. Response

Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency

22. Recovery

Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency

Part III. Interventions

• A. Threat Assessment •

23. Threat Assessments Crucial to Prevent School Shootings

Dewey Cornell

24. A Threat Assessment Model

U.S. Secret Service

25. Creating a Targeted Violence Prevention Plan

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

26. School Shooters Usually Show These Signs of Distress

Jillian Peterson and James Densley

27. Analyzing Online Posts Could Help Spot Future Mass Shooters and Terrorists

Neil Shortland and Allyssa McCabe

• B. Active Shooter •

28. Shots Fired! Is Your Community Ready for an Active Shooter?

Rod Gould and Jack Brown

29. Active Shooter: How to Respond

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

30. Active Shooter Situations

U.S. Department of Education

• C. Guns and Weapons •

31. Weapons and Schools

Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction

32. Mass Shootings Do Little to Change State Gun Laws

Joaquin Sapien

33. More States Are Allowing Guns on College Campuses

Neal H. Hutchens and Kerry B. Melear

34. Why Trump’s Idea to Arm Teachers May Miss the Mark

Aimee Huff and Michelle Barnhart

35. Arming ­Non-Teaching Staff

Ian Smith

36. Republicans Say No to CDC Gun Violence Research

Lois Beckett

37. How the Gun Control Debate Ignores Black Lives

Lois Beckett

• D. Gangs and Bullying •

38. Comprehensive Technical Package for the Prevention of Youth Violence

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control

39. At-Risk Youth in Schools: A Wraparound Delinquency Prevention Program

National Institute of Justice

40. Gangs vs. Extremists

National Institute of Justice

41. Chicago Public Schools Monitored Social Media for Signs of Violence, Gang Membership

Aaron Leibowitz and Sarah Karp

42. Bullying Module

California Department of Education

43. Teen Cyberbullying Content Assessed in the Context of Social Networks

National Institute of Justice

• E. School Resource Officers, Police and Fire Departments •

44. The Future of Police Services in Our Nation’s Cities and Schools

Roger L. Kemp and Paul J. Figueroa

45. School Resource Officers—Community Perspective

Center for Public Safety Management and International City/County Management Association

46. School Resource Officers and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy

U.S. Department of Education

47. Video of ­6-Year-Old Girl’s Arrest Shows the Perils of Putting Police in Primary Schools

F. Chris Curran

48. The Role of the Fire Department in School Safety

Demond Simmons

• F. Mental and Behavioral Health •

49. Keeping Students Safe Is a Growth Industry Struggling to Fulfill Its Mission

John S. Carlson

50. Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

51. Washington State Law on Behavioral Care Balances Parental Rights, Teens’ Autonomy

Michelle Andrews

52. Myth vs. Fact: Violence and Mental Health

Lois Beckett

53. What Mass Shootings Do to Those Not Shot

Arash Javanbakht

54. Among U.S. States, New York’s Suicide Rate Is the Lowest. How’s That?

Michelle Andrews

• G. Race and Discipline •

55. School Suspensions Don’t Stop Violence—They Help Students Celebrate

Charles Bell

56. Rethinking School Discipline

U.S. Department of Education

57. Alternative Approaches Needed to End Racial Disparities in School Discipline

Jonathan F. Zaff

58. The Obama Administration’s “Rethink School Discipline” Guidance

Federal Commission on School Safety

Part IV. The Future

59. Have We Become Too Paranoid About Mass Shootings?

Jaclyn Schildkraut

60. Why Security Measures Won’t Stop School Shootings

Bryan Warnick, Benjamin A. Johnson and Sam Rocha

61. “None of the Children at the School Are Safe”

Jodi S. Cohen and Jennifer Smith Richards

62. What Schools Can Do to Reduce the Risk That Teachers and Other Educators Will Sexually Abuse Children

David Finkelhor

Appendices

Appendix A: Glossary, Abbreviations and Acronyms on School Safety and Security

Alan R. Roper and Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III

Appendix B: Eight Steps for Creating a Comprehensive Targeted Violence Prevention Plan

U.S. Department of Education

Appendix C: The Safe Schools for Safe Learning Act of 2013

State of California

Appendix D: Sample Firearms Safety Memorandum

California Department of Education

Appendix E: Internet Safety Letter

California Department of Education

Appendix F: Compliance Tool for a Comprehensive School Safety Plan

California Department of Education

About the Contributors

Index