Britain's Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931

Phoebe Chow is in the International History Department at the London School of Economics, UK.

Introduction

1. Past British Thought about China to 1900

‘So Well Conceited of Themselves’: Early Jesuit and British Accounts

‘Fifty years of Europe’ vs. ‘A Cycle of Cathay’: Imperialism and China

Christianity, Compassion and Modernity: Missionary Views

The Moral Burden: Victorian Travel Writings

British Policy, 1895-1900

2. 1900-1910

The Boxer Uprising, 1900

The Boxer Uprising and Chinese ‘Awakening’

Sir Robert Hart and Chinese ‘Awakening’

Official policy, 1901-1904

Chinese Nationalism, 1905

G.E. Morrison’s Opinions and Influence

Official Policy, 1905-1910

3. 1911-1918

Assessments of the 1911 Revolution

British policy towards China, 1911-1918

4. 1919 to early 1925

The First World War and Empire

The Paris Peace Conference

The Creation of a New Order in East Asia

Chinese Issues, 1922-1924

The Bolshevik Threat and the Yellow Peril

The Boxer Indemnity and Chinese Educational Exchange

5. 1925

Unrest in China: 30 May and its Aftermath

The View from Whitehall

Government Advisors and Lobbyists

Public Responses

The Government Response

Conclusion

6. 1926

The Hong Kong Boycott and the Business Lobby

The Tariff Conference in Beijing

Finding Consensus

Changing Perceptions of the GMD

Challenging Conciliation

The Move Towards a Pro-GMD Policy

The New China Policy: Creating the December Memorandum

7. 1927

The Hankou Incident, the Shanghai Defence Force and the Public Response

The Chen-O’Malley Agreement

The Nanjing ‘Outrages’

Conclusion