Britain's Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931

Phoebe Chow is in the International History Department at the London School of Economics, UK.

Introduction

1. Past British Thought about China to 1900



‘So Well Conceited of Themselves’: Early Jesuit and British Accounts



‘Fifty years of Europe’ vs. ‘A Cycle of Cathay’: Imperialism and China



Christianity, Compassion and Modernity: Missionary Views



The Moral Burden: Victorian Travel Writings



British Policy, 1895-1900



2. 1900-1910



The Boxer Uprising, 1900



The Boxer Uprising and Chinese ‘Awakening’



Sir Robert Hart and Chinese ‘Awakening’



Official policy, 1901-1904



Chinese Nationalism, 1905



G.E. Morrison’s Opinions and Influence



Official Policy, 1905-1910



3. 1911-1918



Assessments of the 1911 Revolution



British policy towards China, 1911-1918



4. 1919 to early 1925



The First World War and Empire



The Paris Peace Conference



The Creation of a New Order in East Asia



Chinese Issues, 1922-1924



The Bolshevik Threat and the Yellow Peril



The Boxer Indemnity and Chinese Educational Exchange



5. 1925



Unrest in China: 30 May and its Aftermath



The View from Whitehall



Government Advisors and Lobbyists



Public Responses



The Government Response



Conclusion



6. 1926



The Hong Kong Boycott and the Business Lobby



The Tariff Conference in Beijing



Finding Consensus



Changing Perceptions of the GMD



Challenging Conciliation



The Move Towards a Pro-GMD Policy



The New China Policy: Creating the December Memorandum



7. 1927



The Hankou Incident, the Shanghai Defence Force and the Public Response



The Chen-O’Malley Agreement



The Nanjing ‘Outrages’



Conclusion