Pornography and Sexual Aggression (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pornography and Sexual Aggression 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Contributors 14
Preface 16
Introduction: Pornography and Sex Research 20
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF 
20 
SEXUAL DEPICTIONS IN HISTORY AND PREHISTORY 21
THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO SEXUAL IMAGES 23
A CONCLUDING CAUTION 28
REFERENCES 29
PART I: Aggressive Pornography: Individual Differences and Aggression 36
Chapter 1. Aggression against Women: Cultural and Individual Causes 38
OVERVIEW 38
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: PROPENSITY TO RAPE 39
CULTURAL FACTORS: AGGRESSIVE PORNOGRAPHY 47
CHANGES INDUCED BY EXPOSURE TO AGGRESSIVE PORNOGRAPHY 51
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CULTURAL AND INDIVIDUAL CAUSES 58
CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 59
REFERENCES 66
Chapter 2. Pornography: Its Effect on Violence against Women 72
INTRODUCTION 72
NONAGGRESSIVE PORNOGRAPHY AND AGGRESSION AGAINST WOMEN 74
AGGRESSIVE PORNOGRAPHY: A MORE DIRECT RELATIONSHIP 82
CONCLUSION 97
REFERENCES 99
PART Il: Experimental Studies 
102 
Chapter 3. Arousal, Affect, and the Aggression-Moderating Effect 
104 
INTRODUCTION 104
NONAGGRESSIVE EROTICA AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR 105
AGGRESSIVE AND DEVIANT PORNOGRAPHY AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR 114
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO EROTICA 117
SUMMARY 127
REFERENCES 128
Chapter 4. Effects of Massive Exposure to Pornography 134
A TWO-COMPONENT MODEL OF EFFECTS ON AGGRESSION 134
FREQUENT EXPOSURE, EXCITATORY HABITUATION, 
136 
RECENT RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF MASSIVE EXPOSURE 141
A CALL FOR LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH 154
REFERENCES 155
PART III: Correlational and Cross-Cultural Studies on Pornography 
158 
Chapter 5. Sex and Violence: A Ripple Effect 162
SHORTCOMINGS OF PREVIOUS PORNOGRAPHY STUDIES 162
STUDYING PORNO-VIOLENCE AND SOCIETY 163
EVIDENCE FOR REDUCTION IN SEX CRIMES: 
165 
ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATIONS OF TRENDS 169
ARGUMENTS FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RAPE AND PORNO-VIOLENCE 175
PROPOSITIONS FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RAPE AND PORNO-VIOLENCE 176
DISCUSSION 186
REFERENCES 188
Chapter 6. Pornography in Japan: Cross-Cultural and Theoretical 
192 
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 192
PORNOGRAPHY IN JAPAN IN 1984 196
CROSS-CULTURAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 197
REFERENCES 202
Chapter 7. Sexual Stratification, Pornography, and Rape in the United States 204
THE FEMINIST VIEW OF RAPE 205
DATA AND METHODS 208
THE STATUS OF WOMEN AND RAPE 213
PORNOGRAPHY AND RAPE 214
NONSEXUAL VIOLENCE AND RAPE 217
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS 218
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 224
REFERENCES 227
PART IV: Causes of Sexual Aggression: Psychological and Communicative Factors 230
Chapter 8. Sexually Aggressive Men: Empirical Findings and Theoretical 
232 
IDENTIFYING SEXUALLY AGGRESSIVE MEN 232
EMPIRICAL FINDINGS 236
THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 246
CONCLUSIONS 249
REFERENCES 249
Chapter 9. 
252 
THE SURVEY SAMPLE 253
THE SEXUAL SIGNAL SYSTEM 254
DIFFICULT ENCOUNTERS 258
JUSTIFYING ASSAULT 260
CONCLUSION 261
REFERENCES 262
PART V: Legal Implications of Research on Pornography and Sexual 
264 
Chapter 10. Using Psychological Research 
266 
STATE OF THE LAW 266
OBSCENITY AND THE LAW IN THE 1980s 280
QUASI-LEGAL SOLUTIONS 286
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 291
REFERENCES 292
Chapter 11. Bases of Liability for Injuries Produced by Media Portrayals of Violent Pornography 296
CIVIL LIABILITY AND THE CONSTITUTION 296
USING SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF VIOLENT PORNOGRAPHY IN A CIVIL SUIT 305
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 320
REFERENCES 321
Afterword: Sex, Violence, and the Media: Where Do We Stand Now? 324
PROBLEMS WITH EXPLORING PORNOGRAPHY 324
GENERAL THEORY ON SEX, VIOLENCE, 
330 
ROBUSTNESS OF EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT FOR THE GENERAL THEORY 331
DEFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE 332
CONCLUSION 336
REFERENCES 337
Author Index 338
Subject Index 346