Substance Abuse

Gary L. Fisher is Professor in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Nevada, Reno. He was the founder and first director of the Center for the Application of Substance Abuse Technologies where he developed undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education activities for addiction counselors, prevention specialists, and allied professionals. Dr. Fisher’s career has spanned 38 years and includes work as a private practice clinician and a public school psychologist. In addition to this textbook, he is the author of Rethinking Our War on Drugs: Candid Talk about Controversial Issues (2006), the senior editor of the Encyclopedia of Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery (2009), and the author of Understanding Why Addicts are Not All Alike: Recognizing the Types and How Their Differences Affect Intervention and Treatment (2011).   Thomas Harrison is Associate Dean in the College of Education and Professor of Counseling and Educational Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno. He developed the initial drug testing program for the University of Florida Athletic Department and has been a consultant for the State of Nevada Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Dr. Harrison’s career has spanned 35 years in the field, including private counseling, sports psychology, and consulting practice. He is the author of Consultation for Contemporary Helping Professionals (2004) and several articles in professional journals.

Preface

 

Chapter 1: The Role of the Mental Health Professional in Prevention and Treatment 

The Need for Generalist Training 

Philosophical Orientation    

Professional Orientation   

Attitudes and Beliefs    

Denial, Minimization, Projection, and Rationalization    

Helping Attitudes and Behaviors    

Overview of the Book    





Chapter 2: Classification of Drugs

Case Examples     

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act     

The Concept of Dangerousness    

Definitions     

The Neurobiology of Addiction        

Central Nervous System Depressants     

Central Nervous System Stimulants     

Opioids     

Hallucinogens   

Cannabinols     

Inhalants and Volatile Hydrocarbons     

Anabolic Steroids     

Club Drugs     

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Mental Disorders     

Summary    

Additional Reading    

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 3: Models of Addiction

Case Examples     

The Moral Model     

Sociocultural Models of Addiction     

Psychological Models of Addiction    

Disease Concept of Addiction     

Biopsychosocial Model of Addiction     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 4: Culturally and Ethnically Diverse Groups

Native Americans and Alaska Natives     

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders     

African Americans     

Latino and Hispanic Populations     

The Elderly, Disabled, and Sexual Minority Populations     

Helping Culturally and Ethnically Diverse Populations     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    



Chapter 5: Confidentiality and Ethical Issues

Case Examples     

Confidentiality: 42 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 2 (42 CFR)     

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)     

Drug Testing     

Documentation     

Ethics     

Application of Confidentiality Regulations     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 6:  Screening, Assessment and Diagnosis

Case Examples     

Definitions of Use, Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence or Addiction     

Screening    

Psychosocial History     

Signs of Adolescent Substance Abuse     

Self-Report Inventories     

Referral     

Diagnosis     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 7: Motivational Interviewing and Brief Interventions

Case Examples     

Client Engagement     

Motivational Interviewing     

Brief Interventions     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 8: Treatment of AOD Problems

Case Examples     

Recovery Oriented Systems of Care    

How Many Are in Treatment? How Many Need Treatment?     

What Happens in Treatment?     

Treatment Strategies and Techniques     

Treatment Settings     

Principles of Effective Treatment     

Evidence-Based Treatment     

Treatment and Special Populations     

Case Example Applications        

Treatment Effectiveness     

Special Problems in Treatment     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 9: Relapse Prevention and Recovery

Case Example      

Need for Generalist Training in Relapse Prevention     

Definitions of Slip and Relapse     

Frequency of Slips and Relapse     

Is Relapse in Addiction Similar to Other Chronic Conditions?     

Models of Relapse Prevention     

Essential Components of Relapse Prevention     

Preventing Slips from Escalating     

Recovery     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion    





Chapter 10: Twelve-Step and Other Types of Support Groups

Case Examples     

Alcoholics Anonymous     

Other Twelve-Step Groups    

Advantages and Disadvantages of Twelve-Step Groups    

Other Types of Support Groups    

Case Example Applications        

Summary    

Internet Resources    

Further Discussion    





Chapter 11: Children and Families

Children’s Exposure to Alcohol and Other Drugs    

Family Exposure to Alcohol and Other Drugs    

Intergenerational Transmission of Alcoholism    

Women and Alcoholism    

Stepfamilies: System and Structure    

Helping Families    

Summary    

Internet Resources    

Further Discussion    





Chapter 12:  Adult Children and Codependency

Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs)    

Assessment and Treatment Considerations    

Codependency     

Implications for Mental Health Professionals     

Relationship of ACOA, AA, Al-Anon, and Codependency     

Codependency and Diversity     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion   


 

Chapter 13: HIV/AIDS 255

Incidence and Prevalence     

Myths and Facts about HIV and AIDS     

Risk Factors and High-Risk Populations     

Assessment of Clients for HIV and AIDS: Signs and Symptoms     

Helping HIV-Infected Clients     

HIV-Related Issues Specific to the Helping Professional     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion  


 


Chapter 14: Gambling and Other Addictions

Prevalence of Gambling and Gambling Problems     

Definitions of Gamblers and Problem Gambling     

Assessment and Diagnosis     

Treatment, Resources, and Support     

Other Addictions     

Food Addiction: The Eating Disorders     

Addiction to Sex and Love     

Internet Addiction     

Addiction to Work: Workaholism    

Assessment and Treatment Issues     

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion

    


Chapter 15: Prevention

Case Examples     

Why Are Prevention Efforts Needed?     

Policy Issues in Prevention     

Prevention Classification Systems     

What Works in Prevention     

Case Example Applications   

Evidence-Based Prevention     

Prevention Resources     

Prevention Specialists 

Summary     

Internet Resources     

Further Discussion     

 

 



References    

Index