Simplified Engineering for Architects and Builders

JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is the Director of the Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence and is a Professor of Architecture at the University of Utah. He teaches the architectural structures sequence in the School of Architecture and the graduate design studio. He is the recipient of several teaching awards including the ACSA/AIAS New Faculty Teaching Award in 2001 and the University of Utah's Early Career Teaching Award in 2000-2001.

Preface to the Twelfth Edition xi

Preface to the First Edition xv

Introduction xvii

Part I Fundamental Functions of Structures 1

1 Investigation of Forces, Force Systems, Loading, and Reactions 3

1.1 Properties of Forces 3

1.2 Static Equilibrium 7

1.3 Force Components and Combinations 8

1.4 Graphical Analysis of Concurrent Force Systems 13

1.5 Algebraic Analysis of Nonconcurrent Force Systems 17

1.6 Laws of Equilibrium 21

1.7 Loads and Reactive Forces 24

1.8 Load Sources 28

1.9 Load Combinations 40

1.10 Determination of Design Loads 41

1.11 Design Methods 43

2 Investigation of Axial Force Actions 47

2.1 Forces and Stresses 47

2.2 Deformation 51

2.3 Suspension Cables 56

2.4 Funicular Arches 61

2.5 Graphical Analysis of Planar Trusses 64

2.6 Algebraic Analysis of Planar Trusses 73

2.7 Cable-Stayed Structures 80

2.8 Compression Members 83

3 Investigation of Structures for Shear and Bending 86

3.1 Direct Shear Stress 86

3.2 Shear in Beams 87

3.3 Bending Moments in Beams 91

3.4 Sense of Bending in Beams 98

3.5 Tabulated Values for Beam Behavior 105

3.6 Development of Bending Resistance 109

3.7 Shear Stress in Beams 113

3.8 Continuous and Restrained Beams 117

3.9 Members Experiencing Compression Plus Bending 132

3.10 Rigid Frames 142

3.11 Buckling of Beams 150

3.12 Second-Order Analysis 153

3.13 Computer Software for Structural Analysis 155

4 Structural Systems and Planning 157

4.1 General Considerations for Structural Systems 158

4.2 Shear Wall and Diaphragm Structural System 161

4.3 Braced Frame Systems 162

4.4 Moment Frame Systems 164

4.5 Wood Construction 166

4.6 Steel Construction 172

4.7 Concrete Construction 177

Part II Wood Construction 185

5 Wood Spanning Elements 187

5.1 Structural Lumber 188

5.2 Reference Design Values for Allowable Stress Design 189

5.3 Design Controls for Load and Resistance Factor Design 198

5.4 Design for Bending 200

5.5 Beam Shear 203

5.6 Bearing 204

5.7 Deflection 206

5.8 Behavior Considerations for LRFD 209

5.9 Joists and Rafters 217

5.10 Decking for Roofs and Floors 221

5.11 Plywood 222

5.12 Glued-Laminated Products 226

5.13 Wood Fiber Products 227

5.14 Assembled Wood Structural Products 228

6 Wood Columns 231

6.1 Slenderness Ratio for Columns 232

6.2 Compression Capacity of Simple Solid Columns, ASD Method 232

6.3 Column Load Capacity, LRFD Method 240

6.4 Stud Wall Construction 242

6.5 Columns with Bending 244

7 Connections for Wood Structures 252

7.1 Bolted Joints 252

7.2 Nailed Joints 254

7.3 Plywood Gussets 258

7.4 Investigation of Connections, LRFD Method 258

7.5 Formed Steel Framing Elements 259

Part III Steel Construction 263

8 Steel Structural Products 265

8.1 Design Methods for Steel Structures 265

8.2 Materials for Steel Products 267

8.3 Types of Steel Structural Products 270

9 Steel Beams and Framing Elements 276

9.1 Factors in Beam Design 276

9.2 Inelastic Versus Elastic Behavior 278

9.3 Nominal Moment Capacity of Steel Beams 285

9.4 Design for Bending 291

9.5 Design of Beams for Buckling Failure 296

9.6 Shear in Steel Beams 299

9.7 Deflection of Beams 305

9.8 Safe Load Tables 313

9.9 Steel Trusses 319

9.10 Manufactured Trusses for Flat Spans 320

9.11 Decks with Steel Framing 328

9.12 Concentrated Load Effects on Beams 330

10 Steel Columns and Frames 334

10.1 Column Shapes 334

10.2 Column Slenderness and End Conditions 336

10.3 Safe Axial Loads for Steel Columns 338

10.4 Design of Steel Columns 341

10.5 Columns with Bending 352

10.6 Column Framing and Connections 356

11 Bolted Connections for Steel Structures 359

11.1 Bolted Connections 359

11.2 Design of a Bolted Connection 371

11.3 Bolted Framing Connections 377

11.4 Bolted Truss Connections 379

12 Light-Gage Formed Steel Structures 383

12.1 Light-Gage Steel Products 383

12.2 Light-Gage Steel Decks 384

12.3 Light-Gage Steel Systems 389

Part IV Concrete Construction 391

13 Reinforced Concrete Structures 393

13.1 General Considerations 393

13.2 General Application of Strength Methods 400

13.3 Beams: Ultimate Strength Method 401

13.4 Beams in Site-Cast Systems 414

13.5 Spanning Slabs 429

13.6 Shear in Beams 435

13.7 Development Length for Reinforcement 449

13.8 Deflection Control 459

14 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 462

14.1 Slab-and-Beam Systems 463

14.2 General Considerations for Beams 470

15 Concrete Columns and Compression Members 475

15.1 Effects of Compression Force 475

15.2 General Considerations for Concrete Columns 479

15.3 Design Methods and Aids for Concrete Columns 489

15.4 Special Considerations for Concrete Columns 499

16 Foundations 505

16.1 Shallow Bearing Foundations 505

16.2 Wall Footings 506

16.3 Column Footings 514

16.4 Pedestals 522

Part V Structural Systems for Buildings 527

17 General Considerations for Building Structures 529

17.1 Choice of Building Construction 529

17.2 Structural Design Standards 530

17.3 Structural Design Process 531

17.4 Development of Structural Systems 532

18 Building One 536

18.1 General Considerations 536

18.2 Design of the Wood Structure for Gravity Loads 537

18.3 Design for Lateral Loads 543

18.4 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 554

18.5 Alternative Truss Roof 562

18.6 Foundations 564

19 Building Two 566

19.1 Design for Gravity Loads 568

19.2 Design for Lateral Loads 571

19.3 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 574

20 Building Three 577

20.1 General Considerations 577

20.2 Structural Alternatives 581

20.3 Design of the Steel Structure 583

20.4 Alternative Floor Construction with Trusses 592

20.5 Design of the Trussed Bent for Wind 596

20.6 Considerations for a Steel Rigid Frame 601

20.7 Considerations for a Masonry Wall Structure 602

20.8 The Concrete Structure 609

20.9 Design of the Foundations 632

Appendix A: Properties of Sections 635

A.1 Centroids 635

A.2 Moment of Inertia 638

A.3 Transferring Moments of Inertia 642

A.4 Miscellaneous Properties 646

A.5 Tables of Properties of Sections 649

Glossary 662

References 673

Quick Reference to Useful Data 675

Index 677